The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General ...

ANNAT, or Ann, in Scots law, II. 62. ANNATES, ecclesiastical tax, II. 61. ANNATTO (Arnotto), dyestuff, II. 627. ANNE, queen of England, II. 62; VIII. 353; her favour for Harley, XVIII. 100. of Austria, wife of Louis XIII. of France, IX. 567, 571, 574.

of Beaujeu, regent of France, v.

411; IX. 553.

ANONYMOUS BOOKS, III. 657.
ANOPLA, division of nemertine worms,
XVII. 326.

ANOPLOTHERIUM, fossil ungulate mammal, XV. 430.

ANOPLURA, group of insects, XIII. 153;

XV. 24.

ANORTHIC SYSTEM, of crystals, XVI. 361.

of Bohemia, wife of Richard II. ANORTHITE, mineral, XVI. 419. of England, xx. 541.

of Brittany, wife of Charles VIII. of France, V. 411; IX. 554; at Nantes, XVII. 173.

of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII. of England, VIII. 336; XI. 665.

of Denmark, wife of James VI. of Scotland, XXI. 508.

BOLEYN, wife of Henry VIII. of England, IV. 4; VIII. 334; XI. 664. ANNEALING, in glass and metal manufacture, II. 63; of steel, XIII. 352.

ANNECY, town, France, II. 64; XXI.
332; lake, XIV. 218; XXI. 332.
ANNELIDA, class of animals, II. 65.
ANNERÖDITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
ANNESLEY, Arthur, earl of Anglesea,

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ANOUKIS, Egyptian goddess, II. 90. ANOUS, genus of birds, XVII. 531. | ANQUETIL, Louis Pierre, French

historian, II. 90.

DU PERRON, Abraham Hyacinthe, French Orientalist, II. 90; XXIV. 775. AN RIABHACHAN, mountain, Scotland, XX. 854.

ANSAIRI HILLS, Syria, XXII. 821. ANSAN, ancient province, Persia, XIII. 395.

ANSARI, Abdallah, Persian pantheistic writer, XVIII. 658. ANSBACH, town, Bavaria, II. 91. ANSELM, archbishop of Canterbury, II. 91; VIII. 303, 372; XVII. 543, 548; XXI. 422; on the idea of God, XXIII. 241; his dispute with William II., XXIV. 578; his contests with Henry I., XI. 656.

of Laon, theologian, II. 93. ANSER, genus of birds, X. 777; XIX. 647.

ANSGARIUS, or Anskar, St, first archbishop of Hamburg, XI. 408; his missionary labours in Denmark, VII. 84; in Sweden, XVI. 708; XXII. 745. ANSHAN, ancient town, Persia, XVIII. 565.

ANSLO, Reyer, Dutch poet, XII. 95. ANSON, Lord, British navigator, II. 93; X. 189.

ISLANDS, Micronesia, XVI. 256. ANSPACH (Ansbach), town, Bavaria, II.

91.

ANSTER FAIR, Tennant's poem, XXIII.

175

ANSTEY, Christopher, English poet, II.

93.

ANSTRUTHER-EASTER, town, Scotland,

II. 94.

ANTANANARIVO, town, Madagascar, XV. 175.

ANTAR, Arabian romance, II. 100, 713. ANTARA, or Antar, Arabian warrior and poet, II. 100; XVI. 537. ANTARCTIC EXPLORATIONS, VII. 530; X. 195; XIX. 329. ANTARCTIC OCEAN, II. 100. ANTEATER, families of mammals, XV. 385, 388, 389; their relation to the megatherium, XV. 830; porcupine, VII. 628; scaly, xv. 388; XVIII. 210. ANTECHINOMYS, genus of marsupial mammals, xv. 380; XXII. 285. ANTELAMI, Benedetto, Italian sculptor, XXI. 567.

ANTELOPE, group of ungulate mammals, II. 100; XV. 431; chamois, V. 384; eland, VII. 796; gemsbok, X. 141; gnu, X. 705; harte-beest, XI. 496; nylghau, XVII. 688; Indian species, XII. 742.

ANTEMNÆ, ancient town, Italy, II. 102; XIV. 344.

ANTENNÆ, of insects, XIII. 143; in ants, II. 96.

