AUXENTIUS of Cappadocia, Arian theo logian, III. 143. AUXERRE, town, France, III. 143; XXIV. 746. AUXONNE, town, France, III. 143. AVA, town, Burmah, III. 143. AVALON, peninsula, Newfoundland, , St Hugh of, bishop of Lincoln, XII. 336. AVANTURINE, mineral, XVI. 389. 403; XIV. 60. Caucasian tribe, XIV. 475. AVEIRO, town, Portugal, III. 144. 114, 115. AVENTINE HILL, at Rome, XX. 731, 807. XXI. 426; as writer in Persian, XVIII. AVICENNIA, genus of trees, XV. 481. AVIGLIANO, town, Italy, III. 155. III. 157. AXUM, ancient town, Abyssinia, III. 162; La Paz de, town, Bolivia, XIV. 298. AYE-AYE, lemur, XIV. 443; XV. 170. AVILA, province, Spain, III. 156; XXII. AYEN, count and dukes of, XVII. 523. Y ZUNIGA, Luis d', Spanish historian, III. 157. AVILES, San Nicolas de, town, Spain, III. 157. AVLONA, town, Albania, III. 157. AYR, town, Scotland, III. 164. AYRER, Jacob, German dramatist, III. 165. coalfield of, VI. 53; area and population, XXI. 528; representation, XXIII. 727. CATTLE, I. 388. AVOCADO OIL, XVII. 744, 747. 669. river, Nova Scotia, XVII. 601. AYTON, Sir Robert, early Scottish poet, AYTOUN, William Edmonstoune, Scot- Lower, river, Somerset, England, AYUTHIA, town, Siam, XXI. 852. Southern, river, Wilts, England, Upper, or Shakespearean, river, AVENTINUS, Johann Thurmayr, Ger- AVRANCHIN, district, France, XV. 458. man writer, III. 145. Aventurine, Venetian glass, XVII. 48. xv. 805. AVERAGE, in maritime commerce, III. AVERRUNCUS, epithet of Jupiter, XIII. AVERSA, town, Italy, III. 152. XXIV. 775; XVIII. 584, 653. AWAJI, island, Japan, XIII. 569. -, river, Somerset, England, XXII.257. AXIM, river, Gold Coast, Africa, I. 421; X. 755. AXINITE, mineral, XVI. 411. AYYUBITES, Moslem dynasty, Egypt, AZAIS, Pierre Hyacinthe, French writer, AZALEA, plant, XII. 262; XX. 527. AZANIA, district, Africa, I. 432; XXIV. AZARA, Felix de, Spanish naturalist, III. José Nicholas d', Spanish diplo- AZEGLIO, Marquis d', Italian writer and AZHAR, mosque and college, Cairo, IV. AZILA, town, Morocco, XVI. 831. AXIOM, in philosophy, III. 158; in AZIMGARH, district and town, India, III. geometry, X. 376. AXIS, of a magnet, XV. 220, 238. -, Earth's, Stability of, X. 216. 168. AZIMUTH, defined, X. 198; in surveying, COMPASS, XVI. 160. Azo, Italian writer on law, III. 169. Sea of, Russia, III. 169, 796. AZORES, islands, Atlantic Ocean, III. AZOTUS (Ashdod, q.v.), town, Palestine, AZPEITIA, town, Spain, III. 172. AZRAKI, Arab historian, XXIII. 3. AZULEJOS, Moorish wall-tiles, XVII. 36. AZURE, blue pigment, XIX. 87. Azzo (Azo), Italian writer on law, III. Corinth, VI. 397. BABER (Zehir-ed-din Mohammed), foun- | BACCHIADÆ, ruling family in ancient BACCHIGLIONE, river, Italy, III. 194. BAR NESIBHNAYE, Syriac writer, BACCIO DELLA PORTA, Italian painter, XXII. 844. BABHAVUTI, Hindu dramatist, VII. 397. BABIL, part of modern Babylon, III. 183. against Elizabeth of England, xv. 600. BABLE, Asturian dialect, II. 824; XXIII. BABOONS, genus of apes, II. 152; XV. BABOUVISM, the communism of Babeuf, BABRIUS, or Babrias, Greek fabulist, III. I.