OSMOSIS, absorption process in plants, | OSTROG, town, Russia, XXIV. 282. XIX. 44. OSNABRÜCK, town, Prussia, XVIII. 55. OSPREY, bird, XVIII. 56. OSRED, Northumbrian king, XVII. 570. OSRIC, Northumbrian king, XVII. 570. OSSAU, mountain, France, XX. 126. OSSEOUS TISSUE, or Bone, 1. 853. OSSET-CUM-GAWTHORPE, town, England, XVIII. 57. OSSETES, Circassian race of people, v. 257. OSSETIC LANGUAGE, Dictionary of, VII. 190. OSSETR, fish, XXII. 612. OSTADE, Adrian, Dutch painter, XVIII. Isaac, Dutch painter, XVIII. 59. OSTASHKOFF, town, Russia, XVIII. 59; XXIII. 672. OSTROGOTHS, or East Goths, X. 848; in OSTROGOZHSK, town, Russia, XXIV. 298. OSUNA, town, Spain, XVIII. 63; XXI. OTHMAN, caliph, XVI. 548, 549, 563. or Osman, I., Turkish ruler, XXIII. 640. II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 644; XVIII. 55. BEN AFFAN, Mohammed's son-inlaw, XVI. 548, 563, 604. OTIORHYNCHUS, genus of insects, XXIV. 238. OTIS, genus of birds, IV. 579. James, American lawyer and politician, XVIII. 67; I. 721; XXIII. 736. OTITIS, or Ear-Ache, disease, VII. 594. OTLEY, town, England, XVIII. 68. OTOBA BUTTER, vegetable fat, XVII. 744OTOCORYS, genus of birds, XIV. 316. Duke of, Quevedo's relations with, OTOCYON, genus of carnivorous mam XX. 178. 64. mals, XV. 439. OTOES, American-Indian tribe, XII. 832. Duke of (Joseph Fouché), IX. 476. OSWEGO, town, New York, U.S.A., OTRIC of Saxony, mediæval teacher, FLOUR, XV. 310. III. 100. OSWIN, St, Priory of, Tynemouth, Eng- OSWULF, king of Northumbria, XVII. Oswy, king of Northumbria, XVII. 569. XXII. 74. OTTAWA, town, Canada, XVIII. 68; river, town, Illinois, U.S.A., XVIII. 69. OTTAWAS, American-Indian tribe, XII. 831. OTTENSEN, town, Prussia, XVIII. 69. OTTERBEIN, P. W., founder of United OSTEND, town, Belgium, XVIII. 60; OTAGO, town, New Zealand, XVII. 470; | OTTERBURN, England, Battle of (1388), siege of (1601), XII. 78. university of, XVII. 470; XXIII. 856. OTAHEITI (Tahiti), island, Pacific, XXIII. 22. OTAMISH, division of Turkomans, XVI. OTARIIDE, family of carnivorous mam- OTFRID, or Otfried, German poet, x. OTHELLO, Shakespeare's play, XXI. 764; OTHGAR, Frankish margrave, XX. 651. XXI. 490. OTTEREN, river, Norway, XVII. 575. OTTO, or Otho (q.v.), emperors, XVIII. Dr, his gas-engine, XXII. 523. OTTOMAN EMPIRE, XXIII. 640. 656. OTнO I., emperor, XVIII. 66; X. 483; OTTOMANS, or Ottoman Turks, XXIII. II., emperor, XVIII. 66; X. 485. IV., emperor, XVIII. 67; X. 491. XI. 667. king of Greece, XI. 125. prince of Savoy, XXI. 339. 661; in Greece, XI. 120. OTTOMAQUES, tribe of South-American Indians, I. 703. OTTO (or ATTAR) OF ROSES, perfume, III. 52; XX. 851. OTTOWALD, mountain, Germany, XXI. 349. OTTRELITE, mineral, XVI. 413. OTTUMWA, town, Iowa, U.S.A., XVIII. 70. OUACHITA, river, Louisiana, U.S.A., | OVERBECK, Johann Friedrich, German XV. 20. OWEN STANLEY MOUNTAINS, New Guinea, XVII. 387. painter, XVIII. 76. OUDART, Paul Louis, illustrator of birds, OVER DARWEN, town, England, xviii. XVIII. 12. OUDE, or Oudh, province, India, XVIII. 71; XII. 809. OUDENARDE, town, Belgium, XVIII. 71; battle of (1707), III. 126; IX. 582; XV. 555OUDH, province, India, XVIII. 71; annexation of, by the British, XII. 809; birds of, III. 762. OUDINOT, Charles Nicolas, duke of Reggio, French marshal, XVIII. 73. OUDNEY, Dr, African traveller, v. 801. OUGHTRED, William, English mathematician, XVIII. 74; I. 514. OULLINS, town, France, XX. 529. OUNALASKA, island, Aleutian group, North Pacific, I. 480. OUNCE, carnivorous mammal, XV. 435. OUNDLE, town, England, XVII. 556. OUPLYTZ, fortress, Georgia, Russia, X. 785. OURCQ CANAL, Paris, XVIII. 285. OURGA, or Urga, town, Mongolia, XXIV. II. 154. OUTCROP, of rocks, in geology, X. 298. OUTFANGTHEOF, Cinque Port privilege, v. 787. OUTLAW, in English law, XVIII. 75. OUTRIGGER, racing boat, XXI. 31, 805. OVARIOTOMY, in surgery, XXII. 690. OVEN, heating chamber, XVIII. 76; III. 77. OVERGNAGHI, political party of media- 77. OVIBOS, musk-ox, XVII. 108. OVID (Publius Ovidius Naso), Roman poet, XVIII. 78; XX. 723; language and style of, XIV. 335; representative of the Augustan age, III. 83. OVIEDO, Kingdom of, Spain, XXII. 311. province, Spain, II. 824; XVIII. 84. -, town, Spain, XVIII. 84; church of Sta Maria de Naranco near, II. 432. Y VALDEZ, Gonzalo Fernandez de, Spanish historian, XVIII. 84. OVIFAK, Greenland, Nickel iron found at, XVI. 113. OVISTS, versus Animalculists, XXIV. 815. Ovo, Castel dell', Naples, XVII. 189. OVOCA, vale, Wicklow, Ireland, xxiv. 557 OVRUTCH, town, Russia, XXIV. 282. OVULE, rudimentary seed, in plants, IV. 145. OVULUM, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 651. OVUM, in animals, 1. 844; XX. 413; fertilization of, XXI. 721; of mammals, XV. 368; works on its structure and morphology, VIII. 168. OWASCO, Lake, New York, U.S.A., XVII. 451. OWEGO, town, New York, U.S.A., XVIII. 85. OWEN, John (1560–1622), Latin epigrammatist, XVIII. 85. John (1616-1683), Puritan theologian, XVIII. 85; XII. 728; on Presbyterianism, XIX. 689. Sir Richard, on birds, XVIII. 24; on the classification of reptiles, XX. 438; his zoological classification, XXIV. 807. Robert, English philanthropist and socialist, XVIII. 86; XXII. 207, 209; on communism, VI. 211. GLENDOWER, Welsh prince, X. 678; VIII. 320; XI. 660. OWENSBOROUGH, U.S.A., XVIII. 88. OWENS COLLEGE, Manchester, England, XV. 462; XXIII. 854. OWEN'S LAKE, California, U.S.A., iv. 698. town, Kentucky, OWENSON, Sydney (Lady Morgan), | of Valois, V. 237. OWL, bird, XVIII. 88. OWL-PARROT, of New Zealand, XIII. 825. OWNERSHIP, in law, XIX. 560. OWYHEE, river, Nevada, U.S.A., XVII. 367. OX, XV. 432. See also Cattle. OXALIS, genus of plants, XII. 285. OXENSTIERNA, Axel, count of, Swedish statesman, XVIII. 92; V. 702; XXII. 748. OXEYE, bird, XXIII. 419. Oxford, county, England, XVIII. 93; representation, XXIII. 727. town, England, XVIII. 94; boatracing at, XXI. 31; colleges, VIII. 317; libraries, XIV. 519, 544; Arundelian marbles, II. 671; observatories, XVII. 710; heliometer in observatory, XXIII. 149; newspapers, XVII. 422; university, XXIII. 837, 838, 852; 1. 69; Provisions of (1258), VIII. 311; XVI. 788; Anthony Wood's History of, XXIV. 643. First Earl of, English statesman, XVIII. 99; his relations with Dean Swift, XXII. 764. METHODISM, XVI. 185. OXIDATIONS, in plants, XIX. 51. 591; of silver, XXII. 71. OXLEY, John, Australian explorer, III. 104. OXLIP, plant, XIX. 737. OXON, or Oxford, county, England, XVIII. 93; XXIII. 727. OXYBII, Ligurian tribe, XIV. 639. OXYHYDROGEN FLAME, XVIII. 105. XVII. 324; XXIV. 205. PACIOLI, Fra Luca, Italian painter, XIX. PACK, Hydropathic, XII. 544. PACKET-SERVICES, Postal, XIX. 567. OYER AND TERMINER, in English law, PACOCHA, town, Peru, XVIII. 674. OYKEL, river, Scotland, xx. 854. PACORUS I., Parthian king, XVIII. 597. PACTOLUS, river, Asia Minor, xv. 99; PAGANIS, Hugh de, founder of Knights PAGANISM, in relation to Christianity, PAGASÆUS SINUS, Greece, XXIII. 