434; VII. 34; his history of the Druids, | TOMBS, Ancient American, II. 452; | TONNERRE, town, France, XXIV. 746. VII. 478. Chinese, II. 449; ancient Egyptian, 865. OF THE CALIPHS, at Cairo, XVI. Juan Bautista de, Spanish architect, TOMEK, Vaclaff Vladivoj, Bohemian historian, XXII. 153. XVII. 197. TOLERATION, mouth of VIII. 540. TÖNNISTEIN, spa, Germany, XVI. 435. 222. TONSURE, Roman Catholic rite, XXIII. 443. TONTI, Lorenzo, inventor of tontine TONTINE, system of life insurance, TOLFA, Italy, Manufactory of alum at, TOM JONES, Fielding's novel, VIII. 430; TONTY, Henri de, French explorer, XIV. I. 645. 318. IX. 146. TOLI MONASTIR, town, Turkish Rou- TOMLINE, George Pretyman, Pitt's TOOKE, John Horne, English politician melia, XVI. 719. TOLISTOBOGII, tribe, Asia Minor, X. 18. TOLKAPPIYAM, Tamil grammar, XXIII. 43. TOLL, in law, XXIII. 436. tutor, XIX. 135. TOMLINE'S OBSERVATORY, Orwell Park, TOMMASEO, Niccolo, on St Catherine of AND THEAM, Cinque Port right, TOMMASI, Giugurta, Sienese historian, v. 786. TOLLENDAL, Baron de (Count de Lally), French general, XIV. 226; XII. 800. TOLLENS, Hendrik, Dutch poet, XII. 97. TOLLENSER SEE, lake, Prussia, XVII. 360. TOLLY, Michael Barclay de, Russian general, III. 370; XVII. 217. TOLLY'S NALA, canal, India, XXIII. TOLO BAY, Celebes, V. 287. XXII. 43. TOMMYSHOPS, for supply of goods to and philologer, XXIII. 444; on British finance, IX. 188. TOOLBRUNUP, mountain, Western Aus- TOOLOON, Mosque of, at Cairo, Egypt, TOOLS, their early use, VIII. 617; hand, TOMPA, Mihaly, Hungarian poet, XXIII. TOOMKOOR, district and town, India, 437; XII. 378. XXIII. 606. TOMSK, government, Siberia, XXIII. TOON, or Tun, town, Persia, XVIII. 627. 437; town, XXIII. 439. XIII. 271. TONE-BLOCKS, for printing, XXIII. 704. TOLOMEI, Bernardo, founder of order of TONEGAWA, river, Japan, XIII. 572. Olivetans, XVII. 764. --, Claudio, Sienese bishop, diplomatist, poet, and philologist, XXII. 43. TOLOSA (Toulouse), ancient town, France, XXIII. 485. -, town, Guipuzcoa, Spain, XI. 265. TOLS, Sanskrit school at Nadiya, India, XVII. 161. TOLSTOI, Counts, Russian writers, XXI. 108. TOLTECS, people of ancient Mexico, 1. 686, 691, 705; XVI. 208; XXIV. 759. TOLU, Balsam of, III. 293. TONES, in music, 1. 108; XVII. 78, 105. TOON-GYEEN, river, Siam, XXI. 850. TOORSHEEZ (Turshiz), district and town, TOOTH, XXII. 107. See also Teeth. TOPAZION, precious stone, XVIII. 534. TONGARIRO, mountain, New Zealand, TOPDAL ELV, river, Norway, XVII. 575. XVII. 466. island, Polynesia, IX. 779; XIX. 428. TOPE, fish, XII. 685; XXI. 774. Oates, XVII. 697. TONGE, Dr, his relations with Titus TOPELIUS, Zakris, Finnish poet, XXII. 758. TONG-KING, French colony, Eastern TOPES, sacred edifices of India, II. 394. TOLUCA, town, Mexico, XXIII. 437; TONGUE, Anatomy of the, 1. 895; sense TOLUENE, product of coal-tar distil lation, XXIII. 59. TOLYPEUTES, genus of edentate mammals, XV. 387. TOM, river, Siberia, XXIII. 439. Mount, Massachusetts, U.S.A., of taste in, XXIII. 