ROGATION DAYS, XX. 620; 1. 654; ROLF (Rollo), Scandinavian rover, xx. litanies for, XIV. 695. ROGER I.-III., counts of Foix, IX. 354. I., grand-count of Sicily, XX. 620; XIII. 471; XXII. 25. II., count of Sicily, and first king, XX. 620; XXII. 26; conquest of Tunis by, XXIII. 621. of Hovedon, English chronicler, XII. 319. 627; IX. 535; XVII. 539. ROLLE OF HAMPOLE'S PSAlter, viii. ROLLER, agricultural implement, I. 319; of Wendover, English chronicler, ROLLER-MILLS, for flour, IX. 345. XX. 620. ROLLER-SKATING, XXII. 105. ROMANCE LANGUAGES, XX. 661; xiv. 340; Diez's works on, VII. 214; dictionaries, of, VII. 184. ROMAN CEMENT, V. 328. ROMAN DE LA ROSE, early French romance, IX. 643; William of Lorris's part in, XXIV. 585; translation of, by Chaucer, V. 451. ROMAN DRAMA, VII. 409. ROMAN DU RENART, early French poem, IX. 641. ROMAN EMPEROR, title, VIII. 179; XX. 769. ROMAN EMPERORS, Chronological table of, XX. 781. ROMAN EMPIRE, Holy, VIII. 181; XX. 787. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE, II. 422. ROMAN HISTORY, XX. 731. See Rome. ROMANI, or Roumans (q.v.), race of people, Europe, XXI. 16; XXIV. 268. ROMANI LANGUAGE (Gipsy), X. 613; dictionaries of, VII. 189. BERNARD I.-III., counts of Foix, | ROLLIN, Charles, French historian, XX. IX. 354. 627; IX. 668. ROGERS, James E. Thorold, on econo- ROLLING CONTACT, in mechanics, XV. ROMANINA, La (Marianna Bulgarelli), mics, XIX. 399. 755. John, editor of Matthew's Bible, ROLLING MILLS, Iron, XIII. 328. XX. 620; VIII. 386. Samuel, English poet, XX. 620. ROGUE, river and valley, Oregon, U.S.A., XVII. 822. ROLLO, Scandinavian rover, XX. 627; ROLLOCK, Robert, Scottish theological ROHAN, Benjamin de, Duc de Soubise, ROLLS, manuscripts, XVIII. 144. Huguenot, XXII. 277. Charles de, Prince de Soubise, English records, XX. 310. Emmanuel de, grand-master of ROLL TOBACCO, XXIII. 426. RÖHR, Johann Friedrich, German theologian, XX. 290. ROHRI, town, India, XXI. 803. ROIG, Jaume, Catalan poet, XXII. 363. ROJAS-ZORILLA, Francisco de, Spanish dramatist, XX. 624; VII. 421; XXII. 359. ROKEBY, Scott's poem, XXI. 549. ROKELLE, river, Sierra Leone, Africa, XVII. 496; XXII. 45. ROKITANSKY, Freiherr von, Viennese pathologist, XX. 624; XV. 817. ROKYZANA, Johann, leader of Calixtine sect, XVI. 811. ROLAND, Camisard leader, IV. 744. RÖM, island, Schleswig-Holstein, XXI. 414. Italian ROMAGNOSI, Giovanni D. G. G., river, Honduras, XII. 130. CANDLE, in pyrotechny, XX. 136. CATHOLIC CHURCH, XX. 628; form of baptism in, III. 351; bishops in, III. 788; celibacy in, V. 293; concordats, VI. 241; influence of crusades on, VI. 624; economic influence of, XIX. 352; the Inquisition, XIII. 91; liturgy of, XIV. 708; the popedom, XIX. 489; Propaganda, XIX. 809; in relation to the Reformation, XX. 319; Vatican Council, XXIV. 110; in Europe, VIII. 712; in Italy, XIII. 458. CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION ACT, England, XX. 631. ROMANCE, ROMANCES, XX. 632; Arab, XXIII. 