CHRISTOPHER, St, v. 704; wall paint- | CHRONICON EDESSENUM, Syriac work,

CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, school, London, CHRONOLOGY, V. 709; archæological,
XIV. 835.

CHROMATOPHORES, organs of molluscs, CHRYSOCHEIR, leader of the Paulicians,

CHROMATROPE, slide for magic lantern, CHRYSOCHLORIDE, family of insecti

CHRYSOPHAN, constituent of rhubarb, CHURCH MUSIC, XVII. 80, 84, 88.

(Scutari), ancient town, Turkey in CHURCH PATRONAGE, in Scotland, XXI. Asia, XXI. 573CHRYSOPRASE, mineral, I. 278; XVI. 389. CHRYSOSTOM, Dion, Greek rhetorician, VII. 247; on Indian epic poems, XXI. 281; his romance, The Hunter, xx. 634.

CHWEN-CHANG (Kirin), town, Man- | CIMBRI, ancient Germanic tribe, v. 780; CINQUEFOIL, in architecture, II. 462. churia, XIV. 96. X. 474.

CHYLE, secretion in digestion, I. 846; CIMBRIC ALPS, 1. 630.

VII. 226; XVII. 678.
CHYLURIA, disease, XVIII. 270.
CHYME, digested contents of the stomach,
VII. 225; XVII. 670.
CHYTRIDIEÆ, parasitic fungi, XVIII.
267.

CIBBER, or Cibert, Caius Gabriel,

Danish sculptor, v. 769.

CINQUE PORTS, England, V. 786; VIII. 218; their establishment, XVII. 279.

CIMENTO, Accademia del, of Florence, CINQUE PORTS, Barons of the, III. 388.

I. 70.

CIMMERII, or Cimmerians, ancient Scy-
thian race, v. 780; XXI. 577; in Lydia,

XV. 100.

CINTHIO, or Cintio (Giovanni Battista

Giraldi), Italian novelist, X. 620. CINTO, Mont, Corsica, VI. 439. CINTRA, town, Portugal, v. 787.

mythical people, v. 780; supposed CINYXIS, genus of chelonian reptiles, locality of, III. 149.

CIMOLITE, mineral, XVI. 424.

Colley, English dramatist and CIMOLOS, island, Egean Sea, xv. 841.
laureate, v. 769; VII. 436.
CIMON, Athenian statesman and general,
CIBERT, Caius Gabriel, Danish sculptor, V. 780; XI. 101; XVIII. 529, 573.
CIMONE, Monte, mountain, Italy, XIII.

v. 769.

CIBO, Giovanni Battista (Pope Innocent
VIII.), XIII. 85.

CIBORIUM, in architecture, II. 462.
CIBRARIO, Luigi, Italian economist,
XIX. 387.

CICACOLE, town, India, v. 770.
CICERO, Marcus Tullius, Roman orator
and writer, V. 770; XX. 764; as
Academician, I. 69; his knowledge
of anatomy, I. 802; his economic
theories, XIX. 350; his Latinity,
XIV. 333; his rhetorical works, XX.
514; his opposition to Catiline, v. 238;
his relations with Hortensius, XII. 210;
his connexion with Tusculum, XXIII.
671; his place in Roman literature,
XX. 719.

CICI, Vlach colony in Istria, XXIV.
270.

437.

CINATHUS, poet of Chios, XXI. 466.
CINCHONA, tree and bark, v. 780; XX.
184; cultivation of, in India, III. 568;
XII. 751; on the Himalayas, XI. 833;
in Peru, XVIII. 673.

XXIII. 457.

CINCHONIDINE, alkaloid in cinchona, CIONOCRANIA, suborder of lizards, XIV.
XX. 185.

CINCINNATI, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v. 780;
XVII. 737; population, XXIII. 822;
libraries, XIV. 535, 550; observatory,
XVII. 715.

CINCINNATUS, Lucius Quinctius, Roman
hero, V. 784.