79; of apes, II. 165; TONIC SOL-FA SYSTEM, of musical TONLE-SAP, lake, Siam, XXI. 851. AND POUNDAGE, customs duties, TÖPFFER, Rudolph, Swiss novelist, TOPHET, of Scripture, XVI. 696. TÖPLITZ, town and spa, Bohemia, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, XV. 522. TORCELLO, island, Venice, XXIII. 446; | TORRES VEDRAS, Portugal, Lines of, basilican cathedral at, III. 418. TORFÆUS, Thormod, Icelandic historian, TORGAU, town, Prussia, XXIII. 447; TORGOCH, fish, XXI. 223. TORGOD, Mongol tribe, IV. 710; XVI. 745, 749. VIII. 563; IX. 431; XXIV. 495. 135; in relation to mythology, XVIL 144, 151; to names, XVII. 169. TOTILA, Gothic king, XIII. 797; XVII. 233. TORRHEBUS, mythic king of Lydia, TOTLEBEN, Eduard Ivanovich, Russian TORRIANI, Milanese ruling family, XVI. TOTMA, town, Russia, XXIV. 283. 293. TORIBIO, St, Peruvian archbishop, TORRICELLIAN VACUUM, XXIII. 453. 217. TORMES, river, Spain, XXI. 203. TORMOHAM, suburb of Torquay, Eng land, XXIII. 451. XXIII. 453; XXI. 560. ΙΟΙ. TOTO, leader of a revolt at Rome, xx. TOTTEL'S MISCELLANY, XXII. 695. 476. TOUCAN, bird, xxIII. 476. TOUCH, Sense of, XXIII. 478; XL 554; nerves of, in man, 1. 897; organs of, in fishes, XII. 653; in mammals, XV, 367, 407. of minerals, XVI. 379. TORROGE, Arnold de, grand-master of TOUCHSTONE, XVI. 389. Knights Templars, XXIII. 161. TORNADOES, hurricanes, XVI. 129; in TORSHA, river, India, XXII. 51. North America, XXIII. 807. TORNATELLA, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 655. TORONE, town, Macedonia, XV. 138. TOROPETS, town, Russia, XX. 36. -, genus of fishes, XII. 649; XX. 299; electricity in, VIII. 3, 8; organs of touch in, XXIII. 478. BOAT, XVII. 285; XXIII. 451. TORQUATUS, Titus Manlius, Roman consul, XV. 492. Titus Manlius Imperiosus, Roman consul, XV. 492. TORQUAY, town, England, XXIII. 451. TORQUEMADA, Juan de, cardinal, learned Dominican, XXIII. 452. Tomas de, inquisitor-general, XXIII. 452; XIII. 93; his rules for torture, XXIII. 463. TORT, in law, XXIII. 454; VI. 587; in TORTOISE, reptile, XXIII. 455, olfactory TORTOISESHELL, XXIII. 460; combs TOUCOULEURS, Negro race, Senegambia, TOUGHENED GLASS, Manufacture of, X. TOUL, town, France, XXIII. 483. town, France, XXIII. 484; academy of floral games at, 1. 69; observatory, XVII. 712; university, XXIII. 838. TOUNG-NGU, district and town, Burmah, XXIII. 486. TOUQUES, river, France, XVIII. I. Jacques de la, abbot of La Trappe, XXIII. 524. Maurice Quentin de la, French pastel painter, XXIII. 486. TORTOLA, island, West Indies, XXIV. TOURACO, bird, XXIII. 487. TORTON, Peter, his longevity, XIV. TORTONA, town, Italy, XXIII. 460. 192. TORRE ABBEY, at Torquay, England, TORTRIX PILLERIANA, vine pest, XXIV. TOURBILLION, in pyrotechny, xx. 136. TOURCOING, town, France, XXIII. TOURGUENIEFF, Ivan, Russian novelist, town, Italy, TORTURE, Legal aspects of, XXIII. 460; TOURNAI, town, Belgium, XXIII. 488. in China, V. 669. TORRE DE CEREDO, mountain, Spain, TORY ISLAND, Ireland, XIII. 216. XXII. 294. TORRE DEL GRECO, town, Italy, XXIII. 