Consequently all verbs of warning, reminding, persuading, and the like, have double constructions: when used in the sense of warning, &c. a man to do a thing, they take, by the last rule, a conjunctive with ut, denoting the purpose of the warning, &c.: Moneo te ut hoc facias, 'I warn you to do this.' When used in the sense of warning or reminding a man that something has been done, they are constructed like words of asserting, and so take the infinitive: Moneo te hoc factum esse, 'I remind you that this has been done.'

IV. In describing or narrating the words or thoughts of another, depending on a verb of assertion, as, dico, narro, or the like, the principal verbs are put in the infinitive by the preceding rule, and the dependent verbs, in clauses beginning with relatives or conjunctions, are put in the conjunctive mood. This is called the "oratio obliqua." Ex. Dixit hos multitudinem deterrere ne frumentum conferant quod præstare debeant, He said that they deterred the commonalty from contributing the corn they are bound to supply.' Consequently, if in a narrative of another's words or sentiments any verbs in dependent sentences are in the indicative, they represent the sentiments not of the person

whose words are recorded, but of the historian who is writing the narrative, and are in fact parenthetic explanations for the benefit of the reader.

V. All words that can be used in a direct question, such as quis, qualis, quantus, &c., when used in subsidiary sentences, depending immediately on another verb, require the conjunctive mood: ex. Quis es, 'Who are you?' but Scio quis sis, 'I know who you are.'

The conjunctive mood is also required after the relative qui, when it in any way assigns a reason : Odi eum qui dixerit, 'I hate him because he says.' Otherwise, when qui merely introduces a new descriptive circumstance the indicative is used: Scipio, qui eo anno consul fuit, mortuus est, Scipio, who was consul that year, died.'

VI. With respect to the position of words in a sentence, few definite rules can be given, and those only generally true, as particular circumstances may entirely alter the arrangement.

The emphatic positions are at the beginning and the end of the sentence: ex. Civem Romanum verberari nefas est, where the man's citizenship is the important point. The verb generally being the most

important word in the sentence is placed at the end: Convivium ad multam noctem vario sermone producimus.

The governing word generally comes after the word governed: vitæ satietas is far more common than satietas vitæ.

The adjective follows the noun with which it agrees: vir bonus, pater suus.

ENGLISH SELECTIONS.

I.

WE are told there once existed a city where it was a rule to elect some foreigner to the throne when vacant, and then when the newly-elected king was living in security and ease, indulging in pleasure and gaiety, as deeming his sovereignty would continue until death, all at once they would strip off from him his royal dress, and banish him to a far-distant island; and there, destitute of either food or clothing, he was a prey to cold and hunger. It so happened, however, that a man of great natural shrewdness was, in the course of events, raised to the throne. He, unlike his careless predecessors, anxiously set about devising the best schemes he could for his establishment; and on discovering the peculiar custom of the country, and the locality of the island whither the deposed monarchs were banished, he entrusted sums of gold and silver to some faithful slaves, and had them conveyed to the island. At the close of the year an insurrection broke out, and, like his predecessors, he was banished; but while

his companions in flight suffered the pangs of hunger, he was enabled to live in plenty.

II.

Continue as you do, my Alexander, to love literature, and to make it your serious business and your amusement. The labour, which is not great, will hereafter be a great honour to you. By that path which you are now entering, many who were born in an humble and obscure station have arrived at the highest dignities. And even if no such rewards were proposed for literature, yet learning of itself would deserve to be loved: and nothing is more disgraceful in a freeborn man than ignorance of those things, a knowledge of which cannot be acquired without literature. The pleasure which is derived from disgraceful things quickly passes away, but leaves a lasting pain on the mind; but labour bestowed on honourable objects, itself, indeed, disappears, but leaves a remembrance of itself in the mind full of the noblest and purest pleasure. Think of these things, and farewell.

III.

MURETUS.

There is no one to whom I write more willingly than to you; for I feel quite a fatherly disposition and affection towards you. But you can scarcely believe how much I am occupied in this retirement, which, however, all believe to be full of leisure; and I receive every day five or six letters from my