99; European travellers in, X. 188; trigonometrical survey of, XXII. 696; X. 191; universities, XXIII. 856; weights and measures, XXIV. 490. INDIA, History of, James Mill's, XVI. 307. INDIANA, State, U.S.A., XII. 813; population, XXIII. 802.

novel by George Sand, VII. 509. INDIANAPOLIS, town, Indiana, U.S.A., XII. 814.

INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, XII. 815; dictionaries of languages, VII. 191; rainfall of, XVI. 151.

INDO-ARABIC NUMERALS, XVII. 627. INDO-CHINESE LANGUAGES, Dictionaries of, VII. 191.

INDO-CHINESE RACE, II. 697. INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, XVIII. 778, 784; Semitic character of their alphabets, I. 608. INDO-GERMANIC LANGUAGES, XVIII. 778, 784.

INDO-HOMERIC GROUP, of alphabets, Lenormant's, I. 608.

INDO-IRANIANS, of the Parthian empire, XVIII. 606.

INDIAN BADGER, carnivorous mammal, INDONESIANS, Malay people, XV. 324.
XX. 288.

INDIAN CHRONOLOGY, V. 718.
INDIAN CORN, or Maize, XV. 309..
INDIAN CRESS, plant, XII. 285.
INDIAN EMPIRE, Order of the, XIV. 124.
INDIAN INK, XIII. 80; XIX. 88.
INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS, XIII. 118.
INDIAN MILLET, cereal plant, VII. 564.
INDIAN MUTINY (1857), II.591; XII.809.
INDIAN OCEAN, XII. 820.
INDIAN PINK, plant, XIX. 107.
INDIAN QUEEN, Dryden and Howard's
tragedy, VII. 489.

INDIANS, American, XII. 822, 830; I.
685; displacement of, XXIII. 819;
languages of, XVIII. 780; dictionaries
of languages, VII. 192; mythology,
XVII. 148; religions, XX. 364; totems,
XXIII. 467; Eliot's work among, VIII.
137; Penn's influence over, XVIII. 496;
of Costa Rica, VI. 450; of South
America, I. 89; of Colombia, VI. 155;
of Peru, XVIII. 677.
INDIAN STEEL, XIII. 342.
INDIAN TERRITORY, United States, XII.
833; population, XXIII. 802.
INDIA-RUBBER, XII. 835; elasticity of,
VII. 801,813; trees, IX. 154; XVIII. 673.
INDICATOR, genus of birds, XII. 140.

in steam-engine, XXII. 476, 487, 499, 495.

INDICOLITE, mineral, XVI. 409.
INDICOPLEUSTES (Cosmas),

cosmo

grapher, VI. 445; X. 177. INDICTION, Cycle of, IV. 670; V. 716. INDICTMENT, in law, XII. 842. INDIFFERENCE, Theory of, in scholastic philosophy, XXI. 423.

INDIGES, epithet of Jupiter, XIII. 780. INDIGESTION, VII. 586.

INDIGO, dyeing material, XII. 843; VII. 576; colours from, IV. 689; XIX. 87; cultivation of, in India, III. 508, 568; XII. 749.

INDIGO-BIRD, XVII. 534.
INDIGOTIN, pure indigo blue, XII. 843,
844.

INDIUM, chemical element, XII. 844; V.
533.
INDIVIDUALITY, in living organisms,
III. 688.

INDIVIDUATION, Principle of, in scholasticism, XXI. 428.

INDORE, state, India, XII. 845.
INDO-SCYTHIA, XVIII. 599.

INDRA, ancient Hindu divinity, IV. 202;
XV. 90; XуII. 153.

INDRAGIRI, kingdom, Sumatra, XXII. 639.

INDRAMAYU, town, Java, XIII. 606. INDRAPURA, mountain, Sumatra, XXII. 638.

INDRE, department, France, XII. 846.

river, France, XIV. 806. INDRE-ET-LOIRE, department, France, XII. 846.

INDRIS, genus of lemurs, XIV. 441.
INDUCTION, in algebra, 1. 523.

in philosophy, I. 797; XIV. 785, 789; Aristotle on, II. 516; Baconian method of, III. 215; Socratic use of, XXII. 236.

Magnetic, XV. 224, 243, 250. INDULGENCE, INDULGENCES, of Roman Catholic Church, XII. 846; XVIII. 487; decree respecting, in council of Trent, XXIII. 550; Luther's opposition to, XV. 72; sale of, xx. 326; Nicholas V.'s, early printed books, XXIII. 684. INDULPH, or Indulf, king of Picts and Scots, XVII. 570; XXI. 479. INDUS, river, India, XII. 847, 732; IV. 21; XX. 107; XXII. 90; Alexander's voyage down, 1. 484. INDUSTRIAL REFORMATORY SCHOOLS, XX. 338.