452. TORRELAVEGA, town, Spain, XXI. 297. TORRENS, river, South Australia, XXII. 284. Robert, English economist, XIX. 377. TORRENT DUCK, bird, XVI. 36. TORRES, Luis Vaez de, Spanish navigator, III. 103; X. 185. STRAITS, between New Guinea and Australia, XVII. 386; XX. 171. TORY PARTY, in England, VIII. 350, TOURNAMENTS, mediæval combats, XXIII. 489; Eglinton tournament (1839), VII. 699. TOURNAY, town, Belgium, XXIII. 488. TOSEPHTO, piece of Jewish literature, TOURNEBOUT, musical instrument, XVI. 506. XXIII. 489. TOSTIG, earl of Northumbria, VIII. 290, TOURNEFORT, Joseph Pitton de, French 291; XI. 485, 486. TOTAL ABSTINENCE SOCIETIES, XXIII. TOTANUS, genus of birds, XI. 173; XX. 359. TOTEMISM, XXIII. 467; XV. 91; XXI. botanist, XXIII. 490; his classification TOURNEUR, Cyril, English tragic poet, TOURNIQUET, surgical instrument, XXII. TOURS, town, France, XXIII. 491; defeat of Saracens near (732), V. 428. TOUS-LES-MOIS, variety of arrowroot, | TRACHYPTERIDÆ, family of fishes, XVII. II. 631. TOUSOON BEG, his expedition against the Wahhabees, II. 261; VII. 764. TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE, Pierre Dominique, Haytian liberator, XXIII. 492; XI. 545; XXII. 140. TOUZLA, river, Turkey in Asia, XXIII. 578. Tovi, Danish thane, XXIV. 340. The, London, XIV. 839, 843. Beauchamp, his spherical steamengine, XXII. 516. 821. HAMLETS, district, London, xiv. OF BABEL, Legends of, III. 179. TOWERS, Round, XXI. 22; of Ireland, II. 429; at Abernethy, Scotland, 1. 46. TOWEYK, mountains, Arabia, II. 239. TOWN, TOWNS, IV. 62; V. 796; XVII. 27; American, XXIII. 731, 827; English, growth of, VIII. 276, 303. TOWNELEY PLAYS, early English collection, VII. 414. TOWN-MOOT, Saxon, XVIII. 302. TOWNSHEND, Second Viscount, English statesman, XXIII. 492. , Charles, English politician, XXIII. 493. TOWNSHEND'S ACTS (1767), English, XXIII. 738. TOWNSHIP, Legal theory of the, XIV. Tow-PATH, by canals, IV. 785. VII. 685; XXIV. 381. XIX. 399. TOXIC DISEASES, XVIII. 406. TOXICOLOGY, branch of medicine, xv. 796; XIX. 275. TOXOPHILITE SOCIETY, The Royal, II. 375. TRABISONDA, Italian poem, XX. 653. TRACERY, in architecture, II. 475. TRACHEA, respiratory organ, XX. 475; in relation to the voice, XXIV. 273; of mammals, XV. 365. TRACHEATA, class of Arthropoda, XVII. 116. TRACHELIA, group of beetles, VI. 133. TRACHINIE, Sophocles's drama, XXII. 273. TRACHINUS, genus of fishes, XXIV. 477. TRACHIS, town, ancient Greece, XXIII. 494. TRACHOMEDUSE, order of Hydrozoa, XII. 562. TRACHONITIS, province, Bashan, III. 410. TRACHYLITE, rock, X. 235. TRAINS, Railway, XX. 246. TRAJAN (Marcus Ulpius Traianus), Roman emperor, XXIII. 502; XX. 772; colleague of emperor Nerva, XVII. 353; his conquests in Armenia and Parthia, XVIII. 603; his relations with Pliny the Younger, XIX. 226; arch of, at Benevento, III. 561; basilica of, at Rome, III. 413; bridge of, across the Danube, IV. 329; column of, at Rome, XX. 827; wall of, in Bessarabia, III. 615. TRAJECTORY, of projectiles, XI. 301. TRAKEHNEN, Prussia, Government stud at, XX. 20. TRALEE, town, Ireland, XXIII. 