of Al-Basrah, Syriac writer, XXII. 855.

ISLANDS, South Pacific, XXII. 252; XV. 835.

SOLON, Athenian legislator, XXII. 253; XI. 96; XIX. 130.

SOLOTHURN (Soleure), canton, Switzerland, XXII. 250, 788; town, XXII. 250.

SOLOVIEFF, Sergius, Russian historian, XXI. 108.

SOLPUGIDEA, order of Arachnida, II. 280.

SOLTSY, town, Russia, xx. 36.

SOLUTION, physical process, VII. 217. SOLVYTCHEGODSK, town, Russia, XXIV.

283.

SOMERVILLE, part of Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., XXII. 260.

Mary, Scottish scientific writer,
XXII. 260.

SOMMA, Monte, precipice, Mount Vesu-
vius, Italy, XXIV. 195.
SOMMARIVA, political party, mediæval
Italy, XIV. 768.

SOMME, department, France, XXII. 261; river, IX. 506.

SOMMERFELD, town, Prussia, XXII. 261.

SÖMMERING, Samuel Thomas, anatomist, I. 816.

SOMMERS, Will, English court jester, IX. 366.

SOMNAMBULISM, XV. 280; XXII. 157. SOMNATH, town, India, XXII. 261; capture of, by Mahmud (1025), XV. 287.

or Somnauth, Gates of, at Agra, India, X. 560; VIII. 147. SOMNIUM SCIPIONIS, Cicero's, commented on by Macrobius, XV. 167. SOMOROSTRO, Spain, Mines of, III. 787. SOMPNOUR, in law, XXII. 642. SONATA, in music, XVII. 95.

SONDERBUND, Swiss league, XV. 40; XXII. 795.

SONNETS, Shakespeare's, XXI. 764.

Wordsworth's, XXIV. 676.

SONRHAI EMPIRE, of Timbuktu, Central Africa, XXIII. 391.

SONS OF LIBERTY, American revolu-
tionary organization, XXIII. 738.
SONTSOS, family of modern Greek poets,
XI. 151.

SOO-CHOW, or Soo-chow Foo, town,
China, v. 635; XXII. 617.
SOOR, town, Arabia, II. 255.
SOOREE (Suri), town, India, III. 697.
SOOT, as manure, I. 352; XV. 512; as
source of sal-ammoniac, I. 741.
SOOTHSAYERS, diviners, XIX. 727; XV.
199.

SOPENG, Kingdom of, Celebes, Indian
Archipelago, v. 289.

SOPH, En, the Deity in the Kabbalah, XIII. 811.

SOPHIA, town, Bulgaria, XXII. 246.

Roman empress, her insulting message to Narses, XVII. 234.

sister of Peter the Great of Russia, XVIII. 698; XXI. 96.

DOROTHEA, wife of George I. of England, XXII. 263.

SOPHISTES, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 207. SOPHISTRY, in Greek philosophy, XXII. 264.

(1542), XXI. 499.

SOLYMA, Mount, Asia Minor, XV. 94.
SOLYMAN, shah of Persia, XVIII. 639.

I., Turkish sultan, XXII. 251;
XXIII. 643; his relations with Persia,
XVIII. 636.

II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 645. SOMA, a drink, in Brahmanical ritual, IV. 205; as a deity, IV. 205; VII. 249.

SOMADEVA, Sanskrit tales, XXIII. 27. SOMALI, or Somal, people of Central

Africa, XXII. 255; I. 263; country, I. 150, 271. SOMATERIA, genus of birds, VII. 789; XIX. 252.

SOMATOTROPISM, in vegetable physiology, XIX. 60.

SOMBRERETE, town, Mexico, XXIV. 761.

SOMERS, Lord, lord chancellor of England, XXII. 256. SOMERSET, county, England, XXII. 257; coalfield, VI. 52.

Edward Seymour, duke of, protector of England, XXII. 259; VII. 686; as aspirant to English crown, VIII. 327; invasion of Scotland by, XXI. 500.

Robert Carr, earl of, favourite of James I. of England, XXII. 260.

Fitzroy James Henry, Lord Raglan, XX. 220.

HOUSE, London, II. 444; XIV. 838.

pality, Germany, XXI. 461.

