place called Scattacook,* between York and Albany, where the Moohagst made a descent upon him and killed many of his men, which moved him from thence.†

His next kennelling place was at the falls of Connecticut river, where, sometime after Captain Turner found him, [and] came upon him by night, killed him a great many men, and frightened many more into the river, that were hurled down the falls and drowned.

It is above Albany, on the east side of the north branch of the Hudson, now called Hoosac river, about 15 miles from Albany. Smith wrote this word Scaghtahook. History N. York, 307.

† (Mohawks.)

This word according to Roger Williams, is derived from the word moho, which signifies to eat. Or Mohawks signified cannibals or man eaters among the other tribes of Indians. Trumbull, U. States, I, 47. Hutchinson, I, 405. This tribe was situated along the Mohawk river, from whom it took its name, and was one of the powerful Fivenations, who in 1713, were joined by the Tuskarora Indians, a large tribe from N. Carolina, and thence known by the name of the Sixnations. Williamson, N. Carolina, I, 203. Hon. De Witt Clinton, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 48, says the Tuskaroras joined the other nations in 1712.

Philip despairing of exterminating the English with his Newengland Indians resorted to the Mohawks to persuade them to engage in his cause. They not being willing, he had recourse to a foul expedient. Meeting with some Mohawks in the woods, hunting, he caused them to be murdered; and then informed their friends, that the English had done it. But it so happened that one, which was left for dead, revived and returned to his friends, and informed them of the truth. The Mohawks in just resentment fell upon him and killed many of his men. Adams, Hist. N. Eng. 125. § (Above Deerfield.)

It has been suggested, and it is thought very appropriately to call that cataract, where Capt. Turner destroyed the Indians, Turner's Falls. See Antiquarian Researches, 131.

Philip with a great company of his people had taken a stand at the fall in Connecticut river for the convenience of getting a supply of fish, after the destruction of their proisions at the great swamp fight in Narraganset. Some

Philip got over the river, and on the back side of Wetuset hills, meets with all the remnants of the Narraganset and Nipmuck+ Indians, that were there gathered together, and became very numerous; and [then] made their descent on Sudbury‡ and the adjacent parts of the country, where they met with,

prisoners deserted and brought news to Hadley, Hatfield and Northampton of the Indians' situation at the falls. On the 18 May, 160 men under Capt. Turner arrived near their quarters at day break. The enemy were in their wigwams asleep, and without guards. The English rushed upon them and fired as they rose from sleep, which so terrified them that they fled in every direction; crying out "Mohawks! Mohawks!" Some ran into the river, some took canoes, and in their fright forgot the paddles, and were precipitated down the dreadful fall and dashed in pieces. The enemy is supposed to have lost 300. The English having finished the work, began a retreat; but the Indians, on recovering from their terror fell upon their rear, killed Capt. Turner and 38 of his men. See American Annals, I, 430. Why is the name of Turner not found in our Biographical Dictionaries?

*In the north part of the present town of Princetown in Worcester county, about 50 miles W. of Boston. Mr. Hubbard wrote this word Watchuset, and Dr. Morse, Wachusett, and calls it a mountain. See Univ. Gaz. But in this, as well as many other words, the easiest way is the best way; hence Wachuset is to be preferred.

† (About Rutland.)

It was just said that the Nipmuck country was about Worcester, Oxford, &c. See note 2 on page 65. Nipmuck was a general name for all Indians beyond the Connecticut toward Canada.

On the 27 March, 1676, some persons of Marlborough joined others of Sudbury, and went in search of the enemy. They came upon nearly 300 of them before day a sleep by their fires, and within half a mile of a garrison house. The English though but 40 in number, ventured to fire upon them; and before they could arouse and escape, they had several well directed fires, killing and wounding about 30. On 18 April, as has been before noted, they furiously fell upon Sudbury, burned several houses and barns and killed several persons. Ten or 12 persons that came from Concord, 5 miles distant, to assist their friends, were drawn into an ambush, and all killed or taken, Hub bard, 182, 184.

and swallowed up [the] valiant Captain Wadsworth* and his company; and many other doleful desolations in those parts. The news whereof coming to Plymouth, and they expecting [that,] probably, the enemy would soon return again into their colony, the council of war were called together, and Mr. Church was sent for to them; being observed by the whole. colony to be a person extraordinarily qualified for, and adapted to the affairs of war. It was proposed in council, that lest the enemy in their return, should fall on Rehoboth, or some other of their out towns, a company consisting of sixty or seventy men, should be sent into those parts, and [that] Mr. Church [be] invited to take the command of them. He told them that if the enemy returned into that colony again, they