505. TRALLIANUS, Alexander, Byzantine physician, XV. 804. TRAMORE, town, Ireland, XXIV. 401. FOR THE TIMES, XIV. 25; XX. 117. TRAMWAY, XXIII. 506; electric, XXIII. COUNCILS, XXIII. 501. TRADE-GUILDS, XI. 261. TRADE MARKS, XXIII. 498. TRADESCANT, John, founder of museum, Oxford, XVIII. 95; his collection of rarities, XI. 338. TRADESMEN, in relation to labour, XIV. 166. TRADE UNIONS, XXIII. 499; VI. 181; rise of, II. 213; effect of, on wages, XXIV. 311; in relation to tariff protec tion, IX. 759; in United States, XXIII. 786. TRADE-WINDS, The, XVI. 143; their influence on climate of America, I. 675. TRADING-COMPANIES, Acts dealing with, VI. 222. TRADITION, in relation to history, XII. 19. TRAFALGAR, Spain, Battle of (1805), VI. 146; VIII. 363; IX. 615; XVII. 323. TRAGACANTH, gum, XI. 275. TRAGEDY, VII. 395. TRAGULINA, group of ungulate mammals, XV. 430. TRAINED BANDS, of London, XXIV. 293. TRAINING, Physical, XI. 348; diet for, VII. 203; of horses, XII. 188. WALLS, of rivers, XX. 577. TRAIN OF IDEAS, in psychology, XX. 62; II. 730. TRAIN OIL, XXIV. 529. 495, 508; locomotive engines for, XXII. 522; early tramroads, XX. 223. TRANCE, XV. 277; XXII. 154. TRANI, town, Italy, XXIII. 509. TRANQUEBAR, town, India, XXIII. 509. TRANS-ALAI MOUNTAINS, Turkestan, XXIII. 633. TRANSBAIKALIA, province, Siberia, XXIII. 509. TRANSCASPIAN REGION, Russia, XXIII. 511. TRANSCAUCASIA, Russia, XXIII. 513. TRANSCENDENTALISM, its affinity with mysticism, XVII. 135; Kant on, XIII. 853. TRANSCENDENTALPHILOSOPHIE, Schelling's, XXI. 393. TRANSEPT, in architecture, II. 475. TRANSFER PAPER, Lithographic, XIV. 698. TRANSFORMATION, Animal, xv. 91. TRANSIT CIRCLE, astronomical instrument, XXIII. 515, 146. TRANSIT INSTRUMENTS, II. 766; X. 165; XXII. 719; XXIII. 146, 515; Roemer's invention of, xx. 620. TRANSITS, of Venus, II. 791, 796; XVIII. 247; stellar, II. 766. TRANSKEI (Kaffraria), territory, South Africa, XIII. 816. TRANSMIGRATION OF SOULS, XV. 91; XVI. 106; Pythagorean doctrine of, XX. 139. Compare Metempsychosis and Soul. TRANSOM, in architecture, II. 475. TRANSOXIANA, region, Central Asia, XVIII. IOI; Timur's rule in, XXIII. 399. TRANSPIRATION, in plants, XIX. 46. TRANSPLANTING, in horticulture, XII. 214, 239. TRANSPORT, Military, XXIV. 349; transport service of British army, II. 582. TRANSPORTATION, of convicts, XIX. 748, 750; to Siberia, XXII. 10. TRANSUBSTANTIATION, Eucharistic doctrine, VIII. 653; opposed by Beren TRANSVAAL, Country, South Africa, TREATIES, contracts between states, TRANSVERSE FLUTE, XXIII. 519. TRANSYLVANIA, principality, AustriaHungary, XXIII. 521; XII. 361; conquest of, by Walachia, XXI. 17; Unitarianism in, XXIII. 725. TRAP, for drain, IV. 467; for water-pipe, XXI. 714. TRAPANI, town, Sicily, XXIII. 522. TRAPASSI, Pietro (Metastasio), Italian dramatist and poet, XIII. 513; XVI. 103. TRAPEZIUMS, Mensuration of, XVI. 15. TRAPEZUS (Trebizond), town, Asia Minor, XIX. 459; XXIII. 533. TRAPPISTS, monastic order, XXIII. 522. TRAQUAIR CASTLE, Peeblesshire, Scotland, XVIII. 452. TRASIMENE, Lake, Italy, XIII. 440; battle of (217 B.C.), XI. 442. TRAS-OS-MONTES, province, Portugal, XXIII. 525. TRASTAMARA, Henry of, king of Castile, XIV. 255. TRAUSNITZ, Castle of, Bavaria, XIV. 281. TRAVANCORE, state, India, XXIII. 525. TRAVELLER, The, Goldsmith's poem, X. 762. TRAVELLER'S SONG, Anglo-Saxon poem, VIII. 403. TRAVELLER'S TREE, in Madagascar, XV. 170. XXIII. 530. TREBBIA, river, Italy, XIII. 436; battle of (218 B.C.), XX. 749. TREBELLIUS POLLIO, Augustan historian, III. 74. TREBIZOND, town, Turkey in Asia, XXIII. 533; province, XXIII. 653. Empire of, XXIII. 533. TREDEGAR, town, England, XXIII. 534- TREE-CREEPER, bird, XXIII. 534. TREE OF LIFE, of paradise, 1. 137, 138. TREE OF LIFE, arbor vitæ, II. 313. TREES, in forestry, IX. 397; culture of, II. 314, 321; garden, XII. 260; large, in California, IV. 704; XXI. 673; XXIII. 809; large, in Victoria, XXIV. 217. TREE SNakes, XXII. 195. 590; IX. 537. TREGELLES, Samuel Prideaux, English | TREUGA DEI, or Truce of God, xxiii. TREVES, town, Rhenish Prussia, XXIII. 552; university, XXIII. 842. TREMAREC, Kerguelen, French navi- TREVIRANUS, Gottfried Reinhold, gator, XIV. 49. TREMATODA, division of worms, XXIII. 535; their relation to tape-worms, XXIII. 54; parasitic forms, XVIII. 259. TREMBECKI, Stanislaus, Polish poet, XIX. 303. German naturalist, XXIII. 553; on evolution, VIII. 748. TREVISO, town, Italy, XXIII. 554; university, XXIII. 837. TREVITHICK, Richard, improver of steam-engine, XXIII. 554; XXII. 476. TRAVEMÜNDE, dependency of Lübeck, TREMBLEY, Abraham, Swiss naturalist, TRIADS, The, in Welsh literature, v. TREADLE, of loom, XXIV. 464; ancient, TRENCK, Franz, Baron von der, Austrian TREAD-MILL, or Treadwheel, in prison discipline, XIX. 755; its invention by Cubitt, VI. 683. TREASON, in law, XXIII. 525; VI. 588; in United States, XXIII. 751. commander, XXIII. 541. der, Friedrich, Freiherr von TREASURER, Lord High, of Great TRENT, river, England, XVII. 598. Britain, XXII. 458. TREASURE-TROVE, Law relating to, XXIII. 530. TREASURY, English state department, XXII. 458. TREAT, Captain Robert, early settler, town, Austria, XXIII. 543. Council of (1545-62), XXIII. 543; V. 416; XIX. 153, 504; decrees and canons of, VI. 564; Pallavicini's History of, XVIII. 189; Sarpi's History of, XXI. 312. 316. TRIAL, in law, XXIII. 555 TRIALOGUS, Wycliffe's work, XXIV. 711. TRIANGULATION, in geodesy, VII. 597, 599; X. 163, 167; XV. 522; in surveying, XXII. 697. TRIANONS, pavilions, Versailles, France, XXIV. 177. TRIASSIC ROCKS, in geology, X. 352. TRIBE, TRIBES, among primitive races, IX. 20; grouping in, VIII. 619; Irish and Gaelic, V. 799. TRIBES OF ISRAEL, Settlement of the, XVIII. 512. TRIBONIAN, Roman jurist, XXIII. 555; XIII. 793. TRIBONYX, genus of birds, XVI. 808. TRIBOULET, French jester, IX. 367. TRIBUNATE, Roman, XX. 736, 771. TRIBUNE, Roman public officer, XXIII. 