ANTENOR, Greek sculptor, II. 102.

Trojan elder, II. 102.

ANTEQUERA, town, Spain, II. 102. ANTHEM, musical composition, II. 102; XVII. 82.

ANTHEMIUS, emperor of the West, XIV. 452.

Greek mathematician, II. 103.

ANTHER, of plants, IV. 136.

| ANTHERÆA, genus of silkworms, XXII. 60.

ANTHERIDIA, sexual organs of plants, IV. 140; IX. 101, 105; XVII. 65; XX. 425. ANTHESTERIA, Athenian festival, II. 103.

ANT-HILLS, II. 96.

ANTHOCEROTEA, family of liverworts, XVII. 70.

ANTHOLOGY, II. 103.

ANTHON, Charles, American philologist, II. 106.

ANTHONY, or Antony, St, Egyptian hermit, II. 106; I. 10; XVI. 699.

St, of Padua, XVIII. 131.

ANTHOPHYLLITE, mineral, XVI. 417.

ANSTRUTHER-WESTER, town, Scot- ANTHOXANTHIN, colouring matter in

ANTHROPINI, human family, in zoology, II. 108.

ANTHROPOLOGY, II. 107; in relation to evolution, VIII. 766; to language, XVIII. 765; to mythology, XVII. 143; Prichard's contributions to, XIX. 723; anthropological societies, XXII. 226. ANTHROPOMORPHISM, II. 123, 190; Celsus on, v. 296. See also article Theism, XXIII. 234. ANTHROPOPHAGY, cannibalism, IV. 807. ANTHROPOTOMY, human anatomy, I.

799.

ANTHUS, genus of birds, XIX. 112. ANTIARIS, genus of trees, XXIII. 859. ANTIBES, town, France, II. 124. ANTIBRACHIUM, the fore-arm, 1. 826; of mammals, XV. 358.

ANTIBURGHERS, Scottish religious denomination, X. 572; XV. 132; XXIII. 728.

ANTICHINOMYS, genus of marsupial mammals, XXII. 285.

ANTICHRIST, of Scripture, II. 124; XX.

499; XXIII. 298.

ANTICLIMAX, in rhetoric, II. 127. ANTICLINAL FOLDS, in geology, X. 300. ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE, VI. 84. ANTICOSTI, island, Canada, II. 127; XX. 165.

ANTICYCLONES, in meteorology, III. 34;

VI. 7; XVI. 154.

ANTINOUS, Hadrian's page, II. 130. ANTIOCH, ancient town, Pisidia, Asia Minor, II. 133; XIX. 130.

ancient town, Syria, II. 130; XXII. 822; St Paul's connexion with, XVIII. 419; aqueduct at, II. 221; coins of, XVII. 649; siege of, by the crusaders, VI. 625.

Cæsarean era of, V. 715.

Mundane era of, V. 714.

ANTISSA, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor,
XIV. 474.
ANTISTHENES, Greek philosopher, II.
136; VI. 745; his logic, XIV. 784.
ANTITHEISM, XXIII. 234.
ANTITHESIS, in rhetoric, II. 138.
ANTITHETA, Bacon's, XX. 515.
ANTITRINITARIANISM, XXIII. 244, 725.
ANTITYPE, theological term, II. 138.
ANTIUM, ancient town, Italy, II. 138.

ANTIOCHE, ancient town, Isle of Ré, ANTIVARI, town, Montenegro, II. 138; France, XX. 302.

XVI. 781.

ANTIOCHIA MARGIANA, ancient Greek ANTLERS, of deer, VII. 23; XV. 431. town, Merv, XVI. 42, 44. ANTIOCHUS I., Soter, king of Syria, II. 133; XVIII. 587.

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ANTICYRA, three ancient towns, Greece, ANTIOQUIA, state, Colombia, VI. 154.

wife of Peleus, II. 127.

Sophocles's drama, XXII. 273.

island, Sea of Marmora, XIX. 742. ANTIGONUS CYCLOPS, king of Asia, II. 127; XV. 142; XVIII. 585.

ANTIGONUS GONATAS, king of Macedonia, II. 128; XV. 142. ANTIGORITE, mineral, XVI. 414.