5; French, IX. 638; German, X. 527; mythical, XVII. 158; Persian, XVIII. 657; Portuguese, XIX. 557; Provençal, XIX. 873; Spanish, XXII. 354, 357, 363; Syriac, XXII. 834. patroness of Metastasio, XVI. 104. ROMANINO, Girolamo, Brescian painter, XXI. 436, 443. ROMAN INSCRIPTIONS, XIII. 124. ROMAN LAW, XX. 669; relation of modern international law to, XIII. 191; Justinian's codification of, XIII. 792; schools of, XIV. 164. ROMAN LITERATURE, XX. 715; rhetoric, XX. 514; romance, XX. 633; in time of Virgil, XXIV. 248. ROMAN NUMERALS, II. 525; XVII. 625. ROMANO, Giulio (Giulio Pippi), Italian painter, XIX. 112; XV. 504. ROMANOFF, royal family, Russia, XXI. 95. ROMANOFF BORISOGLYEBSK, Russia, XXIV. 731. town, ROMANOS, Ramon M., Spanish satirist, XXII. 361. ROMAN ROADS, XX. 582; Itinerarium, XIII. 517. ROMANS, town, France, XX. 727. Epistle to the, XX. 727. ROMANSCH LANGUAGE (Rumonsch or Ladin), XX. 668; XIII. 492; dictionaries of, VII. 186. ROMANSHORN, XXIII. 331. ROMANTICISM, in English literature, xx. 857; in French, IX. 675; VII. 427; in German, X. 541; VII. 443; Schelling on, XXI. 390; in Polish literature, XIX. 304; in music, III. 598. ROMANUS I.-IV., emperors of the East, XX. 730. town, Switzerland, ROMBERG, Moritz Heinrich, German physician, xv. 817. ROMBLON, island, Philippines, XVIII. 752. ROME, Ancient, History of, XX. 731 (index, 838); empire in Asia, II. 699; under Augustus, III. 79; conquest of Britain by, IV. 352; VIII. 264; XXI. 474; in time of Cæsar, IV. 634; wars with Carthage, v. 161; empire at time of Christ, XIII. 662; relations with Jews in time of Christ, XX. 727; relations of, to Christianity, v. 691, 693; under Constantine, VI. 299; conquest of Egypt by, VII. 748; extent of the empire, X. 176; conquest of Gaul by, IX. 527; of Germany, X. 474; siege and pillage of, by the Goths, 1. 443; conquest of Greece by, XI. 108; under Nero, XVII. 349; struggles with Parthian empire, XVIII. 595; conquest of Sicily by, XXII. 21; of Spain, XXII. 305; attack on Syracuse, XXII. 817. Ancient, Topography and archæology of, 11. 343; VIII. 840; xx. 807 (index, 838); agriculture of, I. 292; amphitheatres, I. 774; architecture, II. 414; architecture of churches, II. 434; army, II. 562; basilicas, III. 415; baths, III. 434; coins, XVII. 637, 652; | colonies, VI. 158; comitia, VI. 194; commerce, VI. 199; office of consul, VI. 313; decrees of, on inscriptions, XIII. 132; drama, VII. 409; education in, VII. 671; festivals, IX. 114; games, X. 65; glass-making, X. 648; improvements in, under Trajan, XXIII. 505; libraries, XIV. 511; orders of nobility, XVII. 526; religion, XX. 371; influences on religion of, XIII. 780; slavery, XXII. 131; Stoicism in, XXII. 572; taxation and finance, IX. 173; tenure of land, XIV. 260; terracotta remains, XXIII. 194; theatres, XXIII. 