SONDRIO, town, Italy, XXIV. 45.

SON FJELL, mountain, Sweden, XXII. 736.

SONG, of birds, III. 770.

in music, XVII. 84.

in poetry, XIX. 272. SONGARI, river, Siberia, I. 747. SONGARIA (Dzungaria), region, Central Asia, VII. 587; XXIII. 632, 639. SONG-COI, or Song-Koi, river, Cochin China and Tong-King, VI. 93; XXIII. 439.

SONG OF HIAWATHA, Longfellow's poem, XIV. 861.

Song of the SHIRT, Hood's poem, XII. 146.

SONG OF SOLOMON, or Canticles, V. 32.
SONG OF SONGS, or Canticles, V. 32.
SONG OF THE THREE HOLY CHIL-
DREN, in Apocrypha, 11. 181.
SONGS OF INNOCENCE, by Blake, III.
805.

sophy, XXII. 263; VIII. 576; XX. 514;
scepticism of, XXI. 378; Philostratus's
Lives of the, XVIII. 797.

SOPHOCLES, Greek dramatist, XXII. 271;
VII. 405; XI. 140.
SOPHONISBA, Carthaginian heroine, XV.
609.

SOPHORA, genus of trees, II. 320.
SOPHRON of Syracuse, Greek comedian,
XXII. 274, 16.

SOPHRONIUS, patriarch of Jerusalem, XVI. 758.

SOPRON (Oedenburg), town, Hungary, XVII. 730.

SOPRONIUM (Sopron), Roman town, Hungary, XVII. 730.

SORA, town, Italy, XXII. 275.

—, bird, XX. 223.

SORABI, or Sorbs (q.v.), XXI. 353.

SORANUS, anatomist of Ephesus, I. 804; in Rome, xv. 802.

SORATH, district, India, XIV. 15.
SORAU, town, Prussia, XXII. 275.
SORBENBURG, castle at Saalfeld, Ger-
many, XXI. 122.

SONNE, Danish painter, VII. 94. SONNEBERG, town, Germany, XXI. 348.

SONNENFELS, Joseph, Freiherr von, Austrian economist, XIX. 364. SONNENSTEIN, fortress, Saxony, XIX. 118.

SONNERAT, Pierre, on birds, XVIII. 7.

bonne, Paris, XVIII. 288; XXII. 275. SORBONNE, college, Paris, XXII. 275; IX. 543; XVIII. 280, 288. SORBS, Slavonic people, XXI. 353; XXII. 145, 147; language and literature of, XXII. 153, 154; dictionaries of language, VII. 188. SORCERY, or Magic, vII. 63; XV. 199; punishment for, XXIV. 619.

851; Vandals in, XXIV. 58; under Sertorius, XXI. 684; conquest of, by the Arabs, II. 258; XVI. 573, 579; the Armada, II. 543; discoveries of Columbus for, VI. 172; connexion of, with Holland, XII. 74; Inquisition in, XIII. 93; invasion of Italy by (1501), | XIII. 481; conquest of Mexico by, XVI. 214; invasion of, by Napoleon I., XVII. 213; Peninsular War (1808-12), IX. 616; revolt of Peru from, XVIII.678; in time of Philip II., XVIII. 744; relations with the popedom, VI. 242; XX. 324; domination over Portugal under Philip II., XIX. 547; influence of Renaissance in, XX. 389; Wellington's campaigns in, XXIV. 495; ancient agriculture of, I. 293; Arabian philosophy in, II. 268; Gothic architecture, II. 432; army, II. 613; birds, XVIII. 17; coalfields, VI. 58; coins of (ancient), XVII. 635; coins of (modern), XVII. 655; colonies, VI. 158; colonies in America, I. 708; occupation of Canary Islands, IV. 796; drama, IV. 660; VII. 419; forests, IX. 403; Jews in, XIII. 685; libraries, XIV. 532, 549; mines, XVI. 468; newspapers, XVII. 431; observatories, XVII. 713; oyster culture, XVIII. 108; periodical literature, XVIII. 543; pottery, XIX. 622, 628; prison system, XIX. 762; railways, XX. 251; weights and measures, XXIV. 490; wine industry, XXIV. 607. SPAIN, Era of, V. 715.