-VIII., princes of Este, Italy, BABUNGERA (Niam - Niam), Central VIII. 558. B, BAADER, Franz Xaver von, German philosopher, III. 173; XXIII. 247, 279. BAAL, title of Semitic deities, III. 175; IV. 764; XIII. 402; XVI. 696; XVIII. 803; XXIII. 237; human sacrifices to, XVIII. 730; worship of, in Israel, 1. 421. III. 194; XX. 275. German musician, III. 194; XIX. 67; character of his music, XVII. 90. Karl Philip Emmanuel, German musical composer, III. 196; XIX. 67; as symphonist, XVII. 96. BACHE, Mount, California, U.S.A. Alexander Dallas, American physi- BACHIAN (Batchian), island, Indian BACILLARIACEÆ, former name of BACILLUS, vegetable organism, XXI. 399. African race, XVII. 473. the second letter of the alphabet, BABY (Babi), Mohammedan sect in BAALBEC, ancient town, Syria, III. 176. BAANES, Paulician teacher, XVIII. 434. BABAR (Baber, q.v.), founder of the BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS, XIII. 114. Mogul empire, III. 179; II. 700. BABATAG, town, Bulgaria, III. 178. BABBA, town, Mauretania, Africa, XV. 637. BABBAGE, Charles, English mathema tician, III. 178; his calculating machine, IV. 654; logarithmic tables by, XXIII. IO. BABCOCK, Alphæus, pianoforte maker, XIX. 77. BABYLONIAN NUMERALS, XVII. 625. -, The, Aristophanes's comedy, II. BABYLONICA, Greek novel, XX. 634. XV. 497. BACCARAT, town, France, III. 194. BABEGAN (Artaxerxes I.), king of BACCHE, worshippers of Bacchus, XVII. Persia, II. 642. BABEL, of Scripture, III. 178. 839. Euripides's play, VIII. 667. XIX. 319, 320. BACKERGUNJE (Bakarganj), district, BACKERS, Americus, pianoforte maker, BACKGAMMON, game, III. 197. III. 200. BACKING, in betting, III. 619. BACKSWORD, weapon, XXII. 801. John, English sculptor, III. 218; or Baconthorpe, John, learned English monk, III. 222. Sir Nicholas, keeper of the great seal, III. 218. Roger, English philosopher and scientist, III. 218; VIII. 409; XVI. 710; imprisoned by Pope Nicholas IV., XVII. 484; on alchemy, 1. 464; his claim of power to fly, 1. 186; his magical inventions, XV. 208; on mnemonics, XVI. 532; on optical glasses, XXIII. 135; on the travels of Friar | BADURIA, town, India, XXIII. 673. William, XXI. 47. BACONTHORPE, John, learned English monk, III. 222. BACSANYI, Janos, Hungarian poet, III. BACTHIAN (Cachao), town, Anam, IV. BEDA (Bede, q.v.), early English his- BAGNÈRES-DE-BIGORRE, town, France, III. 235; XX. 127; mineral waters of, BAELE, tribe, North Central Africa, BAGNÈRES-DE-LUCHON, town, France, Alfonso de, Spanish writer, XXII. 355. BACTRA (Balkh), ancient town, Afghani- BÆTICA (Andalusia), ancient Roman stan, III. 282; I. 243. BACTRIA, or Bactriana, ancient country, Asia, III. 222; XVIII. 101; kingdom, XVIII. 587, 589, 599, 603; conquest of, by Alexander, XV. 141; Greek colonies in, XVIII. 583; language of, XVIII. 653. BACUP, town, England, III. 222. BADAGAS, hill tribes, India, XVII. 509. BADAGRY, town, West Africa, XXIV. 754. BADAJOS, province, Spain, III. 223; VIII. 564; XXII. 298. province, Spain, II. 10; XXII. 307. 