CINCLUS, genus of birds, XVIII. 75.
CINCTUS GABINUS, in Roman costume,

X. 2.

733.

CIPHER-WRITING, VI. 669.
CIPOLLINO, mineral, XVI. 397.
CIPRIANI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
painter, V. 787.

CIRCAR, province, India, v. 787.
CIRCASSIA, region of the Caucasus, v.
787.

CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGE, Dictionary of the, VII. 190.

CINDER, in iron smelting, XIII. 296, CIRCASSIANS, race of people, v. 257;
306.
Kuban tribes of, XIV. 150.

CICLATOUN, variety of gold cloth, XXIII. CINEAS, adviser of Pyrrhus, v. 785; XX. CIRCE, in Greek mythology, V. 789;

CIENFUEGOS, Nicasio Alvarez de, Span-
ish poet, V. 775; XXII. 361.
CIGAR, V. 775; XXIII. 426; Cuban, vi.
681; manufacture of, in Philippine
Islands, XVIII. 751.

CIGARETTES, v. 776; XXIII. 426.
CIGNANI, Carlo, Italian painter, v. 776.
CIGOLI, Luigi Cardi da, Italian painter,
v. 776.

CILIATA, class of Protozoa, XIX. 861.
CILICIA, ancient province, Asia Minor,
v. 776, 75; coins of, XVII. 648.
CILICIAN GATES, pass, Asia Minor, II.
705.

CIMABUE, Giovanni, Italian painter, v. 778; XXI. 434; his method of frescopainting, IX. 770.

CINERARY URNS, XIX. 602, 623.
CINNA, Lucius Cornelius, Roman consul,
V. 785; XX. 760.

Corneille's play, VI. 420.
CINNABAR, mineral, V. 785; XVI. 32,
393.

of Pliny, resin, VII. 389.
RED, pigment, XIX. 87.

CINNAMON, spice, v. 785; cultivation of,
in Ceylon, v. 369; as incense, XII. 718. |
STONE, mineral, XIII. 532; XVI.

4II.

XV. 202.

CIRCEII, ancient town, Italy, v. 789. CIRCESIUM, town, Mesopotamia, XVI. 48.

CIRCLE, in geometry, X. 380; mensuration of the, XVI. 17; Archimedes on, II. 380; ratio of circumference to diameter, XXII. 434; XXIII. 563; squaring of the, XXII. 433.

Transit, astronomical instrument,
XXIII. 515.

CIRCLES, Stone, ancient, XXI. 51; in
Peru, II. 451.

CIRCUIT, in law, v. 789.

CINNAMUS, Joannes, Byzantine historian, CIRCUITS, Telegraphic, XXIII. 122.

IV. 613.

CINNYRIS, genus of birds, XXII. 652.
CINO DA PISTOIA (Guittoncino de'
Sinibuldi), Italian poet and jurist, V.
786; XIII. 502.

CINOSTERNIDÆ, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.

CINQ-MARS, Vigny's romance, XXIV.
226.

CINQ-MARS, Marquis de, French
courtier, V. 786; conspiracy of, IX.
570.

CINQUA MIGLIA, plain, Italy, XIII. 438. CIMA DEL MERCEDARIO, mountain, CINQUECENTO, Period of the, in archiChili, v. 616.

CIMAROSA, Domenico, Italian musical composer, V. 779; XVII. 99.

tecture, II. 436, 438; Arabesque of
the, II. 234.

WORK, in cameos, IV. 739.

Telephonic, XXIII. 132.

CIRCULATION, Capillary, of the blood,
XXIV. 105; Malpighi's discovery of,
XV. 338.

Osmotic, in plants, XIX. 46.

OF THE BLOOD, I. 899; XXIV. 98; Harvey's discovery of, XI. 503; XV. 810; in mammals, xv. 364. CIRCUMCELLIONES, Eastern ascetics, XVI. 701.

CIRCUMCISION, v. 789; among the Bechuanas, III. 478; among the Malagasy, XV. 173.

CIRCUS, Roman, V. 791; X. 65; xx. 829.