SPALACIDÆ, family of rodent mammals, XV. 419.

SPALACOTHERIUM, fossil mammal, XV.

376.

SPALATIN, George, German humanist

and Reformer, XXII. 365. SPALATO, town, Dalmatia, XXII. 366. SPALDING, town, England, XXII. 367. Solomon, writer of the Book of Mormon, XVI. 826.

William, Scottish logician and literary historian, XXII. 367; his logic, XIV. 800.

SPANISH LANGUAGE, XXII. 346; XIV. 340; XX. 668; dictionaries of, VII. 185. SPANISH LITERATURE, XXII. 352; early romances, XX. 653; Provençal, XIX. 872.

SPANISH MACKEREL, fish, XV. 159.
SPANISH MARRIAGES, Negotiation of
the, XXII. 346.
SPANISH PEPPER, vegetable, XII. 280.
SPANISH STUDENT, Longfellow's poem,
XIV. 861.

SPANISH SUCCESSION, Question of the, VIII. 352; IX. 575; XXII. 334; war of the, III. 126; IX. 580; X. 502; XIV. 466.

SPANISH TOWN, island, West Indies, XXIV. 261.

SPANISH TOWN, town, Jamaica, XIII. 550.

SPAR, mineral, XVI. 401, 415, 417. SPARK RECORDER, in telegraphy,

XXIII. 124.

SPARLING, or Spirling, fish, XXI. 223.
SPARROW, bird, XXII. 369.
SPARROW-HAWK, bird, XI. 534; skull
of nestling, III. 714.

Kestrel, bird, xiv. 54.
SPARS, of ships, XXI. 153, 594.
SPARTA, state, ancient Greece, XXII.
369; XI. 93, 102; contests with the
Achæan League, XVIII. 790; contests
with Megalopolis, XV. 827; relations
to the Olympian festivals, XVII. 766;
Peloponnesian War, XVIII. 533; rela-
tions with Persia, XVIII. 576; under
Cleomenes, v. 824; under Lycurgus,
XV. 95; army of, II. 560; nobility,
XVII. 527; slaves in, XXII. 131.
SPARTACUS, leader of Servile War,
Rome, XXII. 371; XX. 762.
SPARTANBURG, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., XXII. 288.

SPARTIANUS, Ælius, Augustan historian,

III. 74.

SPAS, Mineral, XVI. 433.
SPASM, or Cramp, VI. 543.
SPASO - MIROJSKII MONASTERY, at
Pskoff, Russia, XX. 36.

SPANÆMIA, or Anæmia (q.v.), disease,

XIII. 359.

SPANDAU, town, Prussia, XXII. 368.
SPANDREL, in architecture, II. 473.
SPANGENBERG, August Gottlieb, bishop
of the Moravian Brethren, XXII. 368.
SPANGLE GALLS, XII. 574.
SPANIEL, dog, VII. 328.
SPANISH BALLADS, Lockhart's, XIV.
763.

SPANISH DRAMA, IV. 660; VII. 419.
SPANISH FLIES, or Cantharides, v. 31;

VI. 133; XIX. 278. SPANISH FOWLS, I. 401.

SPANISH GRASS, or Esparto, VIII. 547. SPANISH HEAD, promontory, Isle of Man, XV. 450.

116.

town, Tamboff, Russia, XXIII. 41. SPATHA, ancient Roman sword, II. 554. SPATHOSE IRON ORES, XIII. 287. SPATULA, genus of birds, XXI. 842. SPAWNING, of fish, IX. 244; of salmon,

XXI. 224.

SPEAKER, of House of Commons, XVIII. 311.

SPEAKING AUTOMATA, XV. 208.
SPEAKING TRUMPET, XXIII. 594.
SPEAR HEADS, Ancient, II. 553.
SPEARMINT, plant, XVI. 491.
SPECIAL PLEADING, in law, XIX. 218.
SPECIE, Cost of remittance of, VIII.
792.

SPECIES, in logic and biology, xxII. 372; relation of, to genus, XXIV. 78;

origin of, III. 689; VIII. 749; XXIV. 76, 817. SPECIES, Origin of, Darwin's book, III.