299; PAGE, valet or damoiseau, in chivalry, C. G., his discovery of electro- PAGING BOOKS, Machinery for, XXII. PAGLIORBA, Mont, Corsica, VI. 439. BAY, town, Long Island, New PADANG, residency and town, Sumatra, PAGODAS, of Burmah, II. 397; Chinese, York, U.S.A., XIV. 866. CATCHER, bird, XVIII. III. XXII. 639. PADAS, river, North Borneo, XXI. 123. OZAKA, town, Japan, XVIII. III; XIII. 578. | PADDINGTON, district of London, XIV. OZANAM, Antoine Frédéric, French Neo Catholic critic, XVIII. 112. OZEROFF, Vladislaff A., Russian drama- OZOCERITE, or Ozokerite, mineral wax, XVIII. 112; XVI. 429. 822. PADDLE-WHEEL STEAM SHIPS, XXI. PADDY-BIRD, XXI. 782. PADERBORN, town, Prussia, XVIII. 130. PADIHAM, town, England, XVIII. 130. OZOLE, Locri, ancient Greek people, PADILLA, Juan Lopez de, Spanish insur- OZONE, form of oxygen, XVIII. 113; V. 481. P, Maria de, mistress of Pedro I. of the sixteenth letter of the alphabet, PADUA, town, Italy, XVIII. 131; Arena XVIII. 114. chapel at, II. 455; school of medicine, PABAK, Persian prince, XVIII. 607. XVIII. 114. PACCHIAROTTO, Jacopo, Italian painter, XVIII. 132. II. 449; of India, II. 396; porcelain, PAGUS, hill near Smyrna, Asia Minor, PAHANG, district, Malay Peninsula, XV. PAHLAVI, language of the Zoroastrian PAI FANG, monuments, China, II. 449. PAILLE-MAILLE, game, vI. 608. PAI LOO, or Pai Fang, monuments, PAIN, Sensations of, XXIII. 482; psycho- PACCHIA, Girolamo del, Italian painter, PADUS (Po), river, Italy, XIX. 251. PACCHIONIAN BODIES, in the brain, I. PACHECO, Francisco, Spanish painter, quez, XXIV. 131. The, by Clement of PAINTERS' COLIC, disease, VI. 140. -, genus of plants, XVIII. 132. PÆONY, plant, XVIII. 132; XII. 257. Juan V. G., Spanish governor of PAESI, Il Giovane de' (Girolamo MuziMexico, XVI. 219. PACHNOLITE, mineral, XVI. 384. PACHOMIUS, founder of the monastic life, I. 10; XVI. 699. PACHUCA, town, Mexico, XVI. 214. PACHYMERES, Georgius, Byzantine his- PACHYTYLUS, genus of locusts, XIV. 765. PACIFIC OCEAN, XVIII. 114; first seen by Balbao, III. 274; explorations of, X. 193, 195; marine fishes of, XII. 679; islands, XIX. 418. ano), Italian painter, XVII. 114. fine art, IX. 206; in relation to poetry, Schools of, XXI. 433. PÆSTUM, Greek town, Italy, XVIII. 132; PAISANO, bird, VI. 687. PETUS, Thrasea, Roman Stoic, XVIII. PAISI, Bulgarian monk, XXII. 150. PAISIELLO, Giovanni, Italian musical composer, XVIII. 140; XVIII. 99. PAEZ, José Antonio, president of PAISLEY, town, Scotland, XVIII. 140. PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, attached to PAGANINI, Nicolo, Italian violinist, PAKHT, Egyptian divinity, VII. 718. nerves, I. 862. PAKNAM, town, Siam, XXI. 853. PHO, river, Siam, XXI. 850. PALA D'ORO, altarpiece, St Mark's, PALEICHTHYES, subclass of fishes, XII. PALÆMON, genus of crustaceans, XXI. 847. PALEOCRYSTIC SEA, XIX. 320, 328. PALEOGRAPHY, XVIII. 143; Egyptian, XI. 794; Greek, XIX. 610; Hebrew, XI. 597; Mexican, XVI. 212; Madden's work on, XV. 176. See also Alphabet and Inscriptions. PALANPUR, native state, India, XVIII. PALATE, I. 825, 895; VII. 223; XXIII. 79; of mammals, XV. 361. PALINGENESIS, Ballanché's work on, III. 286. PALIO DELLE CONTRADE, Sienese PALATINATE, The, province, Bavaria, PALISADE, in fortification, IX. 422. PALATINE, Counties, in England, VI. HILL, Rome, XX. 822. PALATINES, Polish senators, XIX. 288. PALAWAN, island, Philippines, XVIII. PALAZZOLO, town, Italy, XVIII. 167. PALISADES, The, New York, U.S.A., PALISSY, Bernard, French potter, XVIII. PALITANA, state, India, XVIII. 187. PALLA, or Pallium, the pall, an ecclesiastical dress, XVIII. 