INEDIA, or Starvation, VII. 208. INERMIA, suborder of sponges, XXII. 423.

INERTIA, of matter, XV. 676; moment of, IV. 288; XV. 732; in steam-engine, XXII. 510; Clerk Maxwell on, XV. 748. INFALLIBILITY, Papal, Dogma of (1870), XXIV. 110; XIX. 158; XVII. 754; Leo II. on, XIV. 449.

also article Army throughout); tactical management of, XXIV. 353. INFECTION, in diseases, XV. 796; XVIII. 401; organisms causing, XXI. 407; XXII. 680; in the plague, XIX. 162. INFERNO, Dante's, VI. 815. INFINITE, INFINITESIMAL, in mathematics, XIII. 13, 14.

The, as an implicit condition of thought, XXIII. 246; as an object of religious thought, XXIII. 246; idea of, in Cousin's philosophy, VI. 526; in Descartes's, V. 144; in Hamilton's, XI. 418; in Locke's, XIV. 759; in Malebranche's, V. 150; in Spinoza's, V. 155. INFINITESIMAL CALCULUS, XIII. 5; XV. 630; XVI. 19; Kepler on, XIV. 47. INFINITY, in Zeno's paradoxes, XXIV. 778.

INFIRMARY, hospital, XII. 301. INFLAMMATION, diseases, XVIII. 398; bronchitis, IV. 362; cystitis, XXIV. 188; erysipelas, VIII. 531; XVIII. 398; meningitis, XVI. II; ostitis, XXII. 685; otitis, VII. 594; peritonitis, XVIII. 547; phlebitis, XXII. 684; pneumonia, XIX. 249. See also XI. 554, and articles Ophthalmology and Throat Diseases. INFLEXIBLE, British warship, XVII. 286. INFLEXION, of Aryan words, XVIII. 789. INFLORESCENCE, in plants, IV. 121. INFLUENZA, disease, XIII. 73; in Polynesia, XIX. 422; of the horse, XXIV. 203.

INFORMATION, in law, XIII. 73. INFUSORIA, or Protozoa, XIX. 830; skeletal structures of, XXII. 106. INGEVONES, ancient Germanic tribe, x. 473.

INGAUNI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, XIII. 446; XIV. 640.

INGE, Swedish king, XXII. 745. INGEBORG, wife of Philip II. of France, IX. 541.

INGELHEIM, Ober- and Nieder-, towns, Germany, XIII. 73.

INGEMANN, Bernhard Severin, Danish poet and novelist, XIII. 73; VII. 92. INGENA (Avranches), ancient town, France, III. 157.

INGFANGTHEOF, Cinque Port privilege, v. 787.

INGLEBOROUGH, mountain, England, XXIV. 746.

INGLEFIELD, Sir Edward A., Arctic explorer, XIX. 322.

XV. 778.

INFANT, in law, XIII. I; I. 279; guardianship of, by the mother, XXIV. 641.

Condition of, in limbo, XIV. 646. of Spain, title, XIX. 738. INFANTICIDE, XIII. 3; IX. 481; XV. 780; in China, v. 670; in India, IV. 211; XII. 745; XV. 303; in Madagascar, XV. 173.

374.

INGOLSTADT, town, Bavaria, XIII. 74;

university of, XxIII. 842.

INGRASSIAS, John Philip, Sicilian

anatomist, I. 809.

relation to intestacy, XIII. 197; to primogeniture, XIX. 733; Indian caste law of, v. 191; in Roman law, xx. 674, 692, 706, 713; rules of, among aboriginal tribes, XXIII. 473.

, in animal-breeding, IV. 245. See also Heredity.

novel by Miss Ferrier, IX. III. INIA, genus of cetacean mammals, XV. 398.

INISHMURRAY, islet, Sligo, Ireland, XXII. 159.

INISHTURK, island, Ireland, xv. 650. INISPATRICK, island, Ireland, VII. 495.

INITIALS, Book, xx111. 686, 696. INJECTIO, Manus, in Roman law, xx. 684.

INJECTOR, for steam boilers, XXII. 500.

INJUNCTION, in law, XIII. 78; in Roman law, XX. 709.

INJURIES, Bodily, XXII. 680; physio-
logical repair of, XVIII. 363.
INK, XIII. 79; lithographic, XIV. 698;
printing, XXIII. 708.
INKPEN BEACON, XXIV. 593.
INK-SAC, of cuttlefish, VI. 736.
INLAYING, method of ornamentation,
XIII. 81.

INN, river, tributary of Danube, VIII. 213; XXII. 776.