689; VIII. 749, 764; XXIV. 77, 81, 817. SPECIFIC GRAVITY, XII. 536; of metals, table of, XVI. 66. Compare XII. 541. SPECIFIC HEAT, XI. 576. SPECTACLES, or Eye-Glasses, XXII. 372; XVI. 258.

SPECTATOR, serial essays by Addison,
Steele, etc., I. 148; VIII. 427; XVII.
416; XVIII. 537; XXII. 528.
SPECTRA, of metals, XXII. 375.
SPECTRE INSECT, XIII. 152.
SPECTRES, II. 207; in conjuring, XV.
207; mountain, XI. 399.
SPECTROMETER, optical instrument,
XVII. 800.

SPECTROPHONE, telephonic instrument,
XXIII. 130.

SPECTROSCOPE, XXII. 373; XXIV. 425; investigation of molecules with, III.

42.

SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS, SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, XXII. 373; of the heavenly bodies, X. 215; of the aurora, III. 93; of comets, II. 815; of nebulæ, II. 821; of rainband, XX. 255; of stars, II. 817; of the sun, II. 787; XXII. 645; Fraunhofer's researches in, IX. 728; Plücker's, XIX. 230.

SPECTROSCOPY, or Spectroscopic Analysis (q.v.), XXII. 373.

SPECTRUM, in optics, XIV. 592, 595, 601; colours of, VIII. 823; of star in telescope, XXIII. 141.

EFFECTS, in photography, XVIII.

835. SPECULUM, telescopic metallic mirror, XXIII. 146; speculum metal, IV. 366. Majus, of Vincent of Beauvais, XXIV. 235.

JUDICIALE, Durandus's work, VII.

552. SPEECH, its laws and forms, XVIII. 765, 769; articulate, for deaf and dumb, VII. 8; parrot's, XVIII. 323. SPEECH-SOUNDS, XXII. 381; XVIII. 811. SPEED, in mechanics, XV. 680; of light,

XXIV. 458; rates of, on railways, XX. 246, 254; of ships, law of, XXI. 810; of sound, 1. 104; XXIV. 418; in telegraph signalling, XXIII. 125. SPEEN, village, England, XVII. 375. SPEGEL, Haquin, archbishop of Upsala,

SPELT, kind of grain, XV. 309. SPENCER, Third Earl, English statesman, XXII. 391.

Charles, third earl of Sunderland, English statesman, XXII. 658.

Herbert, on mental association, II. 733; on beauty, I. 224; on development, in embryology, XX. 422; on education, VII. 678; on evolution, VIII. 749, 764; on evolution in the fine arts, IX. 212; on government, XI. 9, 17; on heredity, IV. 245; his metaphysics, XVI. 100; his theory of mythology, XVII. 141; on philosophy, XVIII. 794; compared with Schopenhauer, XXI. 457.

Honora (Mrs Sharpe), on archery, II. 377.

Robert, second earl of Sunderland, English statesman, XXII. 657.

GULF, South Australia, XXII. 283. SPENCE'S METAL, XIII. 281. SPENER, Philip Jakob, German Pietist, XXII. 391; X. 532; XIX. 83. SPENNYMOOR, town, England, XXII. 392.

SPENSER, Edmund, English poet, XXII.

392; as pastoral poet, XVIII. 345; his place in English literature, VIII. 418. SPEOTYTO, genus of birds, XVIII. 91. SPERANSKI, Mikhail, Russian statesman,

XXI. IOI.

SPERENBERG, Prussia, Artesian well at, II. 646.

SPERMACETI, waxy substance from sperm whale, XXII. 395.

OIL, or Sperm Oil, xv. 396; XVII.

744; XXIV. 529.

WAX, XVII. 744.

SPHAGIA, island, Greece, XVII. 249. SPHAGNACEÆ, class of mosses, XVII. 73. SPHAGNUM, genus of mosses, XVII. 70,71. SPHAKIOTS, people of Greece, XI. 121. SPHARGIS, genus of chelonian reptiles, XX. 446, 449; XXIII. 457. SPHECOTHERES, genus of birds, XVII. 844.

SPHENE, mineral, XVI. 425. SPHENISCUS, genus of birds, XVIII. 492. SPHENOID CRYSTALS, XVI. 360. SPHERE, Mensuration of the, XVI. 25; Archimedes on the, II. 380.

