58; coins, XVII. 658; Cossacks, VI. 448; drama, VII. 444; forests, IX. 401; foundling hospitals, IX. 483; gold, X. 743; Greek Church, XI. 157; Jews in, XIII. 686; land laws, XIV. 262; lan- | guage, XXII. 148; Lapps, XIV. 306; libraries, XIV. 533, 549; mines, XVI. 468; navy, XVII. 299; newspapers, XVII. 430; observatories, XVII. 714; oyster culture, XVIII. 108; periodical literature, XVIII. 543; police system, XIX. 344; prison system, XIX. 761; railways, XX. 251; serfdom, XXII. 143; | Tartar population, XXIII. 70; university statistics, XXIII. 849, 852; weights and measures, XXIV. 490. RUSSIAN ALPHABET, 1. 614. RUSSIAN AMERICA, or Alaska (q.v.), 1. 443, 711.

RUSSIAN BATHS, III. 438.

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE, XXI. 109; XXII. 148; dictionaries of, VII. 188; VI. 762. | RUSSIAN LEATHER, XIV. 388; odour imparted to, III. 698.

RUSSIAN LITERATURE, XXI. 102. RUSSIANS, race of people, Europe, XXI. 79; XXII. 145, 147; in time of Byzantine empire, XI. 116. RUST, on iron, XVI. 70.

RUSTAM, Persian ruler, XVIII. 633; as hero in Persian literature, XVIII. 656.

RUSTCHUK, town, Bulgaria, XXI. 110.
RUSTICIANO of Pisa, Italian writer,
XIII. 501; XIX. 407.
RUSTICO, town, Prince Edward Island,
XIX. 740.

DI FILIPPO, Italian poet, XIII. 501. RUSTRE, in heraldry, XI. 697. RUTEBOEUF, early French writer, IX. 642.

RUTENU, district, ancient Syria, XXII.

822.

RUTGERS COLLEGE, New Brunswick,
New Jersey, U.S.A., XVII. 375.
RUTH, Book of, XXI. 110.
RUTHENA (Rodez), Roman town,
France, XX. 617.

RUTHENIANS, race of people, Russian
Poland, XIX. 309; as Roman Catholics,
XX. 631.
RUTHENIUM, chemical element, V. 537;
XIX. 189, 192.
RUTHERFORD, John, his thermometer,
XXIII. 291.

L. M., his observatory, at New
York, XVII. 715.
RUTHERFORD, Samuel, Scottish divine,

XXI. I12.

RUTHERGLEN, town, Scotland, XXI.

I12.

RUTHVEN, Lady Mary, wife of Van Dyck, XXIV. 63.

-, Raid of (1582), Scotland, XIII. 558; XXI. 507. RUTHWELL CROSS, Scotland, Runic inscription on, XVII. 570.

RUTICILLA, genus of birds, XX. 317.
RUTILE, mineral, XVI. 386; XXIII. 410.
RUTILIUS CLAUDIUS NAMATIANUS,
Latin poet, XXI. 112.
RUTLAM, state, India, XX. 292.
RUTLAND, county, England, XXI. 113.
-, town, Vermont, U.S.A., XXI. 114;
XXIV. 167.

justice, XXIII. 748.

RYPE, Norwegian game bird, XVII. 581. RYPIN, town, Poland, XIX. 227. RYSBRACK, John Michael, sculptor, XXI. 560.

RYSBROECK (Ruysbroeck, q.v.), John of, Flemish mystic, XXI. 114, 46. RYSSELBERG'S TELEPHONIC SYSTEM, XXIII. 133.

RUTLEDGE, John, American chief- RYSWICK, Holland, Congress of (1697), VI. 270; IX. 580; XII. 81. RZACZYNSKI, on birds, XVIII. 8. RZHEFF, Rjev, or Rzhoff, town, Russia, XXI. 119; XXIII. 672.

RUTNAGHERRY (Ratnagiri), district and town, India, XX. 292.

RUTULI, an ancient people of Latium,
XIV. 343.