224. Modern, xx. 833 (index, 838); XIII. 467; at close of the papal temporal power, XIX. 158; sack of, by Constable de Bourbon (1527), V. 822; XIII. 482; carnival, v. 122; Catacombs, v. 207; mural paintings in Catacombs, XVII. 43; dialect, XIII. 496; libraries, XIV. 528, 548; newspapers, XVII. 431; observatory at, XVII. 714; schools of painting, XXI. 438, 443; picture galleries, XXI. 446; Michelangelo's artwork in, XVI. 231; Raphael's, XX. 277; Christian pilgrimages to, XIX. 94; sculpture, XXI. 568, 570; university, XXIII. 836. -, town, New York, U.S.A., xx. 838. Foundation of, Era of, V. 712. ROMEITE, mineral, XVI. 428. ROME LA GRANT, Latin romances, XX. 637. ROMFORD, town, England, xx. 838. collection of fables, XVIII. 727. AUGUSTULUS, Roman emperor, XX. 781; XVII. 726. RORIDULA, genus of insectivorous plants, XIII. 137. RORQUAL, cetacean mammal, XV. 395; XXIV. 524. RORSCHACH, town, Switzerland, XXI. 169. RORY O'MORE, Lover's novel, XV. 29. ROSA, genus of plants, xx. 850. 31. Monte, Pennine Alps, 1. 625; XXIV. Francisco Martinez de la, Spanish poet, XXII. 361. Salvator, Italian painter and satirist, XX. 846; as poet, XIII. 512. RONALDSHAY, islands, Orkney, Scot- ROSAMOND, wife of Alboin, king of the land, XVII. 846. Lombards, XIV. 814. RONCAGLIA, Italy, Diet of (1154), XIII. Fair, mistress of Henry II. of England, xx. 848. 472. RONCESVALLES, Pyrenees, Battle of ROSANILINE, dye, II. 48. (778), XX. 626; XXII. 310. RONDA, town, Spain, XX. 840. Serrania de, mountain group, Spain, XXII. 294. RONDEAU, or Rondel, short poem, XX. RONDELETIUS, Jacobus, Swedish writer, RONG, region, Tibet, XXIII. 339. RONNEBURG, town, Germany, XXI. 347. RONSDORF, town, Prussia, xx. 842. ROOFING TILES, XXIII. 387. ROOK, bird, XX. 842; VI. 617; cranium of, III. 715. · ROOKE, Sir George, English naval commander, XX. 843. ROORKEE, town, India, XXI. 152. ROOSEBEK, Belgium, Battle of (1382), IX. 548. ROSARIO, town, Argentine Republic, XX. 848. El, town, Mexico, VIII. 155. ROSARY, in Roman Catholic Church, XX. 848. ROSAS, Manuel de, president of Argentine Republic, xx. 848; II. 491. ROSCELLINUS, scholastic philosopher, XX. 848; XXI. 421. ROSCHER, Wilhelm, German economist, XIX. 391. RÖSCHLAUB, Andreas, German physician, XV. 814. ROSCIAD, The, by Churchill, v. 766. ROSCIANUM (Rossano), ancient town, Italy, XX. 855 ROSCIUS, Roman actor, VII. 412. ROSCOE, William, English writer, XX. 849. ROSCOELITE, mineral, XVI. 426. ROSCOMMON, County, Ireland, xx. 849; representation, XXIII. 727; town, XX. 850. Earl of, poet, XX. 850. or Erysipelas, skin disease, VIII. 531; XXII. 122. Roman de la, early French romance, IX. 643; V. 451; XXIV. 585. Valentine, on the writings of Aristotle, II. 512. ROSEAU, town, Dominica, West Indies, ROOST, whirlpool, Shetland, Scotland, ROSELITE, mineral, XVI. 404. ROOT, ROOTS, of plants, IV. 94; pressure ROSELLE, town, Italy, vIII. 636; XI. 212. ROSELLINI, Ippolito, Italian Egyptolo- ROPER, Mrs, daughter of Sir Thomas ROSEMARY, plant, XX. 851; XII. 289. ROPEWALK SPINNING, XX. 844. ROSENBLATT, Wilibrandis, wife of