Hollow, Strength of, XXII. 606. SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY, XXIII. 565. SPHERICS, Theodosius's work, XXIII. 260.

SPHEROID, Mensuration of a, XVI. 26; X. 168.

SPHEROMETER, instrument, XXII. 397. SPHINX, of Egyptian and Greek mythology, XXII. 398; Egyptian, II. 387; VII. 772; Greek, XVII. 730. SPHYGMOGRAPH, register of flight, IX.

311.

pulse measurer, XXIV. 97, 103. SPICE ISLANDS, Indian Archipelago, XVI. 696.

SPICES, Adulterations of, I. 172.
SPICULES, of sponges, XXII. 416.
SPIDER-MONKEYS, II. 153.

SPINNING ORGANS, in spiders, II. 295. SPINNING-WHEEL, XXIV. 730; XIV.

664. SPINOLA,

Ambrogio, Marchese di, Italian general, XXII. 399. SPINOZA, Baruch, Dutch-Jewish philosopher, XXII. 399; his development of Cartesianism, V. 152; on evolution, VIII. 748, 759; his testimony to Jesus Christ, XIII. 669; on the nationality of the Jews, XIII. 431; on the Pentateuch, XVIII. 505; Jacobi's letters on, XIII. 537.

SPIRALS, Archimedes on, II. 380. SPIRDING SEE, lake, Prussia, XX. 19. SPIRE, in architecture, II. 473; IV. 475. SPIRES, town, Rhenish Bavaria, XXII. 404; diet of (1526), XV. 80; XX. 329; Melanchthon at diet, xv. 834; diet of (1529), XV. 80; edicts of, X. 498; observatory at, XVII. 713. SPIRIALIS, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 665. SPIRIFERIDE, family of Brachiopoda, IV. 195.

SPIRILLUM, minute vegetable organism, XXI. 399; its presence in relapsing fever, XXIII. 680.

SPIRIT CIRCLES, spiritualistic gatherings, XV. 204; XXII. 405.

SPIRIT COLOURS, for calico printing, IV. 693.

XVII. 47.

XIII. 281, 350.

ment, XX. 412.

SPERMATOZOA, Anatomy, physiology, and development of, XX. 411. SPERMOGONES, reproductive organs of lichens, XIV. 555.

SPERM OIL, XV. 396; XVII. 744; XXIV. 529.

SPERMOPHILUS, genus of rodent mammals, XV. 560, 418.

SPERM WHALE, cetacean mammal, XV. 396; XXIV. 525, 528. SPERRIN MOUNTAINS, Ireland, XXIII.

712.

SPEUSIPPUS, Greek philosopher, XXII. 396; 1.68.

SPEY, river, Scotland, XXII. 397; VIII.

129.

SPEYER (Spires, q.v.), town, Rhenish
Bavaria, XXII. 404.
SPEZIA, town, Italy, XXII. 397.
SPHACELOMA AMPELINUM, vine fun-

gus, XXIV. 240.

SPHACTERIA (Sphagia), island, Greece,

XVII. 249; XVI. 52; defeat of Lacedæmonians at (425 B.C.), V. 825. SPHÆRIA (Poros), island, Greece, XIX.

521.

SPIELHAGEN, Frederick, German writer,

X. 545.

SPIELTRIEB, Schiller's theory of the, IX.

199.

SPIKENARD, perfume, XXII. 398; as incense, XII. 718.

SPINACH, vegetable, XII. 288, 285. SPINAL CORD, Anatomy of the, I. 865,

867; physiology of, XIX. 34; diseases of, II. 827; XVII. 115; XVIII. 256, 392; in Vertebrata, XXIV. 178. SPINDLE, spinning apparatus, XIV. 664; XXIV. 730.

TREE, II. 320; oil from, XVII. 744. SPINE, in skeleton of Vertebrata, XXII. 110; XXIV. 178; anatomy of, in man, 1. 820; curvature of, its treatment, XXII. 692.

SPINEL, mineral, XVI. 386; XXI. 48. SPINELLO, Matteo, Italian writer, XIII. 501.

ARETINO, Italian painter, XXII.

SPIRIT READING AND WRITING, conjuring tricks, XV. 208. SPIRITS, notions of their existence, II.

202.