229. BA-FING, river, West Africa, XXI. 660. BAGARIUS, genus of fishes, XXII. 68. -, town, Spain, III. 223; capture of BAGATELLE, game, III. 229. BADARINATH, or Badrinath, town 224. Astrono BAGAY, Nouvelles Tables BAGGESEN, Jens Emmanuel, Danish BAGGIO, Anselmo (Pope Alexander II.), BAGNI, Casciano dei, town, Italy, v. 175. DI LUCCA, commune, Italy, XV. 39. BAGNOLES, mineral spring, France, XVIII. I. BAGNYON. Jean, French romancist, XX. BAGOAS, Persian satrap, XVIII. 581. Africa, XXIII. 619. BAGRAT I.-IV., rulers of Georgia, X. 432. BAGRATION, Prince Peter, Russian general, III. 235; XVII. 217. BAGRU, river, Sierra Leone, Africa, XXII. 45. BAGRUS, genus of fishes, XXII. 68. BAHADUR, Sir Jung, ruler of Nepal, BAHALUL, jester of Haroun al Raschid, BAHAMAS, islands, West Indies, III. 236; BAHARA SAPHINQUE, sulphur mine, on BAHA-UDDIN WALAD, Persian doctor, BAHIA, province and town, Brazil, III. town, Austria, III. 227; mineral BAGHDAD, province, Asiatic Turkey, III. BAHIUDA, desert, Nubia, Africa, XVII. water of, XVI. 435. town, Switzerland, III. 227; min eral water of, XVI. 433. BADEN, town, Germany, III. 226; mineral water of, XVI. 434. BADENOCH, Wolf of, brother of Robert III. of Scotland, XXI. 491. 231; XXIII. 653. 610. XVIII. 72. town, Asiatic Turkey, III. 231; BAHRAICH, district and town, India, founding of, II. 259; XVI. 579; caliphs of, I. 8; capture of, by the Mongols, XVI. 742; conquest of, by the Turks, XXIII. 645; observatory, XVII. 709; school of philosophy, II. 267. BADENWEILER, town, Baden, mineral BAGHERMI, or Bagirmi, district, Central water of, XVI. 433. BADGE, in heraldry, XI. 709. BADGER, group of carnivorous mam mals, III. 227; XV. 440; hibernation of, XI. 788; skins of, IX. 837. Africa, III. 234; I. 271; XXII. 279; BAHR AL-ABIAD (White Nile), river, BAHR AL-AZRAK (Blue Nile), river, BAGHMATI, or Bagmati, river, India, BAHR AL-GHAZAL, tributary of the Nile, Africa, XVII. 506. BAGHTCHASARAI, town, Russia, III. 249; BAHR AL-JEBEL, headwaters of the Honey, XX. 288. Russia, XXIII. 512. traveller, III. 227. printer, III. 228. III. 258. BAGIRMI, district, Central Africa, III. BADIUS, Jodocus or Josse, Belgian BAGLEY, Thomas, Lollard preacher, XIV. 812. BADKU, government and town, Russia, BAGLIONI, Gian Paolo and Rodolfo, BADMINTON, game, III. 228. BAD PYRMONT, town, Germany, XXIV. 321. tyrants of Perugia, XVIII. 680. BAGMATI (Baghmati), river, Nepal, III. BADRINATH, town and temple, India, BAGNACAVALLO, Bartolommeo, Italian painter, III. 235. BAHREYN (Bahrein, q.v.), island, Persian | BAIRD, Sir David, British general, III. Gulf, III. 240; II. 254. 221; bay of, XVII. 188. BAIBURT, town, Asiatic Turkey, III. 240. BAIERN (Bavaria, q.v.), III. 453. 