ANTIPAROS, island, Greece, II. 133. ANTIPATER, father of Herod the Great, XI. 754; XIII. 424.

Macedonian general and regent, II. 134; XV. 142; XVIII. 585.

Stoic philosopher, XXII. 570. ANTIPAXO, one of the Ionian Islands, Greece, XVIII. 440. ANTIPHATES, mythic giant, XIV. 200. ANTIPHILUS, ancient painter, II. 134. ANTIPHON, Athenian orator, II. 134; XX. 509; XXIII. 323.

ANTIPHONARY, liturgical service book, II. 134; XIV. 710; XVI. 508.

ANTIGUA, island, West Indies, II. 128; ANTIPHONY, in music, II. 134; XVII. 79. XXIV. 510.

ANTIPODES, II. 134.

227.

ANTILEGOMENA, disputed books of ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETIES, II. 135; XXII. Scripture, II. 128; III. 645. ANTILIBANUS, mountain, Syria, XIV. 392; XXIII. 654. ANTILLES, islands, West Indies, II. 128; XXIV. 509; birds of, III. 748; lost birds of, III. 734.

ANTILOGARITHMS, Tables of, XIV. 776; XXIII. 12.

ANTIMACHUS, Greek poet, II. 129; XII. 115.

ANTIQUE, remains of ancient art, II. 134.
ANTIQUITIES, II. 134, 333; of America,
1. 692; classical, II. 344.
ANTIQUITY OF MAN, II. 115.
ANTIROBIDO, island, Sea of Marmora,
XIX. 742.
ANTIRRHINUM, garden plant, XII. 249,
253.

ANTISANA, mountain, Ecuador, VII. 644.

ANTISEPTICS, II. 135; as disinfectants,
VII. 258; used for preserving food,
XIX. 708; in surgery, XXII. 678.
ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT, XXII. 141.
ANTISOZZO, anti-Socinian work by
Alsop, I. 637.

ANT-LION, insect, V. 363; XIII. 152; allegorical animal, XIX. 6. ANTONELLO DA MESSINA, Italian painter, II. 138; XXI. 436, 442. ANTONGIL BAY, Madagascar, XV. 168. ANTONIA, tower, Jerusalem, XIII. 638; XXIII. 168.

ANTONIDES, Hans (Van der Goes), Dutch
poet, II. 138; XII. 95.
ANTONINI ITINERARIUM, road book,
II. 139.

ANTONINUS, Marcus Aurelius, III. 86.
Wall of, Scotland, II. 139; IV. 353;
XXI. 471; XXII. 554.

AND FAUSTINA, Temple of, II. 416; XX. 820.

139.

LIBERALIS, Greek grammarian, II.

PIUS, Titus Aurelius, Roman emperor, II. 139; III. 87.

ANTONIO, Portuguese pretender, XIX. 547.

140.

Nicolao, Spanish bibliographer, II.

DA TEMPO, Italian writer, XIII. 501. ANTONIOPOLIS, town, Mesopotamia, XVI. 48. ANTONIUS, the Rhetorician, Syriac writer, XXII. 846.

Marcus, Roman orator, II. 140. Marcus (Mark Antony), Roman triumvir, II. 140; III. 79; XX. 768; his relations with Cleopatra, v. 826. ANTONOMASIA, in rhetoric, II. 141. ANTONY (Anthony), St, II. 106; I. 10; XVI. 699; XVIII. 131.

, king of Saxony, XXI. 355. ANTOZONE, in chemistry, XVIII. 113. ANTRIM, county, Ireland, II. 142; population and representation, XXIII. 727; town, II. 144. ANT-SPIDER, II. 299. ANT-THRUSH, bird, XIX. 149. ANTWERP, province, Belgium, II. 144.

town, Belgium, II. 144; bombardment of (1830), III. 528; fortifications of, IX. 449; details of siege of (1832), IX. 458; XII. 83; pictures in, XXI. 43, 446.

ANTYLLUS, Roman surgeon, XXII. 675. ANUBIS, Egyptian divinity, II. 146; VIL 325, 718.

ANUND, Swedish king, XXII. 745.
ANUP, Egyptian divinity, VII. 718.