* Capt. Samuel Wadsworth, father of president Wadsworth of Harvard College. Capt. Wadsworth was sent from Boston with 50 men to relieve Marlborough. After marching 25 miles, they were informed that the enemy had gone toward Sudbury; so without stopping to take any rest, they pursued after them. On coming near the town, a party of the enemy were discovered, and pursued about a mile into the woods, when on a sudden they were surrounded on all sides by 500 Indians, as was judged. No chance of escape appeared. This little band of brave men now resolved to fight to the last man. They gained an eminence, which they maintained for some time; at length, night approaching, they began to scatter, which gave the enemy the advantage, and nearly every one was slain. This was a dreadful blow to the country. It is not certain that any ever escaped. to relate the sad tale. President Wadsworth erected a monument where this battle was fought with this inscription.

"Captain Samuel Wadsworth of Milton, his Lieutenant Sharp of Brookline, Captain Broclebank of Rowley, with about Twenty Six* other souldiers, fighting for the defence of their country, were slain by the Indian enemy April 18th, 1676, and lye buried in this place."

"This monument stands to the west of Sudbury causeway, about one mile southward of the church in old Sudbury, and about a quarter of a mile from the great road, that leads from Worcester to Boston." Holmes, I, 429. Sudbury is about 22 miles from Boston.

* Supposed to be the number of bodies found.

might reasonably expect that they would come very numerous, and if he should take the command of men he should not lie in any town or garrison with them, but would lie in the woods as the enemy did-and that to send out such small companies against such multitudes of the enemy that were now mustered together, would be but to deliver so many men into their hands, to be destroyed, as the worthy Captain Wadsworth and his company were. His advice upon the whole was, that, if they sent out any forces, to send no less than three hundred soldiers; and that the other colonies should be asked to send out their quotas also; adding, that, if they intended to make an end of the war by subduing the enemy, they must make a business of the war as the enemy did; and that for his own part, he had wholly laid aside all his own private business and concerns, ever since the war broke out. * He told them that, if they would send forth such forces as he should direct [them] to, he would go with them for six weeks march, which was long enough for men to be kept in the woods at once; and if they might be sure of liberty to return in such a space, men would go out cheerfully; and he would engage [that] one hundred and fifty of the best soldiers should immediately list, voluntarily, to go with him, if they would please to add fifty more; and one hundred of the friend Indians. And with such an army, he made no doubt, but he might do good service, but on other terms he did not incline to be concerned,

Their reply was, that, they were already in debt, and so big an army would bring such a charge upon them, that they should never be able to pay. And as for sending out Indians, they thought it no ways advisable; and in short, none of his advice practicable.

* It will be discoverable in almost every step onward, how shamefully Mr. Church was treated by government for all his services.

a small stick, but he cut off the top of his fore finger, and the next to it half off; upon which he smilingly said, that he thought he was out of his way to leave the war, and resolved he would [go] to war again.

Accordingly his second son being born on the 12th of May, and his wife and son [likely] to do well, Mr. Church embraces the opportunity of a passage in a sloop bound to Barnstable, [which]2 landed him at Sogkonesset,* from whence he rode to Plymouth, and arrived there the first Tuesday in June.†

The General Court then sitting, welcomed him, and told him [that] they were glad to see him alive. He replied, [that] he was as glad to see them alive; for he had seen so many fires and smokes towards their side of the country, since he left them, that he could scarce eat or sleep with any comfort, for fear they had all been destroyed. For all travelling was stopped, and no news had passed for a long time together.

He gave them an account, that the Indians had made horrid desolations at Providence, Warwick, Pawtuxet, and all over the Narraganset country; and that they prevailed daily against the English on that side of the country. [He] told them [that] he longed to hear what methods they designed [to take] in the war. They told him [that] they were par2 [who]

1 [like]

* Known now by the name of Wood's hole. It is in the town of Falmouth, not far to the eastward of Sogkonate point. Douglass wrote this name Soconosset, and Hutchinson Sucanesset. A small clan of Indians resided here from whom it took its name.

† Namely the 8.

We should not suppose that this was the first intelligence that the people of Plymouth received of the destruction of those places, as this visit was nearly 3 months after the destruction of Warwick, Providence, &c., and about 4 from the cutting off of Capt. Pierce; yet it might be the case.