STAGHOUND, VII. 329. STAGIRA, or Stageira, town, Macedonia, STAHL, Georg Ernst, German chemist and physician, XXII. 444; V. 460; XV. 812; on fermentation, IX. 94; his theory of the soul, II. 55. STAIGUE FORT, Kerry, Ireland, XIV. 52. STAINED GLASS, Manufacture of, X. 666, 667. STAINER, Jacob, violin maker, XXIV. 245. STAIR, First Viscount, Scottish jurist and statesman, XXII. 444. First Earl of, Scottish lawyer and politician, XXII. 446. Second Earl of, British fieldmarshal, XXII. 446. STAIRS, in houses, IV. 454, 473, 497. STAKE, Hill of, Scotland, XX. 395. STALACTITES, Formation of, v. 266; in cavern of Adelsberg, Austria, I. 151; in Luray Cavern, United States, XV. 67. STALAGMITE MARBLES, XV. 529. in stable management, XII. 193. STALYBRIDGE, town, England, XXII. 446. STAMBOUL, or Constantinople (q.v.), VI. 303. STAMEN, of plants, IV. 135; XX. 424. STAMFORD, town, Lincolnshire, England, XXII. 446; newspapers of, XVII. 421. 447. town, Connecticut, U.S.A., XXII. BRIDGE, Yorkshire, England, Battle of (1066), VIII. 291; XI. 486. STAMMERING, defect of speech, XXII. 447. MICTURITION, XXIV. 191. STAMP ACT, English, of 1712, its effect on newspapers, XVII. 416; of 1765, 1. 708; its effect in American colonies, VIII. 357, 358; XXIII. 737. STAMP-COLLECTING, XIX. 588. STAMPS, STAMP DUTIES, XXII. 448. Postage, XIX. 585; collection of, XIX. 588. STANCHES, on rivers, XX. 573. STANCHIO (Cos), island, Asia Minor, VI. 444. STANCHION, in architecture, II. 473. STAND (Whitefield), town, England, XXIV. 551. STANDARD, London newspaper, XVII. STANTON, Edwin M'Masters, American statesman, XXII. 455. STANZ, town, Switzerland, XXII. 778; STANZA, in poetry, XIX. 271. STAR CATALOGUE, of Hipparchus, II. 749; Ulugh Bey's, II. 751; XXIII. 722; Sir W. Herschel's, XI. 765; Sir John Herschel's, XI. 769; Hessian, XXIV. 582. See also article Observatory. STARCH, XXII. 455; XIX. 54; in plants, Iv. 88; XII. 12; in lichens, XIV. 558; in malt, XV. 338; in nutrition, XVII. 676. See also article Dietetics. STANDARD UNIT OF VALUE, for money, STAR-CHAMBER, English court of justice, STANISLAU, town, Galicia, Austria, XXII. 450. STANISLAUS, or Stanislaw, St, of Poland, his murder, XIX. 286. or Stanislaw Leszczynski, king of Poland, XXII. 450; IX. 585; XVII. 171; XIX. 297. AUGUSTUS, of Poland, XXII. 450; XIX. 298, 453. STANKO, town, Cos, Asia Minor, VI. 444. STANLEY, town, Falkland Islands, IX. 14. Arthur Penrhyn, dean of Westminster, XXII. 450. sex, XXI. 722. STARLING, bird, XXII. 457. —, The, Norman Macleod's work, xv. 163. STAROBYELSK, town, Russia, XIV. 57. STARODUB, town, Russia, XXII. 458. STAR OF INDIA, Order of the, XIV. 124. STARO-KONSTANTINOFF, town, Russia, XXII. 458. STAR PEAK, mountain, Great Basin, U.S.A., XXIII. 798. STAR-ROUTES, mail scandals, United States, XXIII. 783. Edward Geoffrey Smith, earl of STARS, II. 744, 823; evolution of, XXII. Derby, VII. 109; VIII. 366. Henry M., African explorer, I. 248; X. 195; his search for Livingstone, XIV. 722. POOL, lake, Congo river, Africa, STANNEL, bird, XIV. 53. XXIII. 401. 651; velocity of light from, XIV. 586; classification of, according to, magnitude, XVIII. 840; measurements of, XVI. 250; new and variable, XXII. 651; parallax of, XVIII. 252; photometry of, XVIII. 