ANURA, order of Amphibia, I. 751.
ANUS, Anatomy of the, VII. 228; piles,
XI. 366.
ANVERS (Antwerp, q.v.), town, Belgium, APHRITE, mineral, XVI. 397.

APHONIA, nervous disease, XXIII. 320.
APHORISM, II. 171.

II. 144.

ANVIL, for smith work, II. 147; XI. 426.
ANWARI, Persian poet, II. 147; XxvIII. 658.
ANWEILER, town, Bavaria, II. 147.
ANXENOR, Greek sculptor, II. 147.
ANXIA (Lanciano), ancient town, Italy,
XIV. 259.

ANXUR (Terracina), ancient town, Italy,
XXIII. 190.

ANYER, town, Java, XIII. 605.

ANZIN, town, France, II. 147; XVII. 535. ANZITENE, ancient district, Asia, XIV. 159.

APHRAATES, Syriac writer, XXxII. 827.

APHRODITE, Greek goddess (the Roman
Venus), II. 171; XVIII. 295; the Egyp-
tian Athor, III. 13; Praxiteles's statue
of, XVIII. 853; temple of, at Paphos,
Cyprus, XVIII. 228.

mineral, XVI. 414.

AND CUPIDS, statuette, XXIII. 191.
URANIA, Phoenician goddess, XVIII.

756.
APHROTHORACA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
845.

APHTHA, Epizootic, cattle disease, XVII.

60.

II. 187.

Parthian

kingdom,

AOIDOI, ancient Greek singers, XVIII. 51. APHTHARTODOCETISM, ancient heresy, APOLLONIUS, Alexandrian grammarian,
AONYX, genus of otters, XVIII. 69.
AORSI, or Aorses, Asiatic people, XVI.

813; XVIII. 594.

AORTA, in anatomy, I. 801, 902.

AOSTA, town, Italy, II. 147.

AOUDAD, goat-like sheep, XXI. 785.

AOULIAS, Nepalese race, XVII. 341. APACHES, American Indian tribe, XII. 832.

XIII. 796.

APHTHONGIA, defect of speech, XXII.
448.

APHTHONIUS, Greek rhetorician, XX.
514; his fables, VIII. 838.

APIA, town, Navigators' Islands, Pacific,
XVII. 279.

APIARIES, III. 499.

APICIUS, Roman epicures, II. 173.

APAMEA (Birejik), ancient town, Meso- APICULTURE, bee-keeping, III. 499; XII. potamia, II. 147; XVI. 48.

Dyscolus, grammarian, II. 187.

Molo, Greek rhetorician, II. 187. -, Pergæus, Greek geometrician, II. 187; his application of geometry to astronomy, II. 749; on conic sections, VI. 273.

Rhodius, Greek epic poet, II. 187; his Argonautica, I. 499.

of Tralles, sculptor, II. 187. Tyanæus, philosopher and magician, II. 188; XXIII. 420; his life, by Philostratus, XVIII. 796.

OF TYRE, Greek romance, XX. 635. APOLLOS, of Scripture, II. 189. APOLOGETICS, in theology, II. 189; dogmatic, VII. 339; XXIII. 274; Origen's work on, XVII. 841. APOLOGETICUS, Tertullian's

work,

XXIII. 197.
APOLOGIA, of Plato, IX. 198.
APOLOGUE, fable, II. 193; VIII. 837.

APOCALYPSE, book of Scripture, II. 174; APOLOGY, Justin Martyr's, XIII. 790.
XX. 496.

APOMORPHIA, emetic, XVII. 793.

APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE, II. 174; APOPHTHEGM, II. 193; I. 783.

XVI. 315.

APOCRYPHA, of the Old Testament, II.
180; Syriac version, XXII. 824, 826;
book of Baruch, III. 404; Esdras, VIII.
541; Judith, XIII. 765; Maccabees,
XV. 131; Tobit, XXIII. 428.
APODICTIC REASONING, in logic, XIV.
785, 786.

APOGAMY, in plant reproduction, xx.

