LIFFEY, river, Ireland, VII. 495. LIFTS, elevating apparatus, XIV. 573; for blast furnaces, XIII. 301; hydraulic, XII. 520. LIFU, island, South Pacific, XV. 30. LIGAN, in English law, IX. 342. LIGURIAN BEES, III. 497. LIGURIAN DIALECT, XIII. 493. of, XVIII. 819; superphosphate as manure, I. 348. See also Limestone. LIGURIANS, ancient Italian people, X. LIME, tree, XIV. 648; in United States, III; XIII. 446; xiv. 639. LILIENTHAL, Germany, Observatory at, XXIII. 808; culture of, II. 318. FURNACE, IX. 844. LIME-JUICE, XIV. 439; an antidote to scurvy, VII. 207. LIME-LIGHT, introduced by T. Drummond, VII. 480. LIME-MICA, mineral, XVI. 413. LIMERICK, county, Ireland, XIV. 648; LILI SCHÖNEMANN, friend of Goethe, LIME SALT, XVIII. 92. LILIUM, genus of plants, XIV. 643. LILLEBONNE, town, France, XIV. 642. LILLJEBORG, Wilhelm, on birds, XVIII. LILLY, or Lyly, John, English writer, 642. William, English astrologer, XIV, LILY, plant, XIV. 643; XII. 257. —, Nile, greenhouse plant, XII. 264. LIMA, town, Peru, XIV. 644; XVIII. 674; -, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XIV. 645. LIGHT OF NATURE, Tucker's work, LIMASOL, town, Cyprus, VI. 748. XXIII. 603. LIMES GERMANIÆ, of Trajan, XXIII. LIMESTONE, mineral, X. 232, 238; XVI. division of worms, XXIV. 677. LIMING, in bleaching, III. 814. LIMITATION, Statutes of, XIV. 650. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES, III. 329; VI. 222. LIMNÆUS, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 660, 662; XXII. 187. LIMNITE, mineral, XVI. 388. LIMNOS, or Lemnos, island, Ægean Sea, LIMOGES, town, France, XIV. 651; LIMONITE, mineral, xvi. 388. LIMOSA, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv. -, genus of birds, X. 720. LI-MA-TEU (Matteo Ricci), Jesuit mis- LIMOUSIN, Léonard, enamel painter, sionary in China, XX. 537. VIII. 184. LIGN ALOES, of Scripture, I. 597. 730. XXII. 187. LIGNIN-DYNAMITE, explosive, XVII. LIMBIRD, John, promoter of cheap litera logian, XIV. 645. LIMPIA, mountains, Texas, U.S.A., XXIII. 204. XXIII. 517. LIGNITE, mineral, VI. 46; X. 238, 365; LIMBORCH, Philip van, Dutch theo- LIMPOPO, river, South Africa, I. 254; LIGNUM VITÆ, tree, XI. 230. LIGNY, Belgium, Battle of (1815), xvII. 224. LIMBOURG, province, Belgium, XIV. 646. LIMULUS, crustacean, VI. 662. town, England, XIV. 656; likeness of cathedral to that of Clugny, I. 15. town, South Australia, XXII. 284. LINGUISTICS, or Science of Language, | LIPNO, town, Russian Poland, XIX. XVIII. 765. LINGULIDÆ, family of Brachiopoda, iv. 194. LINGZI-TANG, plateau region, Tibet, LINK MOTION, for steam valves, XXII. LINKÖPING, town, Sweden, XIV. 668. LINCRUSTA WALTON, material for wall LINK-WORK, in mechanics, XV. 761; decoration, XIV. 676. LINDAKERITE, mineral, XVI. 399. LINDISFARNE, or Holy Island, England, GOSPELS, VIII. 382; XVIII. 159. LINDLEY, John, English botanist, XIV. 663. - Sir N., on legal partnership, LIND'S ANEMOMETER, II. 24. -, Lord, his transit of Venus expedi- kinematics of, XV. 697. LINLEY, Miss, wife of Richard Brinsley or Lippe-Detmold, principality, Germany, XIV. 683. river, Rhenish Prussia, XX. 20, LIPPERSHEY, Hans, probable inventor 433. LIPPI, Filippino, or Lippino Lippi, LOCH, Scotland, observations on its temperature, XIV. 220. LINNEITE, mineral, VI. 81; XVI. 391. LINNAEUS, Carolus, Swedish naturalist, XIV. 671; XXII. 756; on birds, XVIII. 5; on classification and morphology, XVI. 838; on crystals, VI. 672; on ichthyology, XII. 632; his classification of plants, IV. 79; on reptiles, XX. 434; his zoological classification, XXiv. 804. LINNÉ, Carl von (Linnæus, q.v.), Swedish naturalist, XIV. 671. Carl von, the Younger, Swedish LIPSIUS, Justus, or Joest Lips, Dutch naturalist, XIV. 674. humanist, XIV. 685; his Latinity, XIV. LINDSEY, division of Lincolnshire, LINNELL, John, English painter, XIV. 674. - Theophilus, English theologian, LINNET, bird, XIV. 675. England, XIV. 655. 402; IX. 329. Fra Filippo, or Lippo Lippi, Italian CAPILLARY METER, VIII. 109, 122. 342. LIQUEURS, XIV. 686. ELECTRO LIQUIDAMBAR, tree and gum from it, LINDUM COLONIA (Lincoln), mediæval LINOLEUM, floor-cloth, XIV. 676; VI. LIQUIDS, defined, VI. 311; XII. 459; town, England, XIV. 657. LINDUS, town, Rhodes, XX. 526. LINE, Representation of a, in geometrical projection, XIX. 801. ENGRAVING, VIII. 440. GEOMETRY, Plücker's invention of, XIX. 230. LINEN, Bleaching of, III. 820. MANUFACTURES, XIV. 663; in LINEN-PAPER, XVIII. 218. XXIV. 350. LINEUS, genus of worms, XVII. 326. plant, XI. 589. Per Henrik, Swedish poet and writer on gymnastics, XXII. 757. LINGARD, John, English historian, XIV. 668. LINOS, town, Mexico, XXIV. 761. LINTH, river, Switzerland, XXII. 776. of Greek legend, XIV. 678. LIONEL, duke of Clarence, XXIV. 752. LINGAYATS, Hindu sect, Madras, XV. LIP, Cancer in the, XVIII. 382. LINGDAN KHAN, Mongol ruler, XVI. 743. LINGONES, tribe of Gauls, Italy, XIII. 446. diffusion in, VII. 216; elasticity of, VII. 801; expansions of, XI. 584; surfacetension of, V. 59; velocity of sound in, I. 104. LIQUORICE, or Black Sugar, XIV. 687. LIROCONITE, mineral, XVI. 407. LISBURN, town, Ireland, XIV. 693. LISIEUX, town, France, XIV. 693. LISKE, Xavier, Polish historian, XIX. 305. LINGUET, Simon N. H., his Annales LIPETSK, town, Russia, XIV. 683; XXIII. D'ADAM, grand-master of Hospitallers, XXI. 174. LISMORE, town, Ireland, XIV. 694; XXIV. 401. island, Scotland, XIV. 694. Book of the Dean of, MS. poems, XIV. 694. LISNEGARVY (Lisburn), town, Ireland, XIV. 693. LISO, Tibetan tribe, XXIII. 344. LISSA, island, Adriatic Sea, XIV. 695; battle of (1866), XIII. 491. town, Prussia, XIV. 694. LISSAHORN, mountain, Silesia, XXII. 53. LISSOFLAGELLATA, subclass of Protozoa, XIX. 856. LITTLE, Josiah, Library of, Newbury- | LIVERY, in heraldry, XI. 710; livery port, U.S.A., XVII. 376. colours, in mediaval costume, VI. 469. COMPANIES, of London, VI. 223; XIV. 819. LIVESEY, Joseph, English temperance reformer, XXIII. 159. LIVES OF THE CÆSARS, by Suetonius, XXII. 619. LIVES OF THE POETS, by Johnson, XIII. 728. LIVE STOCK, Breeding and rearing of, I. 384; improvement of, by Bakewell, I. 302. LIST, Friedrich, German economist, LITTLETON, Thomas de, English jurist, LIVIA, mother of the emperor Tiberius, XIX. 389. LISTA, Alberto, Spanish critic, XXII. 361. LISTER, Joseph Jackson, anatomist, I. 818; his antiseptic treatment in surgery, II. 136; XXII. 678. LISTON, John, English comedian, XIV. 695. Robert, Scottish surgeon, XIV. 695. LITANG, town, Tibet, XXIII. 342. LITANI, or Litany, river, Syria, XIV. 393; XXII. 821. XIV. 703. LITTORINA, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 651. | LITTRÉ, Paul Maximilien Émile, French lexicographer, XIV. 705. LITUOLIDEA, order of Protozoa, XIX. 847. LITURGY, church service, XIV. 706; English, VIII. 379; Greek, XI. 159; Jewish, XV. 292; attempted introduction of, in Scottish Church, XXI. 511. See also article Missal. LITU-SLAVIC LANGUAGES, XXII. 148. LITUUS, Roman trumpet, XXIII. 593. LITANY, church service, XIV. 695; LITYERSES, of Greek legend, XIV. 678. river, Syria, XIV. 393; XXII. 821. LITCHFIELD OBSERVATORY, Clinton, New York, U.S.A., XVII. 715. LITERATURE, in relation to philology, XVIII. 765; academies of, I. 73; societies connected with, XXII. 227. LITHAMOEBA DISCUS, species of Protozoa, XIX. 843. LITHARGE, Oxide of lead, XIV. 377; XVI. 61. LITHGOW, William, Scottish traveller, XIV. 696. LITHIOPHILITE, mineral, XVI. 404. LITHISTIDA, order of sponges, XXII. 423. XXIII. 335. LIVINGSTON, Edward, American jurist, XIV. 719. Robert R., American statesman, XIV. 720. LIVINGSTONE, Sir Alexander, minister of James II. of Scotland, XXI. 493. David, missionary and explorer in Africa, XIV. 720; I. 247; X. 194. LIVIUS, Titus (Livy, q.v.), Roman historian, XIV. 725. ANDRONICUS, Roman poet and dramatist, XIV. 723; XX. 716. LIVLAND (Livonia), province, Russia, XIV. 723. LIVNY, town, Russia, XIV. 723; XVII. 826. LIU-KIU (or LEW-CHEW) ISLANDS, LIVONIA, province, Russia, XIV. 723; XXI. 69. LIUTPRAND, king of the Lombards, LIVORNO (Leghorn, q.v.), town, Italy, Italian chronicler, XIV. 712. LIVADIA, Russian imperial residence, Crimea, VI. 587. LIVER, in anatomy, VII. 229; XVII. 674; tropical abscess of, XVIII. 395; acute yellow atrophy of, XVIII. 386; in jaundice, XIII. 598; of fishes, XII. 655; of mammals, XV. 363; of reptiles, XX. 457. XIV. 416. LIVRET, system of labour hiring, XIV. 173. LIVY, Roman historian, XIV. 725; XX. 724; his language and style, XIV. 335; representative of the Augustan age, III. 83; Drakenborch's edition of, VII. 390. LIXURI, town, Cephalonia, Greece, v. 344. LITHIUM, chemical element, XIV. 697; LIVER-FLUKE, parasitic worm, XXIII. LIXUS, ancient town, Morocco, Africa, v. 524. MINERAL WATERS, XVI. 436. LITHOFRACTEUR, explosive, XVII. 521; for blasting, III. 809. LITHOGRAPHIC STONE, XVI. 397. LITHOGRAPHY, XIV. 697; XXIII. 708; map printing, XXII. 715; photo-printing, XVIII. 833 LITHOMARGE, mineral, XVI. 424. LITHOTOMY, in surgery, XXIV. 189; as practised by the ancients, XXII. 674. LITHOXYLON, mineral, XVI. 390. LITHUANIA, XIV. 702; its incorporation with Poland, XIX. 288, 291; XXI. 90. LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE, XXII. 148; dictionaries of, VII. 188. LITHUANIANS, European people, XIV. 701; in Russian Poland, XIX. 309. LITIN, town, Russia, XIX. 254. LITMUS, colouring matter, XIV. 703, 559. XV. 637; ruins of, XVI. 834; river, xv. 637. LIZARD, LIZARDS, order of reptiles, XIV. 732; classification of, XX. 439, 445; parasites of, XVIII. 260; Aristotle on, XX. 432. LLAMA, ungulate mammal, XIV. 738; 1. 597: IV. 12; XV. 430; relations of domesticated to wild forms, IV. 251. LLANBERIS, Lakes of, Wales, V. 119. LLANDAFF, town, Wales, XIV. 740. LLANDUDNO, town, Wales, XIV. 740. LLANELLY, town, Wales, XIV. 740. LLANGANATI, mountain, Ecuador, VII. 645. LLANGOLLEN, town, Wales, XIV. 740. LLANIDLOES, town, Wales, XVI. 789. U.S.A., XXIII. 203. LLANRWST, Wales, Shaking bridge at, | LOCK, fastening, XIV. 744. IV. 332, 333. LLANTHONY ABBEY, Monmouthshire, England, XVI. 754. LLONA, Numa Pompilio, Peruvian poet, XVIII. 676. LLORENTE, Juan Antonio, Spanish historian, XIV. 741. LLOYD, Edward, founder of Lloyd's List, XVII. 415. LLOYD'S, marine association, XIV. 741. WEEKLY NEWSPAPER, XVII. 419. XIII. 287; XV. 219, 274. of a canal, IV. 782; of a dock, XI. 466. LOANDA, São Paulo de, town, West LOCKHART, John Gibson, Scottish man of letters, XIV. 762. LOCK OUT, of workmen, XXIII. 500. LOANGO, district, West Coast, Africa, LOCKJAW, disease, XXIII. 200. XIV. 742. LOANS, Foreign, their effect on com- LOBEID, town, Kordofan, Africa, VIII. LOBEIRA, Vasco de, Portuguese novelist, LOBELIA, genus of plants, XIV. 743; XII. 257. LOBLOLLY PINE, tree, XIX. 105. LOEBEN, Countess von, wife of the LOEGAIRE, Irish king, XVIII. 412. LOESS, alluvial deposit, in China, v. LOEWY'S EQUATORIAL TELESCOPE, LOFOTEN, or Lofoden, islands, Norway, among, XXIV. 541. LOFTUS, Adam, Irish archbishop, XIII. 265. LOG, in navigation, XIV. 769; XVII. 264. LOGAN, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvII. 307. town, Utah, U.S.A., XXIV. 20. Mount, Canada, xx. 165. John, Scottish poet, XIV. 771; paraphrases and hymns by, XII. 594 Robert, of Restalrig, his contract with Napier, XVII. 183. XVII. 361. LOCMARIAQUER, France, Menhir at, LOGARITHMIC TABLES, XX!II. 9. LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, XX. 225, 244; LOCOMOTIVE ORGANS, in man, I. 820. XVIII. 392. LOCRI, ancient Greek people, Xxiv. 764. LOB-NOR, desert, Central Asia, X. 713; LoCRIS, Greece, Coins of, XVII. 642. lake, XXIII. 638. LOBO, F. A., Portuguese writer, XIX. 558. F. R., Portuguese romancer, XIX. 557. LOCUS, geometrical term, XIV. 764. Jeronimo, Portuguese Jesuit mis- LODDON, river, England, XXIII. 220. LOGARITHMS, XIV. 772; I. 556; Napier's LOGAU, Friedrich von, German writer LOG-BOOK, Seaman's, XVII. 264. LODORE, Falls of, Cumberland, England, LOGISTIC LOGARITHMS, Tables of, XXIII. LODZ, town, Russian Poland, XIV. 768; LOGISTIC NUMBERS, xiv. 777. XXI. 70. LOE, Thomas, English Quaker, XVIII. 492. LOGOGRAPHERS, writs of speeches, LOGOMETRIA, by Roger Cotes, XVII. 256. LOGON, river, Soudan, Africa, XXII. 277. GROUP, of Negroes, XVII. 319. LOGOS, in philosophy and theology, XIV. 803; XIII. 671; Justin's doctrine of the, X. 823; Origen's, XIII. 671; XVII. 842; Paul of Samosata's, XIII. 671; XVIII. 429; Philo's, X. 823; XVIII. 761; Theodore's, XXIII. 255. LOGOTYPES, in printing, XXIII. 701. LOGROÑO, province and town, Spain, XIV. 805. settlement in Italy, XVI. 292; Paul the Deacon's History of, XVIII. 436. LOMBARDY, province, Italy, XIV. 816; dialect of, XIII. 493; revolt in (1844), III. 137. POPLAR, tree, XIX. 512. LOMBOK, island, Indian Archipelago, XIV. 816. LÔME, Dupuy de, his navigable balloon, I. 202. LOMÉNIE DE BRIENNE, cardinal and French minister, IX. 595. LONDON LACK PENNY, Lydgate's poem, XV. 98. LONDON STONE, The, XIV. 842. LONG, George, English scholar, XIV. 856. Roger, his globe, constructed at Cambridge, x. 683. LONGBERG, Christian (Longomontanus), Henry Wadsworth, LOGROSCINO, Nicolo, Italian musician, LOMNICKY, Simon, Bohemian poet, XXII. LONGFELLOW, river, France, XIV. 806; IX. 506. Haute-, department, France, XIV. 807. LOIRE - INFÉRIEURE, department, France, XIV. 808. LOJA, town, Spain, XIV. 809. LÖKKE, J. O., Norwegian grammarian, LOKMAN, of Arab tradition, xiv. 810; III. 260. LOKOJA, town, Soudan, Africa, XXII. 279. LOLIGO, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 662, 671; embyro of, XVI. 683. LOLLARDS, English religious sect, XIV. 810; VIII. 325; XX. 321; favoured by John of Gaunt, XIV. 256; Oldcastle's connexion with, XVII. 753; persecution of, XI. 660; in Scotland, xxI. 490. LOLO, Tibetan tribe, XXIII. 344. XI. 544. LOMBARD, Peter, mediæval theologian and philosopher, XIV. 813; XXI. 425; XXIII. 834. ALPS, I. 627. LOMBARDIC LAW, XXI. 216. LOMBARDIC WRITING, XVIII. 155. LOMBARD LEACUE, XIII. 473. LOMBARDS, pecle, Italy, XIV. 813; XX. 783; XIII. 467; cause of their invasion of Italy, XVII. 234; their 152. LOMNITZER SPITZE, Tatra mountains, LONGFORD, county, Ireland, XIV. 863; Austria, III. 116. LOMOND, Ben, mountain, Scotland, XXII. 553. Loch, Scotland, VII. 524; XIV. 217; XXII. 553. LOMONOSOFF, Mikhail Vasilievich, Russian scientist and poet, XIV. 817; XXI. 106. LOMZA, government, Russian Poland, XIV. 817; XIX. 309; town, XIV. 817. LONDINENSIUM, Colonia, ancient town, Lincolnshire, England, XIV. 655. LONDINIUM (London), Roman town, England, XIV. 840. LONDON, metropolis of England, XIV. 818; abattoirs, I. 5; modern architecture, II. 452; artesian wells, II. 646; cemeteries, V. 330; Drury Lane theatre, XXIII. 226; Foundling Hospital, IX. 483; Inns of Court, XIII. 87; Jews in, XIII. 684; King's College, XXIII. 854; libraries, XIV. 516, 543; livery companies, VI. 223; National Gallery, XXI. 444; newspapers, XVII. 415; plague in, XIX. 165; police, XIX. 338; railways, XX. 239; Royal Exchange, XI. 187; XXII. 556; St Paul's Cathedral, XXIV. 689; technical schools, XXIII. 107; Thames tunnel, XXIII. 623; trained bands, XXIV. 293; tramways, XXIII. 506; university, XIV. 835; XXIII. 854; founding of university, IV. 377. town, Ontario, Canada, XIV. 851; XVII. 775. 279. population and representation, XXIII. 737; town, XIV. 864. LONGICORNES, group of beetles, VI. 133. LONGIMANUS, Artaxerxes I., king of Jan Dlugosz, Polish historian, XIX. 300. LONG ISLAND, New York, U.S.A., xiv. 865. LONG ISLAND CITY, town, New York, U.S.A., XIV. 866. LONG ISLAND SOUND, New York, Demolition of Flood Rock in, XXIII. 622. LONGITUDE, XXIII. 394; in astronomy, II. 771, 793; geographical, x. 198; early methods of reckoning, X. 187; determination of, X. 171; XXII. 700, 713; determination by lunar distances, xv. 609; methods of finding, at sea, II. 751; XVII. 448; in navigation, XVII. 251, 256, 268, 272; of observatories, XVII. 710; as known to Ptolemy, xx. 88; English Board of, XVII. 258. LONGITUDES, Bureau des, Paris, II. 301; XVIII. 281. LONGJUMEAU, France, Peace of (1568), 551. PLOVER, bird, XXII. LONG MYND, hill, England, XXI. 847. Survey of, Stow's work, XXII. 580. LONGOLLUS, Gybertus, on birds, XVIII. CLAY, in geology, X. 361; XVI. COMPANY, its colonies in America, XXII. 175; XXIII. 729; XXIV. 260. LONDONDERRY, county, Ireland, XIV. 852; population and representation, XXIII. 727. town, Ireland, XIV. 853; granted to the citizens of London, XIII. 266. island, Tierra del Fuego, South America, XXIII. 384. Second Marquis of (Lord Castlereagh), English politician, XIV. 853. LONDON GAZETTE, its establishment, XVII. 415, 418. 3. LONGOMONTANUS, Christian, Danish LONGWOOD, St Helena, place of Napo- |