840; their position as seen from the earth, X. 198; shooting, XVI. 106, 110; spectroscopic analysis of, II. 817; X. 215; XXII.651; the sun considered as a star, XXII. 645. STARTER, Jan Janssen, Dutch poet, XII. 94. STANS FORELAND, island, Spitzbergen, STARVATION, VII. 208; death from, XV. STANTHORPE, tin mines, Queensland, STAR-WORSHIPPERS, XXI. 128; 1. 697; XXII. 408. XX. 173. 781. XX. 364. STASSFURT, town, Prussia, XXII. 458; | STAUBBACH, waterfall, Switzerland, STATE PAPERS, XX. 310. STATER, Greek money, XVII. 632. STATES, Sovereign, XIII. 191. STATES-GENERAL, of France, IX. 544, 546, 552, 560, 562; of Paris (1614), IX. 566; in 1787, IX. 596; in 1789, IX. 596; XX. 602; Mirabeau's influence in, XVI. 945. of Holland, XII. 73. STATESMAN, The (Politicus), Plato's dialogue, XIX. 207. STATESMEN, landowners, Cumberland, England, VI. 698. States of thE CHURCH, Italy, XXII. 460. STATE SOVEREIGNTY, American, XXIII. STATIELLI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, XIII. 446. STATIONERS' COMPANY, London, IV. 39; their almanacs, 1. 591. STEEL-PENS, XVIII. 483; manufacture of, in Birmingham, III. 784. STEEL PLATE ENGRAVING, VIII. 439. STEEL WIRE, XXIV. 615. STEEL-YARD, weighing machine, III. 267. Merchants of the, Hanse merchants in England, XXII. 528; XV. 32. STEEN, Jan Havicksz, Dutch painter, XXII. 529. STEEPLE, in architecture, II. 473. STAURACIUS, son of emperor Nicephorus STEEPLE-CHASING, sport, XII. 203. I., XVII. 481. STAUROLITE, mineral, XVI. 408. STAUROTYPIDÆ, family of chelonian reptiles, XXIII. 457. STAVANGER, town, Norway, XXII. 471. STAVROPOL, government, Russia, XXII. 472; town, XXII. 472; XXI. 243. STEALING, in law, XXIII. 231. STEAM, Definition of, XI. 560; properties of, XXII. 483; VIII. 729; pressures of, at different temperatures, XI. 585; influence of its applications in commerce, VI. 206; Evans's application of, to land carriages, VIII. 726. STEERS ISLAND, Indian Archipelago, XXII. 653. STEFAN, Josef, on the diffusion of gases, XVI. 619. STEFANO, Tommaso, Italian painter, X. 608. STEFFANI, Agostino, Italian ecclesiastic, diplomatist, and composer, XXII. 529. STEFFENS, Henrik, Danish writer, VII. 92; XVII. 730. STEGOSAURIA, order of fossil reptiles, XX. 443. STEGOSTOMA, genus of sharks, XXI. 775. STEAMBOAT, XXII. 478. See Steam- STEIBELT, Daniel, German pianist and Ships. composer, XXII. 530. STEAM COLOURS, for calico printing, STEIER, town, Austria, XXII. 547. IV. 690. STEAM ENGINES, XXII. 473 (index, 526); STEAM-HAMMER, XI. 425; for iron STATIONERS' HALL, London, Copyright STEAM-SHIPS, XXI. 823; invention of, registry at, VI. 358. STATIONERY, XXII. 460. STATIONS, Railway, XX. 234. STATIRA, wife of Alexander, I. 484; XV. 142. Persian princess, XVIII. 576. STATISTICAL SOCIETIES, XXII. 226. STATISTICS, XXII. 461. III. 542; IX. 270, 817; XXII. 478; STATIUS, Cæcilius, Roman dramatist, STEATITE, mineral, XVI. 414. STEATORNIS, genus of birds, XI. 227. Publius Papinius, Roman poet, STEEL, XIII. 278; compressibility and XXII. 466; XX. 726. STATUARY, methods of its production, XXI. 571; in bronze, XVI. 72; IV. 366; in terra-cotta, XXIII. 193, 194. STATURE, as indication of race, II. III. STATUTE, in law, XXII. 468; in Roman law, xx. 670. MERCHANT, form of security, XXII. 471. OF LABOURERS, XIV. 168. STATUTES OF ELTHAM, XXI. 36. rigidity of, VII. 815; fracture of, XXII. 600; industry in United States, XXIII. 