APE, zoological group, 11. 148; XV. 444;
man's relation to the, II. 107; organs
of touch in, XXIII. 479; in Spain,
XXII. 297; South American forms, I.
681; Sumatran forms, XXII. 640.
APELDOORN, town, Netherlands, II. 169.
APELLAS, Greek sculptor, 11. 169.
APELLES, Greek painter, II. 169, 363; APOLDA, town, Germany, II. 184; XXI.
XVII. 41; XVIII. 853.
APELLON, form of name Apollo, II. 185.
APENNINES, mountains, Italy, II. 169;
XIII.434,437; crossed by Via Flaminia,
IX. 289.

APOLLINARIS, Sulpicius, grammarian
of Carthage, II. 185.

MINERAL WATER, XXIV. 399.
SIDONIUS, early Christian writer,
II. 184.
APOLLINOPOLIS MAGNA (Edfu), town,
Egypt, VII. 783; temple at, II. 389.
APOLLO, Greek god, II. 185; VII. 51; his
relation to Latona, XIV. 345; oracle of,
XVII. 808; Belvidere statue of, II. 186;
temple of, at Delphi, vII. 52; temples
of, at Thebes, XXIII. 230.

APOPHYLLITE, mineral, XVI. 421.
APOPLEXY, disease, II. 193; from heat,
XXII. 666.

APOSPORY, in plant reproduction, XX.
424.

APOSTASY, II. 194; legal aspects of, XI.
738.

A POSTERIORI, in philosophy, II. 214.
APOSTLE, of Scripture, II. 194; of the

Gentiles (Paul), XVIII. 416; of Rome
(Philip Neri), xvII. 346.

APOSTLES, their relation to the Christian
church, V. 700.

Acts of the, I. 123.
APOSTLES' CREED, II. 194; VI. 561.
APOSTOLIC, designation of churches, II.
194.

APOSTOLIC FATHERS, II. 195.
APOSTOLICI, Christian sects, II. 198.

monks, XVI. 711.

APOSTOLIC VISIT, congregation of the
Church of Rome, XX. 629.
APOSTOLIUS, Michael, Greek theologian,
II. 198.

APOTACTICI, Christian sect, II. 198.
APOTHECARY, II. 198; XVIII. 730.
APOTHECIA, female organs, in lichens,
XIV. 554.
APOTHEOSIS, deification, II. 199; de-
manded by Alexander the Great, I.
484; XV. 141.
APPALACHIAN

MOUNTAINS, North
America, II. 200; I. 678; XVII. 396;
XXIII. 792.
APPALACHIAN RACES, American In-
dians, XII. 828.
APPARITIONS, II. 202.

APPEAL, in law, II. 208; English courts
of, VI. 516; XIII. 765.
APPENDICULARIIDÆ, family of Tuni-
cata, XXIII. 609, 614.
APPENDICULATA, in Lankester's zoo-
logical classification, XXIV. 813.
APPENDINI, Francesco Maria, Italian
historian, II. 210.

APPENZELL, canton, Switzerland, II.
210; XXII. 778, 784, 789; town, II.
210; XXII. 778.

APRIL, month, II. 214.

A PRIORI, in philosophy, II. 214.
APSE, in architecture, II. 215; French,
II. 430.

AQUITAINE (Aquitania), acquired by

England, VIII. 202; French conquest of, VIII. 321.

AQUITANI, Gallic tribe, X. 111.

APSHERON, peninsula, Caspian Sea, II. AQUITANIA, division of Gaul, II. 233.

215; V. 177; XXIII. 513.
APSYRTUS, Roman veterinarian, XXIV.

197.

APT, town, France, II. 215; XXIV. 114.
APTENODYTES, genus of birds, XVIII.

491.

APTERYX, genus of birds, XIV. 104;
XVIII. 44.

APTORNIS, genus of birds, XVI. 809.
APUANI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, XIV.
640.

APULEIUS, or Appuleius, Lucius, Latin
romance writer, II. 215; XX. 636;
XXI. 319; diction and style of, XIV.
338; his place in Roman literature,
XX. 726.

AQUITANUS, Prosper, early Christian writer, XIX. 824.

ARA, genus of birds, XV. 130.
ARABESQUE, ornamentation, II. 233.
ARABGIR, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 234.
ARABIA, II. 235, 686; division of Asiatic
Turkey, XXIII. 653; in time of Mo-
hammed, XVI. 545; birds of, III. 758;
coffee of, VI. 113; coins of, XVII. 650;
Jews in, XIII. 687; language of, XXI.
650.