RUTULIANS, Caucasian tribe, XIV. 475.
RUY DIAZ CAMPEADOR (The Cid),
Spanish hero, xXXII. 315.
RUYSBROECK, John, Flemish mystic,
XXI. 114, 46; XII. 91; XVII. 133.
RUYSCH, Frederik, Dutch anatomist,
XXI. 114; 1. 812.
RUYSDAEL, Jacob, Dutch painter, xxi.
114, 439.
RUYSSELÈDE, town, Belgium, XXI. 115.
RUYTER, Michael Adrian de, Dutch
admiral, XXI. 115; XII. 80.
RUZ, Val de, Neuchâtel, Switzerland,
XVII. 361.

RYAN, Loch, Wigtown, Scotland, XXIV. SAAVEDRA, Angel de, Spanish poet and

562.

RYAZAN, government, Russia, XXI. 115;

principality, XXI. 89; town, XXI. 116. RYAZHSK, town, Russia, XXI. 116. RYBINSK, town, Russia, XXI. 116.

politician, XXI. 122; XXII. 343, 361. -, Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer, V. 347. See Cervantes.

FAXARDO, Diego de, Spanish diplomatist and writer, XXI. 122.

RYCAUT, Sir Paul, English traveller and SAAZ, town, Bohemia, XXI. 122. diplomatist, XXI. 116. SABA, people, Arabia, XXIV. 738. SABADILLA SEEDS, Drug from, XXIV. 163.

RYDBERG, Viktor, Swedish writer, XXII. 758.

RYDE, town, Isle of Wight, England, SABÆAN LANGUAGE, XXI. 653; XXIV. XXI. 117. 740.

RYDELIUS, Anders, Swedish Cartesian SABÆANS, South-Arabian people, XXIV. writer, XXII. 755.

Spurred, or ergot, VIII. 521; IX.

834. RYECHITSA, town, Russia, XVI. 479. RYEGRASS, Culture of, I. 371, 375, 380. RYE HOUSE, Hertfordshire, England,

XI. 772.

RYE HOUSE PLOT, England, XxvI. 756.
RYEKA, town, Montenegro, XVI. 781;
river, XVI. 780.
RYESHETNIKOFF, Russian novelist, XXI.

108. RYEZHITZA, town, Russia, XXI. 118; population, XXIV. 262.

738.

SABAH, or British North Borneo, XXI.

123.

SABARMATI, river, India, XX. 260.
SABAS, St, Syrian ascetic, XXI. 124.

St, the Goth, Christian martyr,

XXI. 124.

SABAZIUS, in Greek legend, VII. 249;
XVIII. 853.
SABBAS, or Sabas, St, Syrian ascetic,
XXI. 124.

St, archbishop of Servia, XXI. 689. SABBATH, XXI. 124; Christian observance of, XXII. 654.

The, Grahame's poem, XI. 34.
The Witches', Legend of, XIII. 674.
SABBE, Hebrew sibyl, XXII. 13.

RYKOVSK, town, Saghalin, East Asia, SABELLA, genus of Annelida, II. 68.

XXI. 147.

RYLAND, William Wynne, English engraver, XXI. 118. RYMER, Thomas, English historiographer, XXI. 118.

RYNGOLD, Lithuanian chief, XIV. 702. RYOT, or Rayat, Indian peasant proprietor, XV. 289; XII. 770.

SABELLIANISM, theological doctrine,
XIII. 671; XXI. 127.
SABELLIANS, or Oscans, Italian people,
XIII. 445; XXI. 129.
SABELLIUS, early theologian, XXI. 127.
SABHA, John, Syriac writer, XXII. 835.
SABHR-ISHO, Syriac writer, XXII. 838.

RUSTAM, Syriac writer, XXII. 843.

SABIANS, sect mentioned in Koran, XXI. 128; name claimed by Mandæans, XV. 467; wrongly applied to star worshippers, XXI. 128.

SABICU WOOD, XXI. 128.
SABINA, genus of plants, XIII. 774.
SABINE, river and lake, Louisiana and
Texas, U.S.A., XV. 20; XXIII. 203.

Sir Edward, English astronomer, XXI. 128; his observations in polar regions, XIX. 319.

SABINES, ancient Italian people, XXI. 128; XIII. 444; XX. 669; in Rome, XX. 731; their contest with the Umbrians, XXIII. 723.

Rape of the, VIII. 619.