Ecolampadius, XVII. 729. ROQUEFAVOUR, France, Aqueduct of, ROSENHANE, Gustaf, Swedish poet, ROSENHOF, Rösel von, on protoplasm, | ROSSELLINO, Antonio, Florentine sculp- | ROTHINE, dye, v. 86. ROSENKREUZER (Rosicrucians), fabu lous secret society, XX. 852. tor, XX. 856. Bernardo, Italian sculptor and architect, XX. 857. ROSENSTEIN, Nils von, Swedish writer, ROSSETTI, Dante Gabriel, English poet XXII. 757. ROSENSTIEHL'S GREEN, pigment, XIX. 88. ROSE OF JERICHO, plant, XX. 851. ROSEOLA, skin disease, XV. 658; xxII. 122. ROSES, Attar of, XVIII. 526. Wars of the, in England, VIII. 327, 329; XI. 661; XXI. 740. ROSETTA, town, Egypt, XX. 851; VII. 768. and painter, XX. 857; XXI. 442. ROSSIGNOL, lake, Nova Scotia, XVII. 601. STONE, XX. 851; interpretation of, RÖST, island, Norway, XIV. 769. ROSICRUCIANS, fabulous secret society, ROSTOPCHIN, Count, governor of MosXX. 852. COW, XVII. 217. ROSIÈRES-AUX-SALINES, town, France, ROSTRA, on Comitium, at Rome, xx. 816. RÖS VAND, lake, Norway, XVII. 576. ROSWEYD, Heribert, Bollandist father, IV. 18. ROTHMANN, Bernhard, German Anabaptist, I. 786. ROTHSCHILD, family of Jewish bankers, XXI. 3. ROTHWELL, town, England, XXI. 3. ROTIFERA, class of animals, XXI. 4; in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 813. ROTOMAGUS (Rouen), Roman town, France, XXI. 12. ROTONDO, Mont, Corsica, VI. 439. ROTROU, Jean de, French tragic poet, XXI. 8; IX. 657. ROTTERDAM, town, Holland, XXI. 9. RÖTTISITE, mineral, XVI. 425. ROTTLERIN, principle in kamala, XIII. 831. ROTTNEST ISLAND, Western Australia, XXIV. 508. ROTULI LITTERARUM CLAUSARUM, Chancery rolls, XX. 311. ROU (Rollo), Scandinavian rover, IX. 535; XVII. 539; XX. 627. ROUBAIX, town, France, XXI. 10. ROUBILIAC, Louis François, French sculptor, XXI. 10, 560. ROUCHER, Jean Antoine, French poet, XXI. II. ROUDAIRE, Élie, on flooding the Sahara, XXI. 151. ROUEN, town, France, XXI. 11, 626; libraries of, XIV. 526, 546; pottery ware, XIX. 630. ROUGE, colouring matter, XXI. 13. ROSWITHA (Hrosvitha), medieval writer, ROUGÉ, Olivier C. C. E., Vicomte de, XII. 326; VII. 412. ROTALIA, genus of Foraminifera, IX.374. ROTALIDEA, order of Protozoa, XIX. 847. ROTARY ENGINES, XXII. 516. OF THE EARTH, Evidence of, VII. 601; X. 197; how affected by tidal | friction, XXIII. 377, 378; its geological effects, X. 216. ROSPIGLIOSI, Giulio (Pope Clement ROTATIONS, in mechanics, XV. 690; IX.), v. 822. Ross, county, Scotland, xx. 853. Earls of, XX. 854. J., settler, Keeling Islands, XIV. 27. Sir James Clark, Arctic and Antarctic explorer, XX. 855; X. 192, 195; XIX. 320, 330. energy in, VIII. 207. ROTATORIA, group of animal parasites, ROTHAMSTED, England, Manure ex- Sir John, Arctic voyager, XX. 855; | ROTHARI, king of the Lombards, XIV. Egyptologist, XI. 794. ROUGET DE LISLE, Claude Joseph, French song-writer, XXI. 13. ROUGH CAST, in architecture, II. 472. ROULE, Cornelis, Dutch Arctic explorer, XIX. 318. ROULERS, town, Belgium, XXI. 14. ROUM, Arabic name for the Romans, XXI. 14. ROUMANIA, country, Europe, XXI. 14; kingdom, in 12th century, XI. 118; forests of, IX. 402; Greek Church of, XI. 157; Jews in, XIII. 686; language of, VIII. 621; XXIV. 270; newspapers of, XVII. 432; periodical literature of, XVIII. 