INNERLEITHEN, town, Scotland, XVIII. 452.

INNER TEMPLE, legal society, London, XIII. 87, 89.

INNISFALLEN, island and monastery, Ireland, XIV. 52, 76.

INNKEEPERS, Law relating to, XIII. 81. INNKEEPERS' LIEN, in law, XIV. 570. INNOCENT I., pope, XIII. 82; XIX. 491.

II., pope, XIII. 82; XIX. 500; Xx. 792.

III., pope, XIII. 82, 474; XIX. 500;
XX. 795.

IV., pope, XIII. 84, 475; XX. 796.
V., pope, XIII. 84.

VI., pope, XIII. 84; xx. 801.
VII., pope, XIII. 84; xx. 804.
VIII., pope, XIII. 85; XX. 806.
IX., pope, XIII. 85.

X., pope, XIII. 85; XIX. 506.
XI., pope, XIII. 85; XIX. 506.

XII., pope, XIII. 85; XIX. 506.
XIII., pope, XIII. 86.

INNOCENTS, Massacre of the, by Herod,
XIII. 661.

INNS, Law relating to, XIII. 81.

90.

King's, legal school, Dublin, XIII.

INNSBRUCK, or Innspruck, town, Tyrol,
Austria, XIII. 86; its sculptures, XXI.
566; university of, XXIII. 846.
INNS OF COURT, English legal societies,
XIII. 87; III. 394.

smallpox, XXII. 164. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, V. 467. INOWRAZLAW, town, Prussia, XIII. 91. INQUEST, by recognition, in AngloNorman law, XIII. 784; coroner's, VI.

431. INQUIRY, judicial writ, XXIV. 696. INQUISITION, of Roman Catholic Church, XIII. 91; XI. 736; XX. 629; establishment of, XVIII. 430; establishment in France, I. 487; relation of the Jesuits to, XIII. 650; application of torture by, XXIII. 463; in time of Philip II., XVIII. 744; under Pope Pius V., XIX. 154; in Italy, XIII. 482; in Portugal, XIX. 546; in Spain, IX. 82; XXII. 326, 329.

INSANE, Conolly's treatment of the, VI. 289; treatment of, at Gheel, Belgium, X. 562; Tuke's treatment of, XXIII. 604; weight of brain in the, 1. 879. INSANITY, XIII. 95; Warren's definition of, XXIV. 373; law relating to, XIII. III; in medical jurisprudence, xv. 780; in relation to crime, VI. 584. INSAR, town, Russia, XVIII. 515. INSCRIPTIONS, Ancient, XIII. 114; on coins, XVII. 633; Indian (numerals), XVII. 626; Javanese, XIII. 609; Latin, XIV. 328; Ogam, v. 306; at Behistun, Persia, III. 509; XVIII. 567; at Pompeii, XIX. 450; on pottery, XIX. 610, 616, 619; Roman, abbreviations in, I. 26; Runic, XXI. 366, 370; Sabæan, XXIV. 739; in Yucatan, Central America, XXIV. 759.

Academy of, France, I. 76. INSECTA, or Insects (q.v.), XIII. 141. INSECTIVORA, order of Mammalia, XV. 400.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS, XIII. 134. INSECTS, XIII. 141; effect of climate on, 1. 86; hibernation of, XI. 789; mimicry in, XVI. 342; olfactory organs of, XXII. 165; parasitic, XVIII. 257, 259; wings of, IX. 314; of Himalayas, XI. 834; in India, XII. 743; Bonnet's observations on, IV. 35; Swammerdam's collection | of, XXII. 730.

INSILAH, town, Tuat oasis, Africa, XVII. 695.

INSOLATION, or Sunstroke, XXII. 666. INSOMNIA, disease, XXII. 157. INSPIRATION, Theological doctrine of, XIII. 154; II. 191; as held by Philo, V. 4; XVIII. 760; Plato's doctrine of, XIX. 197.

of the breath, XX. 477.

OF THE LAW OF SCOTLAND,
Stair's, XXII. 446.

INSTITUTIO ORATORIA, of Quintilian,
XX. 187.

INSTITUZIONI ANALITICHE, by Madame
Agnesi, I. 284.

INSTRUMENTATION, in music, XVII. 98.
INSTRUMENTS, Musical, their origin,
XVII. 77.

INSUBRES, Gallic tribe, Italy, XIII.
446.

INSULA BATAVORUM, ancient Holland,
XII. 69.

INSULATOR, Telegraphic, XXIII. 113.
INSURANCE, XIII. 161; implied warranty
in contract of, XXIV. 373; life, post-
office, XIX. 574; life, in annuities, II.
72; marine, average, III. 145; marine,
first use of, III. 367; marine, