socialist, XIII. 189; XXII. 210; on communism, VI. 215. MARY, The Virgin, xv. 589; XIII. 749; genealogy of, XIII. 660; immaculate conception of, XII. 715; discussions as to her epithet Mother of God, XVII. 355. others of the name in New Testament, XV. 589. Apocalypse of, II. 179. duchess of Burgundy, XII. 73. I., queen of England, XV. 592; VIII. 338, 339; her treatment of Elizabeth, VIII. 142; her marriage with Philip II., XVIII. 743; her relations with Cardinal Pole, XIX. 331. II., of England, XV. 594; VIII. 351. -, queen of Scots, XV. 594; XXI. 499; her connexion with Babington conspiracy, XXIV. 339; Chastelard's infatuation for, v. 436; her relations with Elizabeth of England, VIII. 144, 341; in France, IX. 558, 559; Don John of Austria's intrigue regarding, XVIII. 525; her relations with Knox, XIV. 132; Bishop Lesley's devotion to, XIV. 475; her relations with the regent Murray, XVII. 62. of Guelders, wife of James II. of Scotland, XXI. 493. MASCHERONI, Lorenzo, Italian mathe- MASQUE, or Mask, dramatic compo matician, xv. 608. | MASCLE, in heraldry, XI. 697. MASHAL, similitude, or proverbial distich, in Hebrew literature, III. 639; XIX. 880. MASHAM, Sir Francis, friend of Locke, XIV. 754. Mrs (Abigail Hill), favourite of Queen Anne, II. 63; XVIII. 100. MASHHAD, or Meshed, town, Persia, XVI. 46; XVIII. 618, 626, 628; XIX. 93. MASHIR, fish, XII. 743MASHITA, Moab, Sculptures in palace at, XVII. 35. MASIH AL DAJJAL, Mohammedan antichrist, II. 126. MASINISSA, Numidian king, xv. 608; XIII. 766; XVII. 627; XX. 750. MASINO, spa, North Italy, XXIV. 45. -, town, Queensland, Australia, xv. 602. MARYLAND, State, U.S.A., xv. 602; colony of, XXIII. 729; newspapers, XVII. 434. MARYLEBONE, district, London, XIV. 821. MARYOOT, lake, Egypt, VII. 709. MASANIELLO (Tommaso Aniello), MASARIDÆ, family of wasps, XXIV. 393. MAS-A-TIERRA (Juan Fernandez), island, South Pacific, XIII. 757. MASAUD, Tower of, at Ghazni, Afghanis tan, X. 560. MASAYA, town, Nicaragua, Central America, XV. 608. Man in the Iron, XIII. 360. MASKAT, or Muscat, town, Arabia, XVII. 64. MASKED COMEDY, of Italy, VII. 418. MASKELYNE, John Nevil, deviser of conjuring tricks, XV. 207, 211. Nevil, English astronomer, XV. 609; II. 757; XVII. 260. MASKINONGE, fish, XIX. 89. sition, VII. 431. MASR-AL-KAHIRA (Cairo, q.v.), town, Egypt, IV. 645. MASS, in mechanics, XV. 698. Sacrifice of the, XVI. 508; VIII. 652; XXI. 140; music for celebration of, XVIII. 180; decree respecting in council of Trent, XXIII. 550. MASSA, or Massa Carrara, town, Italy, XV. 611. -, town, Morocco, XVL 831; river, XVI. 832. MASSACHUSETTS, State, U.S.A., xv. 611; in relation to Maine, XV. 301; colony of, XXIII. 729; newspapers, XVII. 433. MASSÆSYLI, Numidian tribe, XVII. 627. MASSALIA (Marseilles), ancient Greek town, France, XV. 573. MASSALIANS, sect of Greek Church, XI. 782. MASSAVIELLE, Grotto of, at Lourdes, France, XV. 24. MASSEKHETH HEKHALOTH, Midrash, XVI. 286. MASSÉNA, André, French marshal, xv. 616. MASSES, deposits of mineral, XVI. 441. MASSICOT, mineral, XIV. 377; XVI. 385. MASSICYTUS, Mount, Asia Minor, xv. 93. MASSILIA (Marseilles), ancient Greek colony, France, X. 111; XV. 573; coins of, XVII. 636. MASK OF PANDORA, Longfellow's poem, MASSILIANS, or Semipelagians, religious sect, XVIII. 472. MASSILLON, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xv. 617. - Jean Baptiste, French preacher, MASSINGER, Philip, English dramatist, MASSYLI, Numidian tribe, XVII. 627. XXV. 36 169. MATERIALISM, in evolution, VIII. 753; | MATITANANA, Falls of, Madagascar, XV. MATLOCK, town, England, XV. 632. MATLOCKITE, mineral, XVI. 384. MATERIALISTIC THEORY, of man's MATONGAS, South-African tribe, xv. nature, II. 109. MATERIALS, Strength of, XXII. 594. XIII. 438, 439. MASTACOMYS, genus of rodent mammals, MATESE, Monti del, mountains, Italy, MASTER AND SERVANT, Law of, xv. 620; VI. 294; XIV. 165; in Roman law, xx. 688, 704. MASTER HUMPHREY'S CLOCK, Dickens's work, VII. 176. Order, XXIII. 574. 588. MATOTCHKIN SHAR, sea channel, Nova Zembla, XVII. 604. MATRAH, town, Arabia, XVII. 64. MATRONALIA, Roman festival, XIII. 779; XV. 570. MATHEMATICAL DRAWING AND MOD- MATRONS, Jury of, in law, XIII. 786. ELLING, XV. 628. MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY, X. 197; Master of Arts, origin of the degree, MATHEMATICS, XV. 629; analysis and synthesis in, I. 793; application of, to physical astronomy, II. 759; to economic questions, XIX. 386; to geography, X. 197; to magnetism, XV. 226; Hindu, XXI. 294; Pythagorean, xx. 140; reasoning in, XIV. 787; contributions to, by Lagrange, XIV. 209; by Laplace, XIV. 301; by Leonardo of Pisa, XIX. 125; by Newton, XVII. 438, 446; by Pascal, XVIII. 338; by Peacock, XVIII. 444; by Plücker, XIX. 228; by Poisson, XIX. 281; by Ptolemy, XX. 87; Montucla's History of, XVI. 798; mathematical societies, XXII. 224. MATHER, Cotton, New England divine, xv. 631. Increase, president, Harvard College, U.S.A., xv. 631. 631. Richard, New England pastor, XV. MATSYS, or Massys, Quintin, Flemish painter, XV. 620; XXI. 439. MATTATHIAS, father of Judas Maccabæus, XIII. 421; XV. 130. MATTEO DI GIOVANNI, Italian painter, XXI. 434, 442. MATTER, Properties of, xv. 633; diffusion of, VII. 217; divisibility of, III. 37; action of force on, xv. 676; Berkeley's theories of, III. 591; Des Cartes on, V. 145; Hume's theory of, in relation to mind, XII. 352; Locke's views on, XIV. 759, 761; Spinoza on, V. 156. MATTEUCCI, Carlo, Italian physicist, XV. 633. MATTHESON, Johann, German musical composer, XI. 434. MATTHEW, St, the Evangelist, XV. 633. Gospel of, x. 789. of Paris, English mediæval historian, XV. 633. Thomas, his version of the English Bible, VIII. 386. DE GRADIBUS, on anatomy, 1. 806. AND PLATT, their calico-printing MATTHIAS, emperor, XV. 634; X. 499; machines, IV. 685. MATHEW, Theobald, Irish temperance reformer, XV. 631; XXIII. 159. DA BASSI, founder of Capuchin friars, V. 79. as king of Hungary, XII. 369. BASSARABA, Voivode of Walachia, XXI. 17. CORVINUS, king of Hungary, xv. 634; XII. 367, 368. MATHEWS, Charles, English comedian, MATTHIESEN, Johann, Anabaptist Charles James, English comedian, MATTHISON, Friedrich von, German XV. 632. poet, X. 541. MATHNITHO, in Jewish literature, XVI. MATTING, XV. 634. 506. MATHURIN, Port, Rodriguez island, MATIA, island, South Pacific, XXIII. 22. MATIES, class of cured herrings, IX. 259. MATILDA, lady of England and Normandy, VIII. 302; XVII. 544; XXII. 534. countess of Tuscany, XV. 632; XIII. 471. MATINS, canonical hour, IV. 263. MATISCO (Macon), Roman town, France,❘ XV. 166. MATTIOLI, Ercolo, alleged to be the Man in the Iron Mask, XIII. 361. Pier Antonio, Sienese botanist, XXII. 43. MATTOKKI, people, Nubia, XVII. 612. MATTOON, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xv. 635. MATUA, island, Kuriles, Asia, XIV. 160. MATURATION, of the sexes, XX. 407. MAUCHBERG, mountain, South Africa, | MAURY, Alfred, on magic and astrology, | MAXIMUS TYRANNUS, Roman emperor, XXIII. 517. MAUDUYT, R. J. E., on birds, XVIII. 7. MAUGIS D'AIGREMONT, romance, XX. 653. MAUI, island, Hawaiian group, XI. 532. MAULAWI, dancing dervishes, XXI. 59. MAULE, province, Chili, v. 617. MAULÉON, town, France, XX. 127. MAULMAIN, town, British Burmah, xv. 635. MAUMEE BAY, Lake Erie, North America, XXIII. 436. MAUNA (Tutuila), island, South Pacific, XVII. 279. - KILAUEA, volcano, Hawaii, XI. 531. MAUNCH, in heraldry, XI. 703. II. 739. Jean Siffrein, cardinal, archbishop of Paris, XV. 642. Matthew Fontaine, American hydrographer, XV. 642; his Physical Geography of the Sea, X. 197. MAUSOLEUM, origin of the name, II. 413, 644; XI. 383; XV. 643; of Halicarnassus, Asia Minor, XI. 384; of Bijapur, India, III. 669; Roman, II. 419; XX. 831. MAUSOLUS, king of Caria, xv. 643; XI. MAUNDY THURSDAY, XV. 635; peni- MAUVISSIÈRE, Michel de Castelnau, tential office of, XVIII. 487. MAUPERTUIS, Peter Louis Moreau de, French mathematician, XV. 636; Ix. 671; measures arc of meridian, VII. 598; Voltaire's dispute with, XXIV. 289. MAU RANIPUR, town, India, xv. 636. MAUREPAS, Comte de, French statesman, IX. 594. Lake, Louisiana, U.S.A., xv. 20. MAURER, Georg Ludwig von, German jurist, xv. 636. MAURES, mountains, France, XXIV. 68. MAURETANIA, ancient country, North Africa, xv. 636. TINGITANA, ancient country, Africa, XVI. 834. MAURI, people of Mauretania, Africa, xv. 637. MAURICE (Mauricius), St, martyr, XV. 637. (Mauricius Flavius Tiberius), emperor of the East, xv. 637. (of Nassau), prince of Orange, stadtholder of Holland, xv. 638; XII. 77; his antagonism to Barneveldt, III. 379. elector of Saxony, xv. 638; xxi. 354; his influence on France, IX. 559; his policy towards Charles V., v. 416. John Frederic Denison, English divine, xv. 638; as Christian socialist, XXII. 21O. MAURIENNE, district, France, XXI. 332. MAURITANIA (Mauretania), ancient country, North Africa, xv. 636. MAURITIA, genus of palms, XVIII. 190. MAURITIUS, island, Indian Ocean, XV. 639; I. 272; remains of dodo found in, VII. 321; forests, IX. 408; railways, XX. 253; thunderstorms, XVI. 129; weights and measures, XXIV. 490. MAURO, Fra, Italian geographer, X. 180. MAURUS, St, Benedictine monk, XV. 642. Hrabanus (q.v.), medieval scholar, XII. 326. MAURUSIA (Mauretania), country, North Africa, xv. 636. Sieur de la, French soldier and diplomatist, V. 194. MAVIS, bird, XXIII. 321. MAVOR, William, stenographer, XXI. 834. MAVROCORDATO, Constantine and Nicholas, hospodars of Walachia, XXI. 18. XV. 645. MAXITE, mineral, XVI. 399. MAXWELL, James Clerk, English physicist, XV. 646; his experiments on compound colours, XVII. 802; his theory of magnetic molecules, XV. 276; on viscosity, XIX. 248; his work on electricity and magnetism, VIII. 15. Robert, on the husbandry of Scotland, I. 302. Sir William Stirling-, Scottish man of letters, xv. 647. MAXWELLTOWN, town, Scotland, XIV. 98. MAY, month, XV. 647. -, Cornelis Jacobsen, director, New Netherland, America, XVII. 454. MAYAGUANA, island, West Indies, III. 236. MAYANS Y SISCAR, Gregorio, Spanish writer, XXII. 360. MAYAPAN, ancient town, Central America, XXIV. 758. MAVROCORDATOS, Alexander, Greek MAYAS, people, Central America, XII. Marcus Aurelius Valerius, Roman MAYER, Johann Tobias, German astroemperor, XV. 644. MAXIMILIAN I., emperor, XV. 644; x. 496. -II., emperor, XV. 645; X. 499. -, emperor of Mexico, XV. 645; XIII. 758; his death, IX. 625. MAXIMILIANEUM, at Munich, XVII. 26. MAXIMILLA, Montanist prophetess, XVI. 775. nomer, XV. 649; his tables, II. 760; on lunar observations, XVII. 260; on magnetism, XV. 236; his formula for meridian transits, XXIII. 516. Julius Robert, German physicist, XV. 649; on the mechanical equivalent of heat, VIII. 208. I. Mademoiselle, French painter, XX. MAXIMINUS, Caius Julius Verus, MAYFLOWER, Landing of the, at Ply- Galerius Valerius, Roman emperor, | MAY-FLY, insect, VIII. 458. xv. 645. MAXIMS, La Rochefoucauld's, IX. 663; MAYKOP, town, Russia, xv. 650. XIV. 318. MAXIMUS, St, abbot of Chrysopolis, xv. 646. Magnus Clemens, Roman emperor, XV. 645; XXIII. 258. Marcus Clodius Pupienus, Roman emperor, XV. 645. Petronius, Roman emperor, xv. 646. -, Terentius, pretender in Parthia, XVIII. 603. MAYNOOTH, village and college, Ireland, xv. 650. MAYO, county, Ireland, xv. 650; representation, XXIII. 727. river, Africa, XVII. 496. Earl of, governor-general of India, XII. 811. MAYO-KEBBI, valley, Soudan, Africa, XXII. 277. MAYON, mountain, Philippine Islands, XVIII. 748. MAYOR, head of a municipality, XVII. 27. MAYOTTA, island, Comores, Africa, VI. 220. MAYOW, John, his investigations on air, v. 461. MAY-POLE, XV. 648. MAYPURES, cataracts, Orinoco river, South America, XVII. 844. MAYSVILLE, town, Kentucky, U.S.A., XV. 651. MAYUD-UD-DIN, Tomb of, at Ajmir, India, I. 434. MAZACA, town, Cappadocia, Asia Minor, v. 75. MAZAGAN, town, Morocco, XVI. 831. MAZAMET, town, France, xv. 651; XXIII. 65. MAZANDARAN, province, Persia, XV. 651; XVIII. 627. MAZARIN, Jules, cardinal and French statesman, XV. 651; IX. 569, 573; his relations with Colbert, VI. 121; his contentions with Condé, VI. 246; his Spanish policy, XXII. 332. BIBLE, III. 653. MAZATLAN, town, Mexico, xv. 653. MAZDAISM, or Zoroastrianism (q.v.), religion of ancient Persia, XX. 360. MAZE, in gardening, XIV. 180. MAZEPPA, Ivan Stephanovitch, Cossack chief, XV. 653; VI. 448; XXI. 97. MAZER-WOOD, XI. 338. MAZORAH, town, Morocco, XVI. 834. MAZOVIA, territory, Poland, XXIV. 375. MAZURANIC, Ivan, Servian poet, XXI. 691. MAZURS, race, Russian Poland, XIX. 309. MAZZARA DEL VALLO, town, Sicily, xv. 654. MAZZINI, Giuseppe, Italian patriot, XV. 654; XIII. 486; XX. 806. MAZZOLA, or Mazzuoli, Francesco Maria (Il Parmigiano), Italian painter, XVIII. 317; XXI. 437, 443. MAZZUCHELLI, Count, Italian writer, XIII. 512. MEACHAM, Joseph, Shaker leader, XXI. 737. MEAD, beverage, XII. 137. -, Edward, English physician, XV. MEAL WORM, VI. 133. MEALY MOUNTAINS, Canada, XX. 165. MEANEE, India, Battle of (1843), XVII. 176. MEAN TIME, XXIII. 392. MEAOU-TSZE (Miautse), Chinese tribe, XVI. 223; V. 642. 591. MEARNS, or Kincardine, county, Scot- MEDALLIONS, in Japanese art, XIII. 206. MEASURE, in arithmetic, II. 528. Beef and Pork, XXIII. 52; XXIV. MEDANOS, sandhills, Peru, XVIII. 670. Musical, XVII. 81. FOR MEASURE, Shakespeare's play, XXI. 764; source of, X. 620. MEASUREMENT, Geometrical, xv. 659, 630; X. 388. MEASUREMENTS, Magnetic, XV. 237. MEASURES AND WEIGHTS, xxiv. 478; abbreviations of, I. 29. MEASURING, Art of, or Mensuration, XVI. 13. MEAT, Poisonous, tainted, or diseased, XV. 782. Preserved, XIX. 707. MEATH, county, Ireland, xv. 668; representation, XXIII. 727. kingdom of, Ireland, XXIV. 513. MEAUX, town, France, xv. 669. MÉCANIQUE ANALYTIQUE, Lagrange's work, XIV. 208. MÉDÉE, Corneille's play, VI. 420. MEDEENET-HABOO, Egypt, Temples at, VII. 780. MEDELLIN, town, Colombia, South America, XV. 777. MEDES, ancient Asiatic nation, XVIII. 561. MEDFORD, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., XV. 777. MEDHURST, Walter Henry, English missionary, XV. 777. MEDIA, ancient country, Western Asia, III. 185; XVIII. 561, 586, 592; under Cyrus, VI. 752. MEDIAN APPLE, fruit, XVII. 810. MÉCANIQUE CÉLESTE, Laplace's work, MEDICAL ACTS, XV. 798. XIV. 301. MECARINO (Domenico Beccafumi), Italian painter, III. 476. MECCA, town, Arabia, xv. 669; XVI. 545, 559, 569, 571; pilgrimage to, XIX. 93. PILGRIMS, Quarantine of, XX. 155. MECHANICS, Xxv. 676 (contents, 749); MECHANICS' LIEN, in law, XIV. 570. MEADE, George G., American general, MECHITHAR DA PIETRO, founder of Mechitharists, XV. 774. MECHITHARISTS, XV. 774. Armenian monks, MECHLIN, town, Belgium, xv. 774; lace of, XIV. 188; Van Dyck's Crucifixion in cathedral, XXIV. 