543; Roman Catholics in, xx. 631. ROUMANIAN (or ROUMAN) Language (Walachian), XXIV. 269; Xx. 668; VIII. 621; XIV. 341; dictionaries of, VII. 186. ROUMANIANS, or Roumans, XXIV. 268; in Greece, XI. 83; in Russia, XXI. 80; of Transylvania, XXIII. 522. ROUMELIA, province, Bulgaria, XXI. 21; Eastern, united to Bulgaria, XXIII. 652. ROUND, in music, XVII. 82. ROUNDABOUT PAPERS, Thackeray's, XXIII. 216. ROUNDEL, in heraldry, XI. 697. ROUND TABLE, Legend of the, vIII. 407; XV. 523; romances of, II. 650; | 270. ROWLEY, G. D., on birds, XVIII. 13. 33. William, English dramatist, XXI. REGIS, town, England, XXI. 33. RUANG, Phra, Siamese ruler, XXI. 854. RUAS (Rugulas), Hunnic king, XII. RUBAIS, form of Persian poetry, XVII. 771. India-, XII. 835. ROXANA, wife of Alexander the Great, RUBBER, of whist, XXIV. 546. ROUS, or Rouse, Francis, translator of ROXAS-ZORILLA, Francisco de, Spanish ROUSSILLON, province, France, XXI. ROUVRAY, Louis de, Duc de Saint Simon, ROVERE, Della, ruling family of duchy Francesco della (Pope Sixtus IV.), XXII. 103. Francesco Maria della, prince of Urbino, XV. 787. Giuliano della (Pope Julius II.), XIII. 771. ROVNO, town, Russia, XXIV. 282. agent, XX. 619. ROWAN-TREE, or Mountain Ash, 11. 680. ROWE, Nicholas, English dramatist, XXI. 29; VII. 435. ROWERS, Greek, XXI. 807. ROWING, XXI. 29. dramatist, XX. 624; VII. 421; XXII. ROXBURGH, county, Scotland, XXI. 33. CASTLE, Scotland, XXI. 34. ROXBURY, suburb of Boston, Massa- 35. William, English geodesist, XXI. RUBBLE WORK, in architecture, II. 472; | RUBELLAN, mineral, XVI. 413. ROYABAMBA, town, Ecuador, South RUBROUCK, commune, French Flanders, ROYAL FAMILY, British, Precedence of, RUBY, precious stone, XXI. 47. ROYAL HOUSEHOLD, English, XXI. 35; RUCELLAI, Giovanni, Italian writer, ROYAL MINT, London, XVI. 486. XIII. 510. RÜCKERT, Friedrich, German poet, XXI. 49; X. 543. ROYAL SOCIETY, of London, XXI. 38; RUCU PICHINCHA, mountain, Ecuador, ROYAL SUPREMACY, over Church of RUDAGI, Persian poet, XXI. 49; XVIII. ROYAL TITLES, XXIII. 417. ROYAL VETO, XXIV. 207. ROYAT, spa, France, XVI. 435, 436; xx. 120. ROY BAREILLY, district and town, India, XX. 222. ROYER-COLLARD, Pierre Paul, French ROWLAND, his experiments in mag- ROZET, Abbé, French agriculturist, netism, XV. 255. XXIV. 198. aeronaut, I. 188, 191. ROWLANDS, Daniel, Welsh Methodist ROZIER, François Pilâtre de, French ROWLANDSON, Thomas, English cari- RSHEFF, town, Russia, XXI. 119; XXIII. 