-, genus of birds, XI. 491. CIRENCESTER, town, England, v. 792;

CITY OF GOD, Augustine's work, III. 78. | CLAN, V. 799; marriage relationships in,
CIUDAD BOLIVAR, town, Venezuela, II.

CISMONTANE PRINCIPLES, of Roman CIVILIS, Claudius, Germanic leader, X.

CITHERON, mountain, Greece, v. 794; CIVOLI, or Cigoli, Luigi Cardi da,
III. 58.

CLADOTRICHEÆ, group of Schizomy- CLARINO PART, trumpet music, XXIII.

CITTÀ DI CASTELLO, town, Italy, v.
795; XX. 275.
CITTADINI, Celso, Sienese historian, CLAIR-ON-EPTE, France, Treaty of (912),
XXII. 43.

CITTÀ VECCHIA, town, Malta, V. 796; CLAIRVAUX, France, Monastery of, 1. 15;
XV. 340.
CITY, V. 796; county of a, VI. 513; in-
corporated, in United States, XXIII.
827; municipal, XVII. 27, 31.

CLARKE, Samuel, English philosopher | CLAUSTHAL, town, Prussia, XIV. 108.

and theologian, v. 810; Butler's correspondence with, IV. 582; on deism, XXIII. 234; his conception of ethics, VIII. 598.

Captain William, American explorer, XIV. 494.

W. B., on the geology of Australia,
III. 108.
CLARKE'S FORK, river, Montana, U.S.A.,
XVI. 772; XXIII. 797.
CLARK'S FILAR MICROMETER, XVI.
245, 247.

CLARKSON, Thomas, English philan-
thropist, v. 813; XXII. 139; his rela-
tions with Wilberforce, XXIV. 565.
CLARUS, Julius, on the infliction of tor-
ture, XXIII. 466.

CLAUSTHALITE, mineral, XVI. 391.
CLAUSTHAL TURN-TABLE, ore-dressing
machine, XVI. 59.
CLAVELINIDE, family of Tunicata,
family of Tunicata,
XXIII. 609.
CLAVERHOUSE, John Graham of, Vis-
count Dundee, VII. 536; XXI. 516.
CLAVERING, Captain, Arctic explorer,
XIX. 319.
CLAVICHORD, musical instrument, XIX.

65.

CLAVICIMBALUM, musical instrument,
XIX. 67.

CLAVICITERIUM, musical instrument,
XIX. 70.

CLAVICLE, or Collar-bone, anatomy of, I.
826.

CLAVICORNES, group of beetles, VI. 131.
CLAVIÈRES, Etienne, Mirabeau's col-
laborator, XVI. 497.
CLAVIGO, Goethe's play, X. 726.

CLASS DISTINCTIONS, V. 186.
CLASSICS, Early editions of the, III. 655.
CLASSIFICATION, Botanical, III. 683;
XVI. 845; XX. 421; XXII. 372.
Zoological, II. 49; III. 683; XVI. CLAVIJO, Ruy Gonzalez de, Spanish
845; XXII. 372; XXIV. 805.
CLAUBERG, John, German philosopher,
v. 814; VII. 126.

CLAUDA, island, Crete, VI. 570.
CLAUDE of France, daughter of Louis
XII., IX. 555.

of Lorraine (Claude Gelée), French painter, v. 814; Turner's rivalry of, XXIII. 664.

of Lorraine, founder of the Guise family, XI. 265.

Jean, French Protestant writer, v. 814.

CLAUDET, Antoine François, French photographer, v. 815.

CLAUDIANUS, Claudius, Roman poet, v. 815; his place in Roman literature, XX. 727.

CLAUDIA PROCULA, wife of Pontius

Pilate, XIX. 89.

traveller, v. 817; X. 179; XXII. 354.
CLAVIS UNIVERSALIS, Arthur Collier's
work, VI. 143.