Alcoholic, Adulteration of, 1. 173; defuselation of, IX. 853; distillation of, VII. 264; hydrometers for, XII. 538.

Animal and vital, in ancient philosophy, XIX. 10; XXIV. 95. SPIRITUAL EXERCISES, Jesuit manual, XIII. 645.

SPIRITUALISM, Modern, XXII. 404; II. 207; alleged, of Socrates, XXII. 233. SPIRITUALISTIC THEORY, of man's nature, II. 109. See Soul. SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS, Percentages of alcohol in, I. 470.

SPIRIT WORSHIP, in relation to mythology, XVII. 145.

SPIROMETER, for measuring air from the lungs, XX. 477.

SPIRORBIS, genus of Annelida, 11. 68. SPITALFIELDS, district of London, XIV. 847.

REFUGEES, friendly society, IX.

781.

XXIII. 517.

hymns by, XII. 588.

SPITTAL, town, England, III. 610. SPITTLER, Ludwig Timotheus, German

historian, X. 543.

SPITZBERG, mountain, Germany, VIII.

533.

SPITZBERGEN, islands, Arctic Sea, XXII. 407; XVII. 593; XIX. 317; exploration of, X. 196; seal fisheries of, XXI. 582; whale fishery, XXIV. 527. SPIX, Johann Baptist von, German naturalist, XV. 586; on Brazilian fishes, I. 275.

SPLEEN, of mammals, XV. 365; in man, diseases of, XV. 317; XVIII. 376; surgical treatment of, XXII. 691. disease, XII. 598.

SPLENDID SHILLING, The, John Philips's poem, XVIII. 754.

SPLENIC APOPLEXY,

XVII. 58.

XXII. 431.

SPOTSWOOD, or Spotiswood, John, archbishop of St Andrews, XXII. 431.

SPOTTISWOODE, William, English mathematician and physicist, XXII.

431.

SPRAIN, bodily injury, XXII. 652, 685. SPRAT, fish, XXII. 432; XII. 694; as whitebait, XXIV. 550; fishery, IX. 255.

SPRAT-LOON, bird, XV. 2.
SPREE, river, Germany, III. 593.
SPREEWALD, district, Germany, X. 449.
SPREMBERG, town, Prussia, XXII. 432.
SPRENGEL, Carl, on the potato, XIX.
594.

ROOT, in algebra, I. 528; in arithmetic, II. 532.

SQUARES, Tables of, XXIII. 8. SQUARING OF THE CIRCLE, XXII. 433. SQUASH, gourd, XI. 4.

SQUATAROLA, genus of birds, XIX. 227. SQUEEZERS, in iron manufacture, XIII. 327.

SQUIB, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
SQUID, cuttle-fish, XXI. 609.
SQUILL, medicinal plant, XXII. 437-
SQUILLACI, Count, minister of Charles
III. of Spain, XXII. 341.
SQUINT, in architecture, II. 473.
SQUINTING, ocular defect, XVII. 785;
spectacles for, XXII. 372.

SQUIRE, in feudal times, XIV. 117.

SPLICING, of ropes, XXI. 592; seamen's splices, XXI. 590.

SPLINT-BONE, of the leg, 1. 829. SPODUMENE, mineral, XIV. 697; XVI. 416.

SPOHR, Ludwig, German violinist and composer, XXII. 410; as symphonist, XVII. 97.

SPOKANE, river, Washington Territory, U.S.A., XXIV. 386.

FALLS, town, Washington Territory, U.S.A., XXIV. 387. SPOLETO, town, Italy, XXII. 412; aqueduct near, II. 221.

SPONDYLUS, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 693.

SPONGES, XXII. 412; XIX. 859; histology of, XII. 6; skeletal structures of, XXII. 106; distribution of, VII. 277, 283. SPONGY METAL, carbonized iron, XIII. 336.

SPONHEIM, Prussia, Library of, XIV. 514.

SPONSOR, in law, XXII. 429. SPONTANEITY, Bain's doctrine of, xx. 43.

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION, I. 49;

XIV. 232, 411.

SPONTINI, Gasparo Luigi Pacifico,

Italian composer, XXII. 429. SPOOL, of thread, VI. 502. SPOONBILL, bird, XXII. 430; xxI. 842. SPOONS, Wooden, Manufacture of, III. 697.

SPORADES, islands, Greek Archipelago,

XXII. 431; coins of, XVII. 644. SPORANGIA, reproductive organs in plants, XX. 424; of ferns, IX. 104. SPORES, reproductive organs in plants, I. 508; IX. 101; XX. 423; of Schizomycetes, XXI. 402. SPOROGONIUM, or Sporophore, in plant reproduction, IX. 100; XVII. 65; xx.

430. SPOROZOA, class of Protozoa, XIX. 852.

— AND AUTUMN ANNALS, Chinese SRIDHARA DASA, compiler of anthology work, v. 661. of Sanskrit poetry, XXI. 286. SRINAGAR, town, Kashmir, XIV. II. SRIRANGAM (Seringham), town, India, XXII. 438.

SPRING-BALANCE, III. 261.
SPRINGBOK, antelope, II. II.
SPRINGBOKFONTEIN, town, Namaqua-
land, South Africa, XVII. 168.
SPRING CLOCKS, VI. 24.
SPRINGER, in architecture, II. 473.
SPRINGETT, Gulielma, wife of William
Penn, XVIII. 494.

SPRINGFIELD, town, Illinois, U.S.A.,
XXII. 432.

433.

town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., XXII.

-, town, Missouri, U.S.A., XXII. 433. -, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XXII. 433. SPRINGING BEETLE, VI. 132. SPRING LAKE, town, New Jersey, U.S.A., XVII. 397.

SPRINGS, of water, X. 223, 270; XXIV. 403; mineral springs, XVI. 431; XXIV. 399.

SPRING TIDE, XXIII. 353.

SPRINTING, in running, XXI. 61.
SPROSSER, bird, XVII. 499.

SRIRANGAPATAM (Seringapatam), town,
India, XXI. 682.

SRIVILLIPUTUR, town, India, XXIII. 405.
SRONG-BTSAN SGAM-PO, or Srong Tsan
Gampo, Tibetan king, XXIII. 345;
XIV. 228, 502.

SRYETENSK, town, Transbaikalia, Rus-
sia, XXIII. 511.

SSE, ancient Asiatic people, XVIII. 593, 599.

STAAL, Baronne de, French memoir
writer, XXII. 439.

STABILI, Francesco degli, mediæval
Italian writer, V. 282.
STABILITY, of forms of matter, VI. 313.
—, of buildings, IV. 447; XV. 750; of
ships, XXI. 812, 597.

STABLE MANAGEMENT, XII. 192.
STABROEK, or Georgetown, town, British
Guiana, X. 430.

SPRUCE, tree, IX. 222; II. 316, 320; of STACKING, of corn, I. 363.

United States, XXIII. 809.

SPUN SILK, XXII. 62.

SPURGE-LAUREL, plant, XIV. 349. SPURRED RYE, or Ergot, VIII. 521; IX. 834.

SPURS, Day of the, battle (1302) near
Courtrai, Belgium, IX. 544.
SPURZHEIM, Johann Kaspar, phreno-
logist, XXII. 433; XVIII. 844; X. 37.
Spuyten DuyVIL CREEK, New York,
U.S.A., XVII. 457.

SPUZH, town, Montenegro, XVI. 781.
SPYES DE ORTHENBERG, early German
printer, XXIII. 685.
SQUALODONTIDE, family of fossil
Cetacea, XV. 397.
SQUARCIONE, Francesco, Italian painter,
XV. 501.

STACTE, incense, XII. 718.
STADE, town, Germany, XXII. 439.
STADION, Count, Austrian statesman,
XVI. 199.

STADIUM, or Stadion, for gymnastic

contests, at Athens, III. 7; at Olympia, XVII. 768; at Rome, xx. 824. STÄDJAN, mountain, Sweden, XXII. 736. STADLER, Rodolph, English martyr in Persia, XVIII. 638.

STADT-AM-HOF, suburb of Ratisbon, Bavaria, XX. 291.

STAEL, Madame de (Anne L. G. Necker, Baroness of Stael-Holstein), French authoress, XXII. 439; IX. 672, 673; XVII. 312. STAEL-HOLSTEIN, Baron de, Swedish minister, XXII. 439.