656. RUDBECK, Olaf or Olof, Swedish natu- RUDE, François, French sculptor, XXI. RUDENBECK, Germany, Dolmen at, XXI. RUDE STONE MONUMENTS, XXI. 50; RUDNIK, mountains, Servia, XXI. 686. RUDOLPH I., German king, XXI. 53; II., emperor, XXI. 53. RUDOLPHINE TABLES, Kepler's, XIV. 47. RUDOLSTADT, town, Germany, XXI. 53, 461. Schwarzburg-, principality, Germany, XXI. 461. RUDSTON, Yorkshire, England, Mono- RUEDA, Lope de, Spanish dramatist, VII. 420; XXII. 356. RUFF, bird, XXI. 54. RUKH (Roc), fabulous bird, xx. 611. RULE BRITANNIA, Music of, II. 623. XVII. 277. RULE OF THREE, in arithmetic, II. RULES OF PROCEDURE, in law, XIV. RULHIÈRE, Claude Carloman de, French RUFF-AND-HONOURS, old card game, RULING, Paper, XXII. 461. XXIV. 543. RUFFE, fish, XIX. 481. RUFIJI, river, Africa, 1. 255. RUFINUS, the Goth, XX. 780. - Tyrannius, early Christian writer, XXI. 55; XXII. 238; his relation to St Jerome, XIII. 630; his translations and editions of Origen, XVII. 840. RUFISQUE, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI. 660. RULLIANUS, Q. Fabius, Roman general, RUPHIA, river, Greece, 1. 615; XVIL RUM, spirituous liquor, XXI. 58; distil- island, Scotland, II. 500. 765. RUPPINER SEE, lake, Prussia, XVII. 364. RUPTURE, disease, XI. 752. in beams, Modulus of, IV. 292. RURIK, early Russian chief, xxI. 87. (Asia Minor), Seljuks of, XXI. 14, RURKI, town, India, XXI. 152. 636. RUMEX, genus of plants, VII. 309. RUMI, Jelal-uddin, Persian poet, XXI. RUM KALA, town, Syria, II. 147. RUM SHRUB, beverage, XXI. 59. RUHMESHALLE, at Munich, Bavaria, RUNCIMAN, Alexander, Scottish painter, RUHNKEN, David, classical scholar, XXI. 57; his relations with Wyttenbach, XXIV. 714. RUHR, river, Germany, XX. 519. RUHRORT, town, Rhenish Prussia, XXI. 58. RUIBINSK (Rybinsk), town, Russia, XXI. RUINI, Carlo, Italian veterinarian, XXI. 60. John, Scottish painter, XXI. 60 RUNIGUNJ (Raniganj), coalfield, Bengal, RUNJIT (or RANJIT) SINGH, Sikh ruler, RUIN MARBLE, mineral, XVI. 397. XV. 177. RUNN, of Cutch, morass, India, VI. 730. RUNO, island in Baltic Sea, Russia, RUSA, deer of Java, XIII. 602. | RUSH, plant, XXI. 62. Benjamin, American physician RUSHT, or Rasht, town, Persia, XVIII. RUSHWORTH, John, English compiler GOSPELS, VIII. 382. RUSS COMMONWEALTH, Giles Fletcher's RUSSELL, Earl, English statesman, XXI. 63; VIII. 366; his relations with Lord Palmerston, XVIII. 195. William, Lord, English patriot, XXI. 65. 66. John Scott, Scottish engineer, XXI. RUSSELLE (Roselle), Etruscan town, 110); original principality of, XXI. 89; in Asia, II. 701; XVIII. 101; XXII. 1; influence of, on the balance of power in Europe, III. 269; in time of Catherine II., v. 233; conquest of the Caucasus by, v. 258; Crimean War, IX. 623; sympathy of, with modern Greeks, XI. 122; conquest of the Khazars by, XIV. 60; invasion of, by Mongols, XVI. 741, 747; invasion of, by Napoleon (1811), IX. 616; XVIL 216; war with Persia, XVIII. 647; share of, in partition of Poland, XIX. 298; influence of, in Turkestan, XXIII. 637, 639; wars with Turkey (1736, 1828, 1877), XXIII. 647,650, 652; academies, 1. 72, 77; army, II. 608; arsenals, II. 634; artillery, II. 660, 667; coalfields, VI. |