62. MECHTHILD, of Magdeburg, mediaval mystic, XVII. 132. MECKEL, Johann Friedrich, German anatomist, I. 814, 816; XXIV. 808; on evolution, VIII. 750. MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, XV. 778; in relation to poisons, XIX. 275. MEDICAL RELIEF, Poor Law, XIX. 477. MEDICEO - LAURENZIANA LIBRARY, Florence, Italy, XIV. 530, 548. MEDICI, House of, Italian noble family, XV. 783, 794; XIII. 479; genealogical table of, XV. 794; Michelangelo's statues of the, XVI. 233. Alessandro dei (Pope Leo XI.), XIV. 452. Alessandro dei, ruler of Florence, XV. 788. Bicci dei, Florentine noble, xv. 784. MEDICI, Giuliano dei, Florentine noble, | MEDITATIONS, of Marcus Aurelius, III. 88. MEGAMASTICTORA, division of sponges, ON PHILOSOPHY, Descartes's work, MEGAPODE, family of birds, XV. 827. SEA, XV. 819; MEDJIDIA, town, Roumania, VII. 309. 271. MÉDOC, district, France, xv. 824; wine MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE, XVIII. 561. -, Mary dei, wife of Henry IV. of MEDRICEN, mausoleum in Algeria, II. France, IX. 566. 419. MEGAPTERA, genus of cetacean mam- MEGASCLERES, group of sponges, XXII. MEGASCOLIDES, genus of worms, XXIV. MEGASTHENES, Greek traveller in MEGATHERIIDÆ, family of fossil MEGATHERIUM, extinct edentate mammal, XV. 829, 385. MEDULLA OBLONGATA, XIX. 35; MEGE-MOURIES, his process of making anatomy of, 1. 870. MEDULLARY RAYS, in plants, IV. 102. Salvestro dei, Florentine noble, MEDUSA, of Greek legend, X. 785; XVIII. XV. 783. MEDICINAL EARTH, of Lemnos, XIV. 436. MEDICINE, XV. 794 (embracing synoptical view, 794, and history, 799); academies of, 1. 77; faculty of, in universities, XXIII. 833; forensic, XV. 778; homœopathic theory of, XII. 126; parasitism in, XVIII. 269; Hindu works on, XXI. 294; Hippocrates's works on, XI. 853; Paracelsus's teachings, XVIII. 235; medical societies, XXII. 226. MEDICINE-MAN, of North-American Indians, XV. 200. 560. MEDUSÆ, group of Hydrozoa, XII. 547, MEDVYEDITSA, river, Russia, XXI. 74. MEDYN, town, Russia, xv. 824. MEER, Jan van der, Dutch painter, XV. MEERANE, town, Saxony, XV. 825. MEDICINES, of the pharmacopoeia, XVIII. MEERMAN, Gerardus, on type-making, SIDONIA, town, Spain, xv. 819. MEGACEPHALON, genus of birds, XV. 828. MEGACHIROPTERA, suborder of mam- MEGACLES, Athenian ruler, XIX. 130. MEDINET-EL-FEIYOOM, town, Egypt, MEGALITHIC REMAINS, XXI. 50; in Morocco, XVI. 834. XV. 826. MEDINET-HABU, Egypt, Temples at, VII. MEGALOPOLIS, ancient town, Greece, (Milan), ancient town, Italy, XVI. MEGALOPTERA, group of insects, XIII. 290. MEDIOMATRICA (Metz), ancient town, MEGALOSAURUS, genus of reptiles, XX. 443. butter, IV. 592. MEGERLIN (Abraham a Sancta Clara), 524. MEGIDDO, plain, Palestine, XVIII. 171. MEGILLATH TAANITH, Midrash, XVI. MÉHUL, Étienne Henri, French musical MEIBOM, Heinrich, German historian, MEIKLE, Andrew, inventor of thrashing 712. MEININGEN, town, Germany, xv. 831; MEIONITE, mineral, XVI. 412. |