CLAVIUS, Christopher, his calculations
for the Gregorian calendar, IV. 671;
on prosthaphæresis, XVII. 183.
CLAWS, of animals, XXII. 107; XV. 348.
CLAY, X. 237; XVI. 424; for brick-mak-
ing, IV. 280; for pottery and porce-
lain, XIX. 600; used as food, by
Indians, 1. 703; burnt, used as manure,
1. 351; in England, VIII. 229; red,
deposits of, in Pacific, XVIII. 123.
Cornish, or China, XIV. 1.
Fire, IX. 238.

London, geological formation, X.
361; XVI. 279.

Henry, American politician, V. 817; XXIII. 762, 764, 770. CLAVEATERS, tribe of Indians, I. 703.

CLAUDIOPOLIS (Klausenburg), ancient CLAY IRONSTONE, XIII. 287.

town, Hungary, XIV. 107.

CLAUDIUS, Appius Cæcus, Roman patri- CLAYTON'S BRICK-MAKING MACHINES,

cian, v. 816.

v. 816.

CLAYMORE, Weapon, XXII. 801.

IV. 282.

v. 818.

VII., pope, v. 822; XIII. 482; xv. 787; XIX. 502; his attitude towards the Reformation, XX. 328.

VII., antipope, xx. 803.

VIII., pope, v. 822; XIX. 505; his opposition to Father Sarpi, XXI. 311. IX., X., popes, V. 822.

XI., pope, V. 822; XIX. 507.
XII., pope, v. 823.

XIII., pope, v. 823; XIX. 507; his relations to the Jesuits, XIII. 654.

XIV., pope, v. 823; XIX. 507; his measures against the Jesuits, XIII. 655.

of Alexandria, V. 819, 8; XI. 745; XVII. 128.

of Rome, II. 195; X. 814; XIX. 489. François, French historian, v. 823. CLEMENTI, Muzio, Italian musical composer, v. 823.

CLEMENTINE LEAGUE, XX. 328.

CLEMENTINES, The, early work on the
church, II. 196.

CLEMMYS, genus of chelonian reptiles,
XXIII. 457.

CLEOBULUS, Greek sage, v. 824.
CLEOMENES I., king of Sparta, v. 824.

III., of Sparta, V. 825; XVIII. 790.

Appius Crassus, Roman decemvir, CLAZOMENÆ, ancient town, Asia Minor, CLEON, Athenian leader, v. 825.

Birkenhead, England, III. 780. CLAUSEL, Bertrand, French general, 1. 567.

CLAUSENBURG, town, Hungary, XIV. 107.

CLEARING NUT, XVII. 664.

CLEOPATRA I.-VI., queens of Egypt,
VII. 746, 747.

VI., queen of Egypt, v. 826; vii.
747; XX. 769; her relations with
Mark Antony, II. 141.
CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLES, 1. 495; II. 390;
VII. 768; XVII. 703.
CLEOPATRIS, ancient town, Egypt, XXII.

620.

CLEOPHAS, or Clopas, of Scripture, XIII. 552.

CLEAVAGE, in crystals, VI. 672; in CLEPH, king of the Lombards, XIV.

rocks, X. 261, 306, 372; XVI. 378. CLEDDY, river, Wales, XVIII. 481. CLEIRAC, on the sea laws, XXI. 583.

CLAUSIUS, Rudolf J. E., his theorem in CLEITOPHON, Leucippe and, classical dynamics, III. 39.

romance, XX. 636.

CLAUSSEN, or Claussön, Peder, Norse CLÉMENGES, Nicholas de, on corrupwriter, VII. 90; XVII. 589.

tions in the church, XX. 320.

814.

CLEPSINIDÆ, subfamily of leeches, XIV.

404.

CLEPSYDRA, hydraulic clock, v. 826.
CLERC, Jean le, or Clericus, XIV. 397;
his Parrhasiana, I. 785.
CLERESTORY, in architecture, 11. 462.

CLERGY, V. 826; an estate of the realm of England, VIII. 557.

Benefit of, in law, V. 827. CLERGYMAN'S SORE THROAT, XXIII. 320.