556. TRIBUTE, in state finance, IX. 171. TRICAMARUM, near Carthage, North Africa, Battle of (533), XXIV. 59. TRICHECHUS, genus of carnivorous mammals, XV. 443; XXIV. 337 TRICHINA, genus of nematode worms, XXIII. 559. TRIMOUNTAINE, former name of Boston, | TRISTAN, romance, XX. 644, 647. Massachusetts, U.S.A., IV. 72. TRINCOMALEE, town, Ceylon, XXIII. 573. TRICHINOSIS, disease, XVIII. 270; in TRINGA, genus of birds, XIV. 129; XXI. the pig, XXIV. 206. TRICHOCEPHALUS, genus of nematode worms, XVII. 325; XXIV. 206. 260. TRINGGANU, district, Malay Peninsula, TRICHOMES, epidermal appendages of TRINIDAD, island, West Indies, XXIII. TRICHOPTERA, group of insects, XIII. 151. TRICHOSOMA, genus of nematode worms, TRICHYS, genus of rodent mammals, TRICKS, in white magic, XV. 207. XIX. 171, 174. TRICLASITE, mineral, XVI. 418. TRICOUPIS, Spiridion, Greek historian, XI. 152. TRIC-TRAC, game, III. 199. TRIDENTINI, Rhætian people, XX. 505. TRIDYMITE, mineral, XVI. 389; XXII. DA CUNHA, islands, South Atlantic, XXIII. 576; III. 18. TRINITARIANS, religious order, XXIII. TRISTRAM, or Tristan, romance, XX. 574. COLLEGE, Cambridge, IV. 730; TRITHIONIC ACID, v. 507. COLLEGE, Dublin, VII. 498. HOUSE, English corporation, XXIII. SUNDAY, XXIII. 574. TRIONYX, genus of turtles, XXIII. 457, TRIER (Treves, q.v.), town, Rhenish TRIPALMITIN, glyceride, XVII. 740. Richard Coeur de Lion, II. 147. TRIFORIUM, in architecture, II. 475. TRIGLA, genus of fishes, XI. 332. TRIGONOMETRICAL SURVEY, of India, TRILOBITE, crustacean, VI. 659. TRIPLE ALLIANCE, The (1668), IX. 576. 792. TRIPLITE, mineral, XVI. 407. town, Syria, XXIII. 576. 272. TRIM, town, Ireland, xv. 669; Irish TRIPTYCHS, three-leaved writing tablets, parliament at, XIII. 261. TRIMERA, group of insects, VI. 134; XIII. 150. TRIMERELLIDÆ, family of Brachiopoda, IV. 194. TRIMERESURUS, genus of snakes, XXII. 199. VII. 257; inscribed, XVIII. 143. TRIREME, ancient ship, XXI. 806. TRISAGION, doxology, VII. 384. TRISMEGISTUS, Hermes, of Egyptian mythology and Greek literature, XI. 750. TRISMUS, or Lockjaw, XXIII. 200. TRIMONTIUM (Philippopolis), Roman TRISSINO, Gian Giorgio, Italian poet, town, Thrace, XVIII. 753. XIII. 509. TRITICUM, genus of plants, XXIV. 531. TRITOMITE, mineral, XVI. 425. -, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 650. TRITONIS, epithet of Athena, II. 830. TRIUMPH, Roman public honour, XXIII. 577. TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, at Rome, II. 419; xx. 830. TRIUMPH OF LIFE, Shelley's poem, XXI. 794. TRIUMPILINI, Rhætian people, XX. 505. TROAD, district, Asia Minor, XXIII. 577; TROCMI, ancient tribe, Asia Minor, X. 18. genus of apes, II. 149. -, genus of birds, XXIV. 688. TROGON, bird, XXIII. 583; XX. 179. TROGOSITA MAURITANICA, wheat pest, XXIV. 536. TROGULIDES, family of arachnids, II. 279. TROGUS, Cnæus Pompeius, Roman his- Troilus and CRESSIDA, romance, XX. 639. TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, Shakespeare's play, XXI. 764. |