FELIX, XXIV. 738.
ARABIan Astronomy, II. 751.
ARABIAN HISTORIANS, Early, XXIII. 1.
ARABIAN HORSES, XII. 182, 184.
ARABIAN LIBRARIES, XIV. 514.

APULIA, district, Italy, II. 216; duchy | ARABIAN MATHEMATICIANS, I. 512.

of, XIII. 471.

APULIANS, ancient Italian tribe, XIII.
445.

APURE, river, Venezuela, II. 217.
APURIMAC, river, Peru, II. 217.
AQUA APPIA, AQUA CLAUDIA, etc.,
ancient Roman aqueducts, II. 220.
AQUE SOLIS (Bath), Roman spa, Eng-|
land, III. 433, 437.

APPENZELLER, J. C., Swiss novelist, AQUAFORTIS, or Nitric Acid, XVII. 518.
AQUAMARINE, precious stone, 111. 613;
XVI. 418.

XXII. 799.

APPERLEY, Charles James, sporting writer, II. 211.

· TOPAZ, XXIII. 446.
APPIAN, Greek historian, II. 211.
AQUAMBO, Country, West Africa, II. 217.
APPIANI, Andrea, Italian painter, II. AQUAPIM, country, West Africa, II.

217.

AQUARIUM, II. 217.

APPIA VIA (Appian Way), of Claudius, AQUARIANS, early Christian sect, 11.
II. 211; V. 816.
APPLE, tree and fruit, II. 211; IV. 152;
XII. 269; culture of, in Kansas,
U.S.A., XIII. 843; for cider, v. 775.
OF DISCORD, XVIII. 295.

AQUATINT, etching, VIII. 444.
AQUEDUCT, II. 219; IV. 284; XXIV.
408; at Lisbon, XIV. 692; of Trajan,
at Segovia, XXI. 623.
AQUICULTURE, fish-culture, XIX. 126.
AQUILA, town, Italy, II. 230.

translator of Old Testament, II.
230; Targum of, XXIII. 63.

or Arno, archbishop of Salzburg, II. 625.

-, genus of birds, VII. 590.

APPROBATION, Love of, in phrenology, AQUILLIUS, Manius, Roman consul, II.

XVIII. 845.
APPROXIMATION, in algebra, I. 553.
APPULEIUS, or Apuleius (q.v.), II. 215;
diction and style of, XIV. 338.
APRAKSIN, Russian general, XXI. 99.
APRICA PASS, North Italy, XXIV. 45.
APRICOT, tree and fruit, II. 214; XII.
269.

APRIES, Egyptian king, II. 214.

231.

AQUILONIA, Samnite town, Italy, XXI.

249.

AQUINAS, Thomas, scholastic philosopher,
II. 231; XVI. 710; XXI. 427; his ethical
system, VIII. 594; on the idea of God,
XXIII. 241; hymns by, XII. 584.
AQUISGRANUM (Aix-la-Chapelle), an-
cient town, Rhenish Prussia, I. 432.

ARABIAN MEDICINE, I. 805; XV. 805.
ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS,

XXIII. 316; 11. 263; French translation
of, X. 37; Lane's translation, XIV. 282.
ARABIAN PHILOSOPHY, II. 265; 1. 501;
XXI. 426.

ARABIAN SEA, II. 270.

ARABICI, Christian sect, II. 270.
ARABIC LANGUAGE, X. 595; XVIII. 778;
XXI. 650; dialects, II. 253; diction-
aries, VII. 189; grammar, II. 253.
ARABIC LITERATURE, II. 262; Hama-
sah, XI. 402; histories, XXIII. I;
Koran, XVI. 597; Moallakat, XVI. 536;
Thousand and One Nights, XXIII. 316.
ARABIC NUMERALS, II. 525; XVII. 626.
ARABISTAN, district, Persia, XIV. 68.
ARABKIR, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 234.
ARABONA (Raab), Roman station, Hun-
gary, XX. 190.

ARABS, origin of the race, II. 245; in
Africa, I. 262; of Algeria, 1. 564; their
first intervention in Persia, XVIII. 610;
their invasion of Spain, XXII. 309; re-
ligions of, XVI. 546; XX. 361.
ARACAN (Arakan), division, British Bur-
mah, II. 305.