CLERICIS LAICOS, papal bull, IX. 544. CLERICUS (Jean le Clerc), Protestant theologian and writer, XIV. 397; I. 785.

CLERKENWELL PRISON, London, XIV.
834.

CLERK'S GAS-ENGINE, XXII. 524.
CLERMONT, Count of, French general,
IX. 589.

CLINTON, Sir Henry, British general, | CLOT, Antoine, French physician, vI.
XXIII. 744.
37.

- Henry Fynes, English scholar,, Bernat des, Catalan chronicler,
VI. 7.
XXII. 363.

CLINTONITE, mineral, XVI. 413.
CLIO, Muse of history, XVII. 74.
CLIONE, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 667.
CLIPPING, of coins, XVI. 482.
CLISSON, Oliver, constable of France,
IX. 548.

CLOTH, dressed by calendering, IV. 682;
painted, in wall decoration, XVII. 37;
printing on, IV. 684; trade in, at
Leeds, XIV. 407; weaving of, XXIV.
463, 466; ancient weaving of, XXIII.
206; woollen, XXIV. 661.

CLISTENTERATA, group of Brachiopoda, CLOTHING, in relation to health, XII.

IV. 189, 194.

CLISTHENES, tyrant of Sicyon, XXII. 32.
CLITANDRE, Corneille's play, VI. 420.
CLITARCHUS, on the taking of Perse-
polis, XVIII. 559.

CLITHEROE, town, England, VI. 7.
CLITO, William of, son of Robert of
Normandy, IX. 539.

EN BEAUVOISIS, town, France, v. 828; XVII. 749. CLERMONT-FERRAND, town, France, v. 828; church of Notre-Dame-du-Port, II. 456; monastery, I. 20; opium cultivation, XVII. 792. CLITOMACHUS, Greek philosopher, VI. 8. CLERMONT-L'HÉRAULT, town, France, CLITOR, ancient town, Greece, VI. 8. CLITUS, killed by Alexander, I. 483. CLERMONT MANUSCRIPT, of the Scrip- CLIVE, Lord, of Plassy, vI. 8; in India, tures, V. 9.

V. 828.

CLEVEDON, town, England, XXII. 258. CLEVELAND, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v. 828; XVII. 737; population, XXIII. 822.

Duchess of, her relations with Wycherley, XXIV. 706.

Grover, president of the United
States, XXIII. 785.

John, English poet, v. 829.
BAYS, breed of horses, I. 385.
MONUMENTS, at Bhagalpur, India,

III. 626.

CLEVES, town, Prussia, v. 829.
CLICHY, town, France, VI. 1; XXI. 624.
CLIENT, Patron and, Roman relationship
of, XVIII. 412; XX. 669, 736.
CLIFDEN, village, Ireland, x. 56.
CLIFF, hills, Lincolnshire, England, XIV.
653.

CLIFFORD, Rosamond (Fair Rosamond),
mistress of Henry II., XX. 848.

W. K., on evolution, VIII. 765. CLIFFORT, George, friend of Linnæus, XIV. 673.

CLIFTON, town, England, VI. I. CLIMATE, VI. I; science of, XVI. 114; adaptation of animals and plants to, 1. 84; affected by cosmical causes, X. 218; James Croll on, X. 218.

XII. 800; at siege of Arcot (1751), II.
478.

CLOACE, sewers, Roman, XX. 814.
CLÖBBERGOLL, social institution, Pelew
Islands, v. 126.

CLOCK, VI. 13; XXIII. 392; driving, for
telescope, XXIII. 154; hydraulic, v.
826.
CLOCK-MAKING, in Switzerland, XXII.

779.

568; of British army, 11. 588. CLOTILDA, St, wife of Clovis, VI. 37; IX. 529.

CLOTTED CREAM, VI. 771.

CLOUDS, XVI. 126, 138; their connexion
with the aurora, III. 91.

The, of Aristophanes, II. 508.
CLOUGH, Arthur Hugh, English poet,
VI. 37.

CLOVER, first introduced by Weston, I.
297; culture of, 1. 375.

SEED, I. 383.

CLOVES, tree and fruit, VI. 38; XII. 817;
yield of, in Amboyna, 1. 661.
CLOVESHOE (Abingdon), England, Synod
of (747), VIII. 371.

CLOVIO, Giulio, Italian painter, VI. 38.
CLOVIS, king of the Franks, IX. 528; X.
476; XVIII. 287; conversion of, XX.
378.

CLOWES, John, Swedenborgian clergy-
man, XXII. 760.

192.

CLODION, Claude Michel, French sculp-
tor, XXI. 563.
CLODIUS, Christian August, his relations CLOWN, jester, IX. 366.
with Goethe, X. 722.

,William, Methodist preacher, XVI.

Publius, Roman tribune and dem-
agogue, XVI. 323; XX. 765; his oppo-
sition to Cicero, V. 771.
CLODOALD, or Cloud, founder of St
Cloud, France, XXI. 160.

CLOEON, insect, larval stage of, VIII.
457.

CLOGG ALMANACS, I. 590.
CLOG-SHOES, XXI. 830.
CLOISONNÉE, partitioned artistic work,
in enamelling, VIII. 183; XIII. 679; in
mosaics, XVI. 850; Japanese, XIII. 591.
CLOISTER, VI. 35; I. 12.
CLONCURRY, district, Queensland, xx.

172.

CLONES, town, Ireland, XVI. 718.

churches, XIV. 87.

CLOYNE, town, Ireland, vi. 38.

CLUB, CLUBS, early types, VI. 38; XI.

259; modern, VI. 41; the Kit-Cat,
XIV. 103; rowing, XXI. 31; scientific
and literary, XXII. 221; social, vi. 38.
CLUB-FOOT, VI. 42.

CLUB-HAULING, of ships, XXI. 600.
CLUB-MOSSES, XV. 95.

CLUFF, English Plymouthist, XIX. 239.
CLUGIA (Chioggia), town, Italy, v. 674.
CLUGNI, or Cluny (q.v.), town and abbey,
France, I. 14; V. 794; VI. 43.
CLUNIAC MONASTERIES, I. 14.
CLUNIAC MONKS, V. 793.
CLUNY, town, France, 1. 14; VI. 43;
monastery of, V. 794; XVI. 708; library
in, XIV. 513.

MUSEUM, Paris, XVIII. 282.
CLUPEA, genus of fishes, XI. 764; XVI.
10; XIX. 90, 275; XXI. 726; XXII.
432.

CLIMAX, mountain pass, Asia Minor, CLON MACNOISE, Ireland, its seven
XV. 93.
CLIMBERRUM (Auch), ancient town, CLONMEL, town, Ireland, VI. 36; xxIII.
France, III. 67.
406.
CLINE, Henry, his experiments in vac- CLONTARF, Ireland, Battle of (1014), CLUSIUM (Chiusi), ancient town, Italy,
XIII. 254; XXI. 479.
v. 676; VIII. 635.
CLOONFINLOUGH, Ireland, Crannog of, CLUSIUS (Charles de l'Escluse), on the
VI. 552.
potato plant, XIX. 594.
CLOOTZ, Jean Baptiste, Baron, French CLUTHA, river, New Zealand, XVII.
Revolutionist, VI. 37.
467.

cination, XIII. 623.

CLINICAL THERMOMETER, XXIII. 292.
CLINKSTONE, rock, X. 234.
CLINOCHLORE, mineral, XVI. 414.
CLINOCLASE, mineral, XVI. 406.
CLINTON, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vI. 7.
-, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., VI. 7.
De Witt, American statesman,
VI. 7.

CLOPAS, or Cleophas, of Scripture, XIII. CLUVER, Philip, German geographer,
552.
CLOSTER SEVEN, Prussia, Capitulation
of (1757), V. 74; VI. 706; IX. 588.

VI. 43.

CLYDE, river, Scotland, VI. 43; XIV.
250; XX. 395; dredging of, vII. 466;