SABINIANS, Roman jurists, XIV. 164.
SABINIANUS, Pope, XIX. 494.

SACHEVERELL, Henry, English divine, | SÁ DE MIRANDA, Francisco de, PortuXXI. 130; VIII. 353. guese poet, XXI. 142.

SACHS, Hans, German poet and drama- | SADI, Persian poet, XXI. 147; XVIIL tist, XXI. 131; VII. 440; X. 528; XVII. 83; his house at Nuremberg, XVII.

SACATE GRANDE, island, Honduras, XII. 130.

SACCAS, Ammonius, founder of Alexandrian Neoplatonism, I. 743; XVII. 335.

SACCATÆ, group of Actinozoa, I. 132. SACCATOO, or Sokoto, country, Central

Africa, XXII. 248. SACCHARINE,

sugar, XXII. 623.

artificially produced

SACRED BEETLE, of Egypt, VI. 131. SACRED MUSIC, XVII. 80, 84, 88; XIX. 168.

659.

SADIKIYA, Moslem college, at Tunis, XXIII. 622.

SADLER, Sir Ralph, English statesman, XXI. 143.

SADO, island, Japan, XIII. 569. SADOLETO, Jacopo, Italian humanist, XXI. 144.

SADOWA, Bohemia, Battle of (1866), XIV. 138.

SAD-UD-DIN, Ottoman historian, XXIII. 657.

SADYATTES, king of Lydia, xV. 100. SÆMUND SIG FUSSON, or Sæmundar, Icelandic writer, VII. 650; XII. 624; Edda of, VII. 650.

SÆPINUM, Samnite town, Italy, XXI.

249.

SÆTABIS (Játiva), ancient town, Spain, XIII. 597.

SAFA, district, Syria, Inscriptions of, XXI. 651.

HILL, at Mecca, Arabia, xv. 674. SAFARIK, Paul Joseph, Hungarian writer, XXI. 386, 108; on the Slavs, XXII. 145.

SAFAWI DYNASTY, Persia, XVIII. 634; XXII. 664.

SAFE-CONDUCT, passport, XVIII. 344. SAFES, XXI. 144; safe locks, XIV. 749. SAFETY-LAMPS, VI. 72; XVI. 461; Sir Humphry Davy's, VI. 847.

SAFFAH, Abdallah, founder of Abbasid dynasty, XVI. 574, 578.

Al-, caliph, XVI. 577. SAFFARIDS, Moslem dynasty, XVI. 586.

831.

SACRED RITES, Congregation of, in SAFFI, town, Morocco, XXI. 145; XVI. Church of Rome, XX. 630. SACRIFICE, XXI. 132; XVIII. 344; in relation to an oath, XVII. 699; to priesthood, XIX. 725; to totemism, XXIII. 471; to vows, XXIV. 301; ancient Mexican, XVI. 211.

IV. 265, 266.

SACCHAROMYCES, yeast plant, IX. 96. SACCHAROSES, group of sugars, XXII. 624.

SACCHI, Andrea, Italian painter, XXI. 130.

SACCHINI, Antonio Maria Gaspare,

Italian musical composer, XXI. 130. SACEDON, spa, Spain, XVI. 433. SACERDOTALISM, priestly rule, XIX.

724.

SACHAROF, his balloon ascents, I.

194.

SACHETS, Perfume, XVIII. 527.

French Orientalist, XXI. 140.

Isaac Louis le Maître de, PortRoyalist, XXI. 141.

SADAICH, river, Persia, XVIII. 620.
SADDLE, Horse, XII. 198.

BAR, in architecture, II. 472.
MOUNTAIN, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 792.
SADDLERY, XXI. 142.

SADDUCEES, Jewish sect, XXI. 142; XIII. 423; XVI. 55.

SAFFLOWER, plant, XXI. 145; XXIII. 307; oil from, XVIII. 744, 746. SAFFRON, dye and drug, XXI. 145; as incense, XII. 718.

Meadow, plant, VI. 124.

WALDEN, town, England, XXI. 146. SAFID RUD, river, Persia, XVIII. 620. SAGA, in Scandinavian mythology, I. 211; in Scandinavian literature, XII. 623; XXII. 201.