ARACARIS, bird, XXIII. 477.
ARACATI, town, Brazil, 11. 270.
ARACHIS HYPOGÆA, ground nut, XI. 221.
ARACHNIDA, class of animals, II. 271;
in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 813;
parasitic, XVIII. 259.

ARACHNOID MEMBRANE, in human
brain, 1. 865.

ARACHOSIA, Parthian satrapy, XVIII. 586, 592.

ARACHOTUS, river, Asia, I. 229.
ARACHTHUS (Arta), river, Albania, II.
640.

ARAD, town, Hungary, II. 300.
ARAFAT, mountain, Arabia, 11. 300.
ARAGO, François J. D., French physicist,
II. 300.

ARAGON, kingdom of, Spain, XXII. 312,

315, 317, 322, 326; its connexion with | ARAVIAS, Portuguese tales, XIX. 556.

Naples, XVII. 191.

ARAGON, province, Spain, II. 304; XXII.

298.

ARAGONA, town, Sicily, II. 305.
ARAGONESE DIALECT, XXII. 351.
ARAGONITE, mineral, XVI. 398.
ARAGUAYA, river, Brazil, II. 305; IV.

221.

ARAHAL, town, Spain, II. 305. ARAHATSHIP, Buddhist doctrine, XIV. 226.

ARAKAN, division, British Burmah, 11. 305; IV. 556.

ARAKCHEEFF, Russian minister, XXI.

IOI.

ARAL, Sea or Lake of, Asia, II. 306; v.
177; XVIII. 104; XXII. 818; XXIII.
511, 512, 634.
ARALIA PAPYRIFERA, rice paper, XX.
539.

ARAM, Eugene, murderer, II. 306.
ARAMÆANS, people of Syria, XXII. 822;
XVI. 533; name applied to Nabataans,
XVII. 160.
ARAMAIC LANGUAGES, II. 307; XXI.
645, 647; their influence on Hebrew,
XI. 597; inscriptions, XIII. 116.
ARAM NAHARAYIM (Mesopotamia),

XVI. 47.

ARAMUS, genus of birds, XX. 223.
ARANDA, Count of, Spanish statesman,

II. 308; XXII. 341.

ARANEIDEA, order of Arachnida, II.

290.

ARAN ISLANDS, Ireland, II. 308.
ARANJUEZ, town, Spain, II. 308.
ARANMORE, island, Ireland, II. 30S.
ARANY, John, Hungarian poet, XII. 378.
ARANYAKAS, Sanskrit treatises, XXI.
273.

ARANZI, Julius Cæsar, Italian anato-
mist, I. 809; XXIV. 96.
ARAPA, lake, Peru, XVIII. 673.
ARAPAHOES, American Indian tribe,
XII. 831.

ARAR, timber tree, Morocco, XVI. 833.
ARARAT, mountains, Armenia, II. 309;
XVII. 523; XXIII. 514.

ARARGE (Harar), town, North-East
Africa, XI. 454.

ARAS, river, Turkey in Asia, II. 309.
ARATUS of Sicyon, ruler, II. 309.

of Soli, Greek poet, II. 309. ARAUCAÑA, La, Spanish poem, VIII. 519.

ARAUCANIA, territory, South America,

II. 310.

ARAUCANIAN PINE, in Chili, v. 623.
ARAUCANIANS, South-American race,
I. 701; V. 619; XII. 829.
ARAUCARIA, genus of trees, II. 310.
ARAUCO, province, Chili, v. 617.
ARAUSIO (Orange), ancient town, France,
XVII. 812.

ARAVALLI HILLS, India, II. 310; XX.
260.

ARAWAN, Oasis, Africa, XVII. 695.
ARAXES (Aras), river, Transcaucasia, 11.
309; XXIII. 514.

ARBACES, founder of Median empire, II.
310.

ARBAT (Rabat), town, Morocco, XX. 192.
ARBELA (Arbil), ancient town, Asiatic
Turkey, II. 311; battle of (331 B.C.), I.
482.

ARBIL, town, Asiatic Turkey, II. 311.
ARBITER, Petronius, Latin writer, XVIII.
720.

ARBITRAGE, in stock-broking, II. 311.
ARBITRATION, II. 311.
ARBOGA, town, Sweden, II. 313.
ARBOGAST, Frankish warrior, XX. 779;
XXIV. 37.

L. F. A., his theorem, XIII. 20.
ARBOIS, town, France, II. 313.
ARBOR ACTIONUM, Azo's work, III. 169.
ARBORICULTURE, II. 314.
ARBOR VITÆ, coniferous tree, 11. 313.
ARBROATH, town, Scotland, II. 324.
ARBUTHNOT, Alexander, early Scottish
poet, XXI. 542.

John, English writer, II. 325; as
satirist, XXI. 320.

ARC, Circular, graduation of, XI. 28.
Joan of, XIII. 695; IX. 550.
LIGHTS, electric, XIV. 632.
OF THE MERIDIAN, measurement
of, II. 792; VII. 597, 606; X. 189.
ARCA, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 688.
ARCACHON, Bay of, Gironde, France, X.
624.

ARCADE, in architecture, II. 325.
ARCADIA, country, ancient Greece, II.
326; coins of, XVII. 643.

Sannazaro's poem, XVIII. 345.
Sir Philip Sidney's poem, XVIII.
346; XX. 660; XXII. 35.

-, Academy of, I. 74; XIII. 511.
ARCADIAN DIALECT, of Greek, XI. 133.
ARCADIANS, Academy of, I. 74.
ARCADIUS, emperor of the East, xx.
779, 780; XXIII. 259.

ARCHEOLOGY, Classical, II. 343 (index,
368); Winckelmann's contributions to,
XXIV. 597.

ARCHÆOPTERYX, fossil bird, III. 728;
XVIII. 34; XXI. 323.
ARCHAGATHUS, Roman physician, XV.

802.

ARCHANGEL, government and town,
Russia, II. 368; XXI. 69.
ARCHBISHOP, ecclesiastical dignitary, II.
369; place of, in British peerage, XVIII.
459.
ARCHDEACON, ecclesiastical dignitary,
II. 370; V. 228.

ARCHDUKE, title, II. 370; XIX. 738.
ARCHEGONIA, sexual organs in plants,
IV. 157; IX. 101, 105; XVII. 65.
ARCHEGONIATA, group of plants, XX.
426.

ARCHELAUS, king of Cappadocia, v. 76.
king of Judæa, II. 371; XIII. 426.
king of Macedonia, II. 371; XV.

ARCAGNUOLO, Italian painter and sculp- ARCHIMANDRITE, title in Greek Church,
tor, XVII. 814.

| ARCANITE, mineral, XVI. 400.
ARCESILAUS, Greek philosopher, II. 326;
1. 69; XXI. 379.

Roman sculptor, II. 366.
-I.-IV., kings of Libya, III. 446.
ARCH, in building, II. 327; in ancient
American monuments, II. 450; in
brickwork, IV. 464; in bridges, IV.
305; depressed and discharging, II. 463;
in masonry, IV. 474; pointed, intro-
duced into Europe, II. 422; at Rome,
II. 414; XX. 809, 819, 830.
ARCHEAN ROCKS, X. 327.
ARCHEOCETI, fossil whales, XV. 395.
ARCHEOLOGY, II. 333; academies of, 1.
76; American, 1. 692; prehistoric, II.
115; Raphael's contributions to, XX.
282; archæological societies, XXII. 227.

II. 380; I. 11, 23; XVI. 700. ARCHIMEDES, mathematician and inventor, II. 380; XXII. 21, 817; his knowledge of conic sections, VI. 273; his geometrical discoveries, XIII. 5; on hydrostatics, XII. 435, 441; his planetarium, 11. 749; on squaring the circle, XXII. 434.

Screw of, II. 381. ARCHIPELAGO, Grecian, II. 381. Indian, XII. 815. ARCHIPRESBYTER, ecclesiastical dignitary, VII. 14. ARCHITECTURE, II. 382 (index, 458; glossary of terms, 459); as a fine art, IX. 204; relation of building to, IV. 447; use of the cross in, VI. 612; terracotta in, XXIII. 193; zodiacal symbolism in, XXIV. 796; of Babylonia, III.

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The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and ..., 25. kötet