246. Spencer F., on North American BAIRUT (Beyrout, q.v.), town, Syria, III. 622. BAISA BOL, gum resin, XVII. 121. BAIE ST PAUL, town, Canada, XX. III. 240; IX. 650; XX. 841. BAIKIE, William Balfour, African ex- BAIL, in law, III. 241. BAILEN, or Baylen, town, Spain, III. 241. BAILEY, in architecture, II. 460. BAISUN, town, Hissar, Central Asia, BAIT, in angling, II. 35; mussels as, XVII. IIO. BAITARANI, river, India, v. 243. BAITOOL, or Betul, district, India, III. BALAFRÉ (Francis of Guise), French 619. BAIZE, coarse woollen stuff, IX. 292. BAILLIE, Joanna, English writer, III. BAKARGANJ, district, India, III. 247. -, Matthew, anatomist and physician, III. 243; XV. 813. BAIN, Alexander, on the beautiful, I. Matthew Talbot, English lawyer, BAINI, Giuseppe, Italian musician, III. 246. BAINSHA, tame buffalo, IV. 442. BAIRAM, Turkish festival, III. 246. BAKER, Henry, English physicist, III. 249. J. G., on the varieties of the Sir Richard, English chronicler, Sir Samuel, his Egyptian expedi- -, Thomas, English antiquary, III. 249. soldier, XI. 266. BALAGHAT, district, Central India, III. 260. The, tracts of hill country, India, v. 608; XXI. 210. BALAI (Balæus), Syriac writer, XXII. 828. BALAMIR, leader of the Huns, XII. 381. BALANCE, measuring apparatus, III. 261; automatic, XVI. 490; spring, invention of, XII. 149. 395. Compensation, for watch, XXIV. OF POWER, III. 267. BALANCING LETTER, The, Somers's pamphlet, XXII. 257. BALANIDE, suborder of Crustacea, VI. BALANINUS, genus of insects, XXIV. 477. BALANOPHORACE, parasitic plants, BALANTES, people, Senegambia, XXI. BALANTIUM, genus of tree-ferns, XXIII. BALARUC, France, mineral water of, -, Mount, Cascade Mountains, U.S.A., BALAS, Alexander, Syrian ruler, I. 846; XXIII. 800. XIII. 422. BAKERIES, Public, in Rome, III. 250. BALASH, king of Persia, XVIII. 611. BAKI, Ottoman elegiac poet, XXIII. BAKING, III. 250; of meat, VI. 332. BALASSA-GYARMAT, town, Hungary, XI. 346. BALATA GUM, substitute for gutta percha, XI. 339. BALATON, Lake, Hungary, III. 171; XII. 362. BALBI, Adrian, Italian geographer, III. BALBIN, Aloys B., Bohemian Jesuit his- XXV. - 6 gator and explorer, III. 273; XVIII. 115; discovers Pacific Ocean, X. 182. BALBRIGGAN, town, Ireland, III. 274. BALBULUS, Notker, musical composer, XVII. 597. BALDACHIN, canopy, II. 462; XXIII. 723. BALDASARRE D' ANNA, Venetian painter, II. 60. BALFOUR, Francis M., on embryology, | BALLONS, rounded summits in Vosges Sir James, Scottish antiquary, III. 280. Sir James, Scottish judge, III. 280. Robert, Scottish scholar, III. 280; XXI. 543. BALFROOSH, town, Persia, III. 280. BALDE, Jakob, modern Latin poet, III. BALGUY, John, English moralist, III. 274. BALD EAGLE, bird, VII. 590. BALDER, Norse divinity, III. 275; 1. 210; XVII. 156. Dobell's poem, VII. 307. 280. BALI, island, Indian Archipelago, III. BALDI, Bernardino, Italian mathe- BALIER, Heinrich der, German sculptor, matican, III. 274. XXI. 565. BALDINGER, Ernest Gottfried, German BALIOL, Edward, claimant of the physician, III. 275. BALDINI, Baccio, Italian engraver, VIII. 441. BALDINUCCI, Filippo, Italian writer, III. 275. BALDNESS, skin affection, XXII. 121. BALDOON CASTLE, Wigtown, Scotland, XXIV. 563. BALDOVINETTI, Alessio, Italian painter, III. 275. Scottish throne, VIII. 318; XXI. 489. John, king of Scotland, VIII. 312; XX. 592; XXI. 486. or Balliol, Sir John de, English baron, III. 282. BALISTES, genus of fishes, IX. 161. BALKAN MOUNTAINS, Turkey, III. 282. BALKANS, Great and Little, mountains, Transcaspian Region, Russia, XXIII. 511. BALD PEAK, mountain, Massachusetts, BALKASH, Lake, Central Asia, XIV. 217; XXI. 640. BALDUCCIO DI PISA, Italian sculptor, BALKH, river and province, Afghani BALDWIN, Byzantine emperor (IX. of BALLALAS, dynasty of Mysore, India, 291. I.-IX., counts of Flanders, IX. 290, XVII. 123. BALLANCHE, Pierre Simon, French moralist, III. 285. I.-V., kings of Jerusalem, VI. 627; BALLANTYNE, John and James, Scottish I., of Jerusalem, VI. 627; IX. 538. Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, III. 276. BALDY, mountain, New Mexico, U.S.A., XVII. 399. BALE (Basel, q.v.), canton and town, Switzerland, III. 408. BALE, John, bishop of Ossory, III. 276; XIII. 263. BALEARIC ISLANDS, Spain, III. 276; xv. 820; XXII. 298; pottery of, XIX. 623; their historical connexion with Spain, XXII. 323. BALLARAT, town, Australia, III. 286. BALLARI (Bellary), district and town, India, III. 286. BALLATER, village, Scotland, III. 287. BALLENSTEDT, town, Germany, III. 287. BALLENY ISLAND, South Polar regions, XIX. 330. BALLET, theatrical representation, III. 288; VI. 800; of action, XVIII. 215. variety of song, XVII. 84. BALLEY, mountain, California, U.S.A., XXIII. 801. BALEARICUS, Metellus, colonizer of BALL-FLOWER, in architecture, II. 460. BALLINA, town, Ireland, III. 288; XXII. 159. BALLYMOTE, town, Ireland, XXII. 159. Book of, Irish MS., v. 306. BALLYSADARE, river, Ireland, XXII. 159. BALLYSHANNON, town, Ireland, 111. 292; VII. 362. BALM, perennial herb, XII. 289. BALMER, E. J., his law in spectroscopy, XXII. 379. BALMERINO, Lord, Scottish Jacobite, trial of, XXI. 511. BALMEZ, or Balmes, Jaime Lucien, Spanish writer, III. 292; XXII. 362. BALM OF GILEAD, oleo-resin, III. 293; used as incense, XII. 718. BALMORAL CASTLE, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, III. 292. BALNAVES, Henry, Scottish Protestant, III. 292; XIV. 130. BALNEA, Roman baths, III. 434. BALNEUM MARIE, process in alchemy, I. 462. BALQUHIDDER, district, Scotland, XVIII. 667. BALSAM, oleo-resin, III. 292; II. 237; XX. 474; used as incense, XII. 718. BOG, vegetable production, Falkland Islands, IX. 15. FIR, American tree, XXIII. 809. 794. BALSAMO, Joseph (Count Cagliostro), adventurer, IV. 641. BALSAMODENDRON, genus of trees, III. 293; XVII. 121. BALSAR, town, India, XXII. 667. BALTA, town, Russia, III. 293; XIX. 254. BALTAJI MUHAMMED, Turkish vizier, BALTARD, Louis Pierre, French engraver, BALLINASLOE, town, Ireland, III. 288; BALTI, district, Tibet, XIV. 198. x. 56. BALLINROBE, town, Ireland, xv. 650. BALLIOL, Sir John de, English baron, III. 282. COLLEGE, Oxford, XVIII. 96. BALLISTICS, theory of gunnery, XI. 297. BALTIC LANGUAGES, XVIII. 785. BALTIC SEA, III. 293; X. 447; XXII. 737; amber deposits of, 1. 659. BALTIMORE, town, Maryland, U.S.A., III. 298; XV. 603; XXIII. 822; libraries, XIV. 550; newspapers, XVII. 434. |