189; VI. 461, 463. or Pallium, Roman dress, VI. 453, 456; XXIII. 207. 179. Giuoco della, Italian tennis, XXIII. PALEARIO, Aonio, Italian humanist and PALLADIA, wife of Salvian, XXI. 238. PALEMBANG, residency and town, Suma- Michael VIII., Byzantine emperor, PALEONTOLOGY, in geology, X. 319; in town, Spain, XVIII. 168; uni- 490. PALLADIO, Andrea, Italian architect, PALLADIUM, or Palladion, image of 583. metal, XIX. 189, 193; XVI. 383; as chemical element, v. 538; discovery of, XXIV. 633. PALLADIUS, St, early missionary to Rutilius Taurus Emilianus, Roman writer, XVIII. 188. 412. PATRICK, bishop in Ireland, XVIII. PALLANTIA (Palencia), ancient town, Peter Simon, German naturalist and traveller, XVIII. 188; on birds, XVIII. 8. PALERMO, town, Sicily, XVIII. 160; Giovanni Pierluigi da, Italian PALETTE, Painter's, XVIII. 137. PALFYN, Jean, on surgical anatomy, I. PALGHAT, town, India, XVIII. 182. PALÆSTRA, or Wrestling School, X. 64; PALGRAVE, Sir Francis, English his- PALETYRUS, part of ancient Tyre, XXIII. 711. PALAFOX Y MELZI, José de, duke of Saragossa, Spanish general, XVIII. 166. XVII. 249. PALAMITES (Hesychasts), sect of Greek torian, XVIII. 182; on English state PALI, Buddhist language, XVIII. 183; DI MONTECHIARO, town, Sicily, PAMELA, wife of Lord Edward Fitz- PANDA, carnivorous mammal, XV. 441. PALMELLA, Count of, Portuguese politi- PAMISUS, river, Greece, XVI. 52. PAMPAS, of the Argentine Republic, 11. 487. cian, XIX. 552. PALMER, Edward Henry, English GRASS, XX. 319. PANDALUS, genus of crustaceans, XXI. PANDAREUS, of Greek mythology, PANDARUS, of Greek legend, XVIII. 210. PAN DE AZUCAR, copper-mines, Uruguay, XXIV. 15. PANDECTS, of Justinian, XIII. 793; XX. 712. PANDEGLANG, town, Java, XIII. 606. John, inventor of mail-coaches, PAMPELUNA, or Pamplona, town, Spain, | PANDER, Christian, his investigations PALMERIN ROMANCES, XX. 656. Viscount, English statesman, XVIII. PALMISTRY, method of divination, VII. PALM OIL, XVII. 744. PALM-OIL TREE, I. 269. PALM SUNDAY, XVIII. 198. PALM-TREE WAX, XXIV. 459. PALMYRA, ancient town, Syria, XVIII. 198; commerce of, VI. 199. PALMYRENE NUMERALS, XVII. 625. PALNI, town, India, XV. 192. HILLS, India, XV. 184, 192. PALOLO, edible annelid, II. 71; XIX. 420. PALOMINO DE CASTRO Y VELASCO, PALUDINA, genus of snails, XXII. 188. XVIII. 207. PAMPERO, wind, South America, XVI. 149. in embryology, VIII. 165. PANDERPUR, or Pandharpur, town, India, XVIII. 210; XXI. 832. PAMPHILI, Giovanni Battista (Pope PANDION, genus of birds, XVIII. 56. Innocent X.), XIII. 85. Greek painter, II. 363. PAMPHYLIA, region, Asia Minor, XVIII. Egyptian divinity, VII. 718. PANAMÁ, town, Central America, XVIII. PANDORA, of Greek mythology, XXIV. 782. PANDRETHAN, India, Temple at, II. 397. PANDUA, ancient town, India, X. 112, PANEL, in architecture, II. 468. PANE WORK, in architecture, II. 470. PANGOLIN, edentate mammal, XVIII. PANHANDLE, district, West Virginia, PANICACEE, group of grasses, XI. 58. CANAL, IV. 794; XVIII. 209; Pater- PANICUM, genus of plants, XVI. 321. son's project of, XVIII. 360. HATS, XXII. 594. 772. PANCH MAHALS, district, India, XVIII. 210. PANCHPIRI (Bazigars), tribe, India, III. PANCKOUCKE, Charles Joseph, French PANIEFUL, Lake, on the Senegal, Africa, XXI. 660. PANINI, Sanskrit grammarian, XXI. 292. PANIONIUM, PANIONIA, sanctuary and PANJAB, or Punjab (q.v.), province, PANJAH, river, Central Asia, xvIII. PANJHIR, valley, Hindu Kush, XI. 839. PANJIM (New Goa), town, India, X. PANKÁS, Hindu sect, III. 671. |