There is no lazaret. Clean bills of health are issued to vessels leaving this port when required, without any inspection of the vessel or crew, but exception has been when either cholera or small-pox has prevailed in the island. Windward CHAPTER VIII. Treaties referring to Quarantine. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT-TREATIES-CONFERENCES. ALTHOUGH Great Britain has not entered into any treatries with foreign states, which relate exclusively to quarantine, she has entered into many treaties which refer more or less to that question. They are as follows: 5th Nov. 1815.-Treaty of Commerce (the Ionian Islands), Austria, &c. (foreign vessels of commerce in Ionian ports and Ionian vessels in foreign ports are in the same position as they were before the union. See treaties of Nov. 14th, 1863, and March 29th, 1864). 23rd July, 1862.-Treaty of Commerce with Bel gium. 4th Oct. 1854.-Treaty of Commerce with Chili. 16th Feb. 1866.—Treaty of Commerce with Columbia. 13th Aug. 1841.-Agreement with Denmark. 26th Jan. 1826.-Treaty of Commerce with France. 27th Oct. 1856.-Treaty of Commerce with Honduras. 2nd May, 1817.-Constitutional Chart, Ionian Isles. 6th Aug. 1863.-Treaty of Commerce with Italy. 27th June, 1865.-Treaty of Commerce with Madagascar. 27th Oct. 1865.-Treaty of Commerce with Nether lands. 11th Feb. 1860.-Treaty of Commerce with Nicaragua. 3rd July, 1842.-Treaty of Commerce with Portugal. 12th Jan. 1859.-Treaty of Commerce with Russia. 24th Oct. 1862.-Treaty of Commerce with Salvador. 13th Nov. 1840.-Treaty of Commerce with Texas. 29th April, 1861.-Treaty of Commerce with Turkey. ence of In 1850, upon the invitation of the French Repub- Conferlican Government, it was agreed among the different 1850. states which had coast possessions in, or close to, the Mediterranean, that an International Conference on the subject of quarantine should be held in Paris. Delegates, medical and consular, attended from France, Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Sardinia, Tuscany, the Papal States, Naples, Turkey, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. The consular delegates were-M. David, Sir A. Perrier, MM. Lavison, Ebeling, Magnetto, Cecconi, Escalon, Falcon, Halphen, Vitalis, Segovia, and Silveira; and the medical delegates were-Drs. Melier, Sutherland, Menis, Rosenberger, Bo, Betti, Capello, Carbonaro, Bartoletti, Costi, Monlau, and Grande. The omission from this inquiry of the United States, which could have afforded the most valuable information on some leading points, was much to be regretted. The first meeting was held on the 23rd of July, under the Presidency of M. David, a Minister Plenipotentiary of France and the subsequent meetings, forty-two in number, took place during the next six months. The Conference finally closed on the 19th of January, 1852, receiving the thanks of the Prince President, then just elevated to a permanent supreme power. Ꮓ Conference of 1866. Conference of 1874. A Convention, based upon and embodying the results of their deliberations, was adopted by only a few of the represented powers, viz., by France and Sardinia, in the first instance, and at a later period by Portugal, Tuscany, and Turkey. Great Britain among others declined to follow the example.52 Another International Sanitary Conference opened at Constantinople on the 13th of February, 1866, under the Presidency of His Excellency Salih Effendi, first delegate of Turkey, and continued its sittings for about seven months. Considerable discussion took place on the subject proposed by the two French delegates, of which the purport was to obviate, from that time forward, the danger of another importation of cholera into Europe, from Egypt. The danger of an epidemic of cholera on the shores of the Mediterranean, in the wake of Mussulman pilgrims returning from Mecca, was also fully considered, and a restrictive policy recommended. In July, 1874, an International Sanitary Conference, assembled at Vienna, at the instance of the AustroHungarian Governments with the following objects: (1) to re-examine the state of our knowledge of cholera in reference to prophylaxy, with the view of establishing, if possible, a complete understanding between the Governments who had been convoked as to the national and international measures to be adopted to prevent the spread of that disease; and (2) to consider the question of instituting a permanent, or temporary, International Sanitary Commission, for the further investigation of epidemics and the means of combating them. It was 52 This Convention will be found in extenso at p. 343; it was in force for five years, and was not renewed at the expiration of that time. reserved for the Conference to enter or not, as it might see fit, on the subject of quarantine against other diseases than cholera. Every European State was represented at this Conference. Persia and Egypt were also represented. The United States of America had been invited by the Austro-Hungarian Government, and had accepted the invitation, but no representatives attended. The States represented were twenty-two in number-Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Persia, Portugal, Roumania, Russia, Servia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, each sending as many delegates as it thought fit, but each disposing of one vote only. The delegates were, with few exceptions, of the medical profession, and no State was without a medical representative. Most of the delegates were persons holding office in the public service, sanitary or medical, of their respective countries. The Conference was formally opened July 1, 1874, and formally closed August 1, 1874. During this time twenty sittings of the full Conference were held, independent of the meetings of the several committees, to which had been entrusted the preliminary consideration, and preparation for discussion, of some of the more important questions on which the Conference had to decide. The Conference was not called upon to review specifically the several recommendations of quarantine of the Conference of Constantinople, but certain broad general questions had been formed with the view of eliciting the opinion of the delegates assembled at Vienna, as to the measures of restriction of cholera which were practicable and likely to be efficacious (a) by land, (b) by sea, |