813; magnetization of, XV. 223, 260; strength of, XXII. 603; vII. 816; its use in building ships of war, XVII. 288; statistics of manufacture, XIII. 358. STEELBOYS RISING (1772), Ireland, XIII. 269. STEELE, Anne, English hymn-writer, XII. 593. Sir Richard, English dramatist and essayist, XXII. 527; as dramatist, VII. 436; his place in English literature, VIII. 426, 427; Addison's connexion with, I. 148. STEIERMARK (Styria), duchy, Austria, XXII. 613. STEIN, Charlotte von, friend of Goethe, X. 728. Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron vom, German statesman, XXII. 530; XX. II. Johann Andreas, German pianoforte maker, XIX. 72. STEINAMANGER, town, Hungary, XXII. 531. STEINBART, Gotthilf Samuel, German rationalist, XX. 290. STEINBOC, ungulate mammal, XII. 605. STEINER, Jakob, Swiss geometrician, XXII. 531. STEINHEIL, Karl August, his electric telegraph, XXIII. 113; his micrometer, XVI. 251. STEINHEILITE, mineral, XVI. 418. STEINHUDER MEER, lake, Hanover, Germany, XI. 446. STEINITZ, Wilhelm, German chessplayer, v. 602. STEINWAY, Henry Engelhard, piano forte maker, XIX. 77. STELIS, plant, XVI. 527. STELLA, wife of Pontano, Italian poet, XIX. 454. (Esther Johnson), friend of Dean Swift, XXII. 763. Goethe's play, X. 727. STENA, pass, in Macedonia, XV. 137. -- 53 STENCILLING, in house-painter's work, | STEPHEN, Sir James, English historical | STERNHOLD, Thomas, translator of the IV. 512. STENDAL, town, Prussia, XXII. 532. 554. STENIA, Greek festival, XXIII. 295. IX. 12. Nicolaus, Danish anatomist, I. 810; on crystals, VI. 672. STENODERMATA, group of bats, XV. 414. STENOGRAPHY, or Shorthand Writing, XXI. 836; in ancient MSS., XVIII. 164. STENOPHONOGRAPHY, A. Melville Bell's shorthand system, XXI. 840. STENORHYNCHINÆ, subfamily of carnivorous mammals, XV. 443. STENOSTOMA, genus of snakes, XXII. 192; XX. 454. STENOSTOMATA, group of Actinozoa, I. 132. STENYCLARUS, town, Messenia, Greece, XVI. 53. STEPHANITE, mineral, XVI. 395; XXII. 69. STEPHANOCEROS, genus of Rotifera, XXI. 4. STEPHANOVICH, Vuk, Servian writer, XXI. 691. STEPHAN'S COMET, VI. 193. III. 720; XVIII. 23; of mammals, XV. 358. STESICHORUS of Himera, Greek poet, STETHOGRAPH, for measuring movements of the chest, XX. 477. STETHOSCOPE, medical instrument, III. 100; its invention, XIV. 200; XV. 816. STET PROCESSUS, in law, XIX. 789. STETTIN, town, Prussia, XXII. 543. STEUART (Stuart, q.v.), Scottish royal family, XXII. 609. Sir James Denham, Scottish political economist, XXII. 544; XIX. 365. 376. general, XXIII. 790. STEUBENVILLE, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XXII. 544. STEVENS, Alfred, English sculptor, XXI. 561. Thaddeus, American politician, XXII. 544. STEVENSON, Alan and Thomas, their lighthouse improvements, XIV. 620, 621. David, Scottish civil engineer, XXII. 545; on reclaiming marsh lands, I. 405. Elizabeth Cleghorn (Mrs Gaskell), English novelist, X. 103. 542. John Hall, English humorist, XXII. Robert, Scottish civil engineer, XXII. 545. STEPHANURUS DENTATUS, animal STEREOMETER, hydrometer for soluble STEVINUS, Simon, Dutch mathematician, bodies, etc., XII. 542. STEREOSCOPE, optical instrument, XXII. 537; Porta's anticipation of, XIX. 526; lenticular, Brewster's, IV. 276; reflecting, Wheatstone's, XXIV. 588. STEREOSCOPIC MICROSCOPE, XVI. 272. STEREOTYPING, in printing, XXIII. 702; invention of, X. 127; V. 27; revival of, VII. 196. STERILITY, Human, XV. 778. Captain Edward, English journalist, XVII. 418; XXII. 541. John, English author, XXII. 541. STERLITAMAK, town, Russia, XXIII. 717. STERNA, genus of birds, XVII. 531; XXIII. 189. STERNBERG, town, Moravia, Austria, STEYR, or Steyer, town, Austria, XXII. XXII. 541. STERNBERGITE, mineral, XVI. 393. STERNE, Laurence, English humorist, XXII. 541; his place in English literature, VIII. 431. 547. STIBICONITE, mineral, XVI. 388. STIBNITE, mineral, II. 129; XVI. 394. STICHOMETRY, in ancient MSS., 1. 496; XVIII. 163. STICKLEBACK, fish, XXII. 548; parasite | STLIFANOS (Sliven), town, East Rou- | STOKE-UPON-TRENT, town, England, melia, Turkey, XXII. 160. of, XXIII. 540. STICKNEY, Sarah (Mrs Ellis), English| STOA PECILE, portico, ancient Athens, writer, VIII. 150. III. 4; XXII. 561. STIFFNESS, of a structure, XV. 750, STOAT, carnivorous mammal, VIII. 526; STIGMATIZATION, XXII. 548; of St STILL, for distillation, VII. 265. John, bishop of Bath and Wells, English dramatist, XXII. 550. STILLING, Heinrich (Johann Heinrich Jung), German mystic, XIII. 774; X. 541. STILLINGFLEET, Edward, bishop of Worcester, XXII. 551; his criticism of Locke, XIV. 754. STILLWATER, town, Minnesota, U.S.A., XXII. 551. STILL WATERS RUN DEEP, Taylor's comedy, XXIII. 96. STILPNOMELANE, mineral, XVI. 415. STIMULANTS, in diet, VII. 205; their relation to intoxicants, VII. 482. STING-RAY, fish, XX. 299. STINK-BIRD, XII. 28. STINK-POT, bird, XVIII. 712. STIPULATE, subclass of ferns, IX. 105. STIPULATION, in Roman law, xx. 694, 699, 709. STIPULES, of leaves, IV. 114. STIRABOUT, of oatmeal, XVII. 696. STIRLING, county, Scotland, XXII. 553; coalfield, VI. 53. town, Scotland, XXII. 554; battle of (1297), XXI. 487. Earl of (Sir William Alexander), Scottish poet and American colonist, I. 493; XV. 301. XV. 440; XIX. 331. STOBÆUS, Joannes, compiler of Greek extracts, XXII. 556. -, Kilian, Swedish naturalist, XIV.672. STOBI, town, Macedonia, XV. 137. STOCKADE, in fortification, IX. 424. STOCKBROKING, XXII. 557. STOCKDALE, Erskine's defence of, VIII. 530. VERSUS HANSARD, English libel case, IV. 758. STOCK-DOVE, VII. 379. STÖCKER, A., German socialist, XXII. 216. STOCK EXCHANGE, XXII. 556. STOCKHOLM, capital of Sweden, XXII. 557; academy, I. 73; library, XIV. 532; newspapers, XVII. 429; observatory, XVII. 714. -, county, Sweden, XXII. 741. STOCK IM EISEN, tree stump, Vienna, XXIV. 220. STOCKING-FRAME, its invention, XII. 299. STOCKINGS, hosiery, XII. 299. -, public securities, XXII. 556; XXII. 573. STOLBERG, town, Rhenish Prussia, XXII. 574. Count Christian, German poet, XXII. 574. Count Frederick Leopold, German writer, XXII. 574. STOLE, ecclesiastical vestment, VI. 461. Groom of the, in royal household, England, XXI. 37. STOLEN GOODS, in law, XIX. 562; XXIII. 233. STOLETOW, his experiments in magnetism, XV. 254, 255. STOLLBERG, town, Rhenish Prussia, STOLP, town, Prussia, XXII. 574. STOMATA, of plants, IV. 89; XII. 17. 560. AGE, in archæology, II. 122, 336. STONE CIRCLES, Prehistoric, II. 383; in AND DARLINGTON RAILWAY, Eng- STONE COAL, or Anthracite, II. 106. STOCKTON-ON-TEES, town, England, STONEHENGE, ancient stone circle, Eng- STOCKWORKS, metalliferous rocks, XVI. 442. land, XXII. 576; II. 383; XXI. 51. STONEHOUSE, town, England, XIX. 236. STONE MASONRY, IV. 468. STODART, Robert, pianoforte maker, STONE MONUMENTS, Rude, XXI. 50; in STODDART, Sir John, English journalist, XVII. 418. Polynesia, XIX. 428; in Porto Rico, XIX. 532. STONE-PINE, tree, XIX. 104, 105. James, joint-inventor of an air- STOFFELS, Hendrickie, Rembrandt's STONES OF VENICE, Ruskin's work, engine, I. 428; XXII. 522. James, Scottish mathematician, XXII. 555. Mr, his experiments on the germination of grass seeds, I. 370. -, Robert, his heat-regenerator, XXII. 483; joint-inventor of an air-engine, I. 428. CASTLE, Scotland, XXII. 555. STIRLING-MAXWELL, Sir William, Scottish man of letters, XV. 647. STITNY, Thomas of, Bohemian writer, XXII. 151. STJERNHJELM, Georg, Swedish poet, XXII. 754. mistress, XX. 376. STOICS, school of ancient philosophers, XXII. 561; ethics of, VIII. 583; logic of, XIV. 791; Stoicism of Persius, XVIII. 664. STOKE, Melis, Dutch writer, XII. 90. STOKE-NEWINGTON, district, London, XIV. 822. STOKER, Mechanical, XXII. 500; for smoke abatement, XXII. 181. STOKES, George Gabriel, on achromatic lenses, XVII. 804; XXIII. 143; on radiation, XX. 215; his experiments on viscosity, XIX. 248. William, Irish physician, xv. 816. XXIV. 151. STONEWALL JACKSON (Thomas Jonathan Jackson), American Confederate general, XIII. 534; XXIII. 777. STONEWARE, XIX. 601; Dutch, XIX. 630. STONE WEAPONS, II. 553. town, Connecticut, U.S.A., XXII. 576. STONO INLET, South Carolina, U.S.A., XXII. 287. STONYHURST COLLEGE, Jesuit settlement, Lancashire, England, XIII. 656; observatory at, XVII. 711. STOOKS, or Shocks, of corn, 1. 363. STOP-GATES, in canals, IV. 785. STOPS, Organ, XVII. 828. Nicolaus, German religious enthusiast, XV. 76; XVII. 32. STORIA D'ITALIA, by Guicciardini, XI. 256. STORK, bird, XXII. 577; parasites of, XVIII. 260. STORKS, Sir Henry, commissioner of Ionian Islands, XIII. 207. STORMARN, division of Holstein, XXI. 415. STORM-COCK, bird, XXIII. 322. STORMONT, district, Scotland, XVIII. 667. STORM-PETREL, bird, XVIII. 712. STORM RONDO, Steibelt's, XXII. 530. STORMS, XVI. 154; at sea, XVII. 275; in North America, XXIII. 806; in West Indies, XXIV. 511; in Indian Ocean, their connexion with sun-spots, XVI. 180. XIX. 272. STOWMARKET, town, England, XXII. 622. STRABANE, town, Ireland, XXIII. 713. STRABISMUS, or Squinting, XVII. 785; spectacles for, XXII. 372. STRABO, Greek geographer and historian, XXII. 580; X. 177; on ancient geography, XV. 516. or Strabus, Walafrid, German mediæval writer, XXIV. 320. STRACCHINO, kind of cheese, XVI. 292. STRADELLA, Alessandro, Italian composer and musician, XXII. 583. STRADIVARI, Antonio, violin maker, XXIV. 245. STRAFFORD, Earl of, English statesman, XXII. 584; V. 405; VIII. 347; his administration in Ireland, XIII. 266. STRAHLSTEIN, mineral, XVI. 417. STRAIN, in mechanics, XXII. 595, 598, 605; VII. 819; kinematics of, XV. 693; produced by magnetization, XV. 268; produced by longitudinal stress, VII. 806; on ships, XXI. 817. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, Malay Peninsula, XXII. 586, 92; XV. 322. STRALSUND, town, Prussia, XXII. 587. STRAMONIUM, narcotic drug, XVII. 231. STRAND, street, London, XIV. 847. STRANGE, Sir Robert, Scottish engraver, XXII. 588; VIII. 442. STORM-WARNINGS, XVI. 158. STORR ROCK, Skye, Scotland, XXII. 127. STORY, in architecture, II. 423, 474. Joseph, American jurist, XXII. 578; as writer, I. 722. STOSS, Veit, German sculptor, XVII. 663; XXI. 565. STOTHARD, Charles Alfred, English antiquarian draughtsman, XXII. 578. , Thomas, English painter, XXII. 578. XXIV. 563. STRANY, bird, XI. 262. STRASBURG, Strassburg, or Strasbourg, town, German Alsace, XXII. 588; council at (1531), XIX. 676; Louis Napoleon's affair at (1836), XVII. 227; invention of printing at, XXIII. 689; its bells, III. 538; cathedral sculptures, XXI. 564; library, XIV. 527, 547; observatory, XVII. 713; university, XXIII. 845, 851. TURPENTINE, IX. 225. STOU, mountain, Styria, Austria, XXII. STRASS, or Paste, in glass manufacture, 614. STOUT, malt liquor, IV. 275. Stove, xxii. 579; IX. 840; XI. 591; in garden hothouse, XII. 230; hotblast, XIII. 302; in relation to smoke abatement, XXII. 181. STOW, John, English historian and antiquary, XXII. 579. STOWAGE, of a ship, XXI. 597, 816. STOWE, Mrs Harriet Beecher, American writer, I. 727; her influence against slavery, XXII. 142. STOWELL, Lord, English judge, XXII. 580. x. 665. STRATA, of rocks, X. 292; in mines, 411. STRATEGY, Military, XXIV. 349; naval, XXIV. 364. STRATFORD, town, Ontario, Canada, XXII. 590. DE REDCLIFFE, Viscount, English diplomatist, XXII. 590. STRATFORD-LE-BOW, district, London, XIV. 822. STRATHCLYDE, Kingdom of, Scotland, XXI. 475. STRATHEARN, district, Scotland, XVIII. 667. STRATHPEFFER, spa, Scotland, XVI. 435. STRATIGRAPHY, in geology, X. 325. STRATO of Lampsacus, Peripatetic philosopher, XVIII. 545; on evolution, VIII. 757. STRATTON, Charles (Tom Thumb), American dwarf, VII. 568. STRAUBING, town, Bavaria, XXII. 591. STRAUCH, Alexander, on tortoises, XX. 441. STRAUSS, David Friedrich, German theological writer, XXII. 591; his criticism of the Gospels, II. 191; X. 841; his Leben Jesu, XIII. 670, 672; its influence on Baur, III. 448. STRAUSS-DURCKHEIM, Hercule, French entomologist, XXII. 592. STRAW, I. 358, 390, 395; manufactures of, XXII. 593; bleaching of, III. 821; use of, in paper-making, XVIII. 225; use of, for thatching, IV. 501. STRAWBERRY, plant and fruit, XXII. 592; XII. 276. HILL, Walpole's residence, Twickenham, England, XXIII. 674; XXIV. 334. LEAF, in heraldry, XI. 711. STRAW MANUFACTURES, XXII. 593STRAW-PLAIT, XXII. 593; 1. 358. STREAK, in crystals, XVI. 373. STREAM LINES, in theory of shipbuilding, XXI. 811. STREATHAM, district, London, XIV. 822. STREET, George Edmund, English architect, XXII. 594. STRATFORD-ON-AVON, town, England, STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, XXII. 594; XXII. 589; XXI. 741. STRATH, valley, in Scotland, XXI. 524. STRATHBOGIE, district, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, I. 44. 377. CASE, in Church of Scotland, v. VII. 816; of iron and steel, XIII. 353; James Thomson on, VII. 798. STREPSILAS, genus of birds, XXIII. 668. STREPTONEURA, division of Mollusca, XVI. 645. STRESS, in mechanics, XV. 693, 715, |