SAGAING, town, Burmah, III. 143. SAGAIS, Tartar people, Siberia, XXIII.

70.

SAGAN, town, Prussia, XXI. 146; principality, XXI. 146.

SAGAR, district, India, XXI. 146; town, XXI. 147.

SAGARD, town, Rügen, Prussia, XXI. 57. SAGAS OF NORWEGIAN KINGS, Snorro Sturluson's work, XXII. 201.

SAGE, Stoic doctrine of the, XXII. 570.

culinary herb, XII. 251, 264, 289. BRUSH, tree, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., XXIII. 810.

SAGGING, of a ship, XXI. 818.

SAGHALIN, island, East Asia, XXI. 147.

SAGINAW, town, Michigan, U.S.A., xxi. 148.

SAGITTA, marine worm, XXI. 148. SAGIUM (Sées), ancient town, France, XXI. 621.

SAGLASSUS, town, Asia Minor, XIX. 130.

SAGO, a food-starch, XXI. 148.

PALM, tree, XVIII. 190. SAGUENAY, river, Canada, XX. 165; XXI. 181.

SAGUNTO, town, Spain, XXI. 149. SAGUNTUM, ancient town, Spain, XXI. 149; siege of (218 B.C.), XI. 441. SAGUS, genus of palms, XVIII. 190. SAHARA, region, Central Africa, XXI. 149; I. 249, 268, 563; XVII. 628; artesian wells in, II. 646; oases of, XVII. 695.

SAHARANPUR, district, India, XXI. 151; town, XXI. 152.

SAHDONA, Syriac writer, XXII. 842. SAHI, ancient Syria, XXII. 822. SAHIDIC, Egyptian dialect, VI. 355. SAHIH, book of Moslem traditions, XVI. 594.

SAHLITE, mineral, XVI. 416.

SAHS, Indian dynasty, XII. 790.
SAI, river, India, XX. 222.

SAIDA, or Sidon (q.v.), town, Syria,
XXII. 35.

SAID BAR SABUNI, Syriac writer, XXII. 849.

SAID MUHAMMAD ALI, founder of the Babis, XVIII. 650.

SAIDSCHÜTZ, spa, Bohemia, XVI. 436. SAIF IBN OMAR, Arab historian, XXIII. 3.

SAIGA, antelope, II. 102; XV. 432. SAIGON, town, Cochin China, XXI. 152; VI. 96.

SAIKIO (Kioto), town, Japan, XIV. 92. SAIL, SAILS, XXI. 153, 822; setting and

reefing of, XXI. 599.

SAILCLOTH, XXI. 154.
SAILING SHIPS, XXI. 822.
SAILMAKING, XXI. 154.

SAILORS, Laws affecting, XXI. 605.
SAILORS' KNOTS, XIV. 128.
SAILUGHEM, mountains, Siberia, XXII.

3; XXIII. 437.

SAIMIRI, squirrel monkey, II. 154. SAINFOIN, plant, XXI. 155; culture of, I. 377.

SAINT, XXI. 155. See also Saints.

Thomas, inventor of a sewing machine, XXI. 718.

ST AMAND-LES-EAUX, town, France,
XXI. 156; XVII. 535.
SAINT-AMANT, Fournié de, French
chess-player, v. 601.

M. A. Gerard, Sieur de, French bacchanalian poet, XXI. 156.

ST ANDREWS, town, New Brunswick, XVII. 375.

town, Scotland, XXI. 157; bishopric, XXI. 477; library, XIV. 523, 542; university, XXIII. 843, 854; first archbishop of, II. 370.

ST ANGELO, castle, Rome, xx. 831.
Monte, Italy, XIII. 439.

ST ANTHONY'S FIRE, or Erysipelas, disease, VIII. 531.

ST ARNAUD, Arnaud Jacques Leroy de, French general, 1. 569.

ST ASAPH, town, Wales, XXI. 158; IX. 327.

ST AUGUSTINE, town, Florida, U.S.A., XXI. 158.

ST BARNABAS, station, Norfolk Island, XVII. 537.

ST BARTHOLOMEW, or St Barthélemy, island, West Indies, XXI. 159; IX. 526. ST BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY, Massacre of, in France, IX. 561; V. 412.

ST BARTHOLOMEW'S TEA, or Maté, xv. 627; IV. 227.

ST BAUME, mountain, Var, France, XXIV. 68.

ST BEL (Vial), French veterinarian, XXIV. 198.

ST BERNARD, dog, VII. 327.

Great, Hospice on the, Switzerland, XXIV. 31.

ST BONIFACE, town, Manitoba, Canada, XXIV. 613.

ST BRANDON, Isle of, imaginary island,

IV. 241.

ST BRICE, Massacre of (1002), England,
VIII. 287.

ST BRIEUC, town, France, XXI. 159.
ST BROCARDUS, Convent of, on Mount
Carmel, Palestine, V. 116.

ST CALAIS, town, France, XXI. 314.
ST CALLISTUS, Cemetery of, at Rome,

V. 210.

ST CATHERINES, town, Ontario, Canada, XXI. 159; mineral water of, XVI. 436. ST CATHERINE'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, IV. 731.

Basilica of, at Rome, III. 417.
Cemetery of, at Rome, v. 208.

ST ALBAN, Viscount (Francis Bacon, q.v.), III. 200.

ST ALBANS, town, England, XXI. 155. town, Vermont, U.S.A., XXI. 156.

ST ALDEGONDE, F. van Marnix, lord of, Dutch Reformer, XII. 92.

ST CHARLES, town, Missouri, U.S.A.,
XXI. 159.

ST CHRISTAN, spa, France, XX. 127.
ST CHRISTOPHER, island, West Indies,
XXI. 159; buccaneers of, IV. 408.
ST CLAIR, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XXI. 160.

182.

Lake, North America, XXI. 179,

417.

ST CLOUD, town, France, XXI. 160; porcelain works at, XIX. 636.

ST COLUMB, England, ancient remains at, XXI. 51.

ST CROIX, island, West Indies, XXI. 160.

river, New Brunswick, XVII. 373. ST CYPRIEN, suburb of Toulouse, France, XXIII. 484.

SAINT CYR, Gouvion, French marshal, XI. 8.

ST CYR-L'ÉCOLE, village, France, XXI. 160; institution for poor girls at, XV. 305.

ST DAVID'S, town, Wales, XXI. 160; cathedral, XVIII. 483.

COLLEGE, Wales, XXIII. 856.

ST DENIS, town, France, XXI. 161.

ST ÉVROUL EN OUCHE, France, Abbey of, XVII. 821.

ST FRANÇOIS, town, Canada, XX. 167. . ST GALL, canton, Switzerland, XXI. 168; town, XXI. 169; XXII. 784; monastery, I. 12.

ST GALMIER, spa, France, XVI. 436.
ST GEORGE, island, Azores, III. 172.

town, New Brunswick, XVII. 375. BAY, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, XVII. 382, 601.

ST GEORGE'S, town, Bermudas, III. 599. town, Grenada, West Indies, XI.

184.

CHAPEL, Windsor, England, XXIV.

601.

ST GEORGE'S DAY, II. 214.

SAINT-GEORGES

town,

D' OLÉRON,
France, XVII. 761.
SAINT-GERMAIN, Comte de, adventurer,
XXI. 169.

ST GERMAIN-EN-LAYE, town, France,
XXI. 170; peace of (1570), IX. 561.
ST GERVAIS, spa, France, XXI. 332.
ST GOTTHARD TUNNEL, Switzerland,
XXIII. 624.

ST HELENA, island, South Atlantic,
XXI. 170; I. 272; birds of, III. 759;
observatory, XVII. 716; Napoleon at,
XVII. 225.

ST HELEN'S, town, England, xxI. 171.
ST HELIER, town, Jersey, XIII. 635.
ST HENRI, town, Canada, xx. 167.
SAINT-HILAIRE, Auguste de, French
botanist and traveller, XXI. 171.

Bourjot, on birds, XVIII. II. Étienne Geoffroy, X. 173; on anatomy and morphology, XVI. 839; on fishes and birds, XVIII. 18.

Isidore Geoffroy, X. 174; on birds,

XVIII. 24.

town, Port Rico, West Indies, XIX. 532.

ST JOHNSBURY, town, Vermont, U.S.A., XXI. 176.

ST JOHN'S CHRISTIANS, ancient Oriental sect, XV. 467.

ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, IV. 730.

ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, Oxford, XVIII. 97.

ST JOSEPH, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xx1. 176.

ST JULIEN, town, France, XXI. 333.
ST JUNIEN, town, France, XXIV. 223.
SAINT-JUST, Antoine, French Revolu-
tionist, XXI. 176.

ST KILDA, islet, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, XXI. 177.

town, Victoria, Australia, XXI. 177. ST KITT'S, island, West Indies, XXI. 159.

SAINT-LAMBERT, Jean François de, French poet, XXI. 177.

178.

ABBEY, at York, England, 1. 14. BAY, Newfoundland, XVII. 382. COLLEGE, St Andrews, Scotland, XXI. 158.

ISLAND, West Africa, X. 59.

LOCH, Scotland, XXI. 638.

ST MARY WINTON, College of (New College), Oxford, XVIII. 97.

ST MAURICE, mountain, Vosges, France, XXIV. 298.

-, town, Valais, Switzerland, XXIV. 31.

river, Canada, XX. 165.

ST MAUR-SUR-LOIRE, town, France, XXI. 187.

ST MICHAEL AND ST GEORGE, Order of, XIV. 124.

ST MICHAEL'S, island, Azores, III. 171. MOUNT, castle, Cornwall, England, VII. 427, 428.

ST MICHEL, town, Finland, IX. 217; XXIV. 209.

Mont, islet, France, XVI. 796.

ST HYACINTHE, town, Canada, XX. 167. | ST IVES, town, England, XXI. 172; pilchard fishery of, IX. 254.

ST JACOB, Switzerland, Battle of (1444), IX. 551.

ST JAGO, island, Cape Verd group, v. 52.

DE CUBA, town, Cuba, XXI. 300. ST JAMES OF Compostella, Order of, XXII. 316.

ST JAMES'S PALACE, London, XIV. 838.
ST JAMES'S PARK, London, XIV. 824.
ST JEAN BAPTISTE, suburb of Montreal,
Canada, XXI. 172; XX. 167.

ST JEAN D'ACRE, town, Syria, 1. 120.
See Acre.

ST JEAN D' ANGÉLY, town, France, XXI. 172.

XXI. 177; IV. 769; xx. 165.

ST LEGER, horse-race at Doncaster, England, VII. 361; XII. 201.

Sir Anthony, viceroy in Ireland, XIII. 263.

ST LÉONARD, town, France, XXIV. 223. ST LEONARDS, town, England, XXI. 182.

Lord, lord chancellor of England, XXI. 182.

XVI. 434.

ST NAZAIRE, town, Loire Inférieure, France, XXI. 187.

town, Var, France, XXIV. 69. lagoon, Pyrénées Orientales,

France, XX. 128.

ST NECTAIRE, spa, France, XX. 120.
ST NICOLAS, town, Belgium, XXI. 187.
VARANGEVILLE, town, France,

XVI. 205.

ST Lô, town, France, XXI. 182.

ST LOUIS, town, Missouri, U.S.A., XXI. 183; bridge at, IV. 339.

XVIII. 340.

SAINTONGE, old province, France, XXI. 188.

ST OSWIN, priory, England, XXIII. 675.

bique, XVII. 7.

ST MARGUERITE, island, France, IV. 807.

174.

Charles William George, English sportsman and naturalist, XXI. 173.

236.

RAILWAY STATION, London, xx.

ST PATRICK, Order of, XIV. 124. ST PAUL, island, Indian Ocean, XXI. 189.

town, Minnesota, U.S.A., XXI. 188. Basilica of, Rome, III. 416.

DE LOANDA, town, West Africa, XIV. 742.

ST PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, London, II. 443; XIV. 837, 843; XXIV. 689.

ST MARTIN, island, West Indies, XXI. 186.

,

town, France, XX. 302.

Louis Claude de, French mystic, XXI. 186.

Atlantic, XXI. 189.

ST PAUL'S SCHOOL, London, XIV. 835. ST PETER, Lake, on St Lawrence, Canada, XXI. 181.

PORT, town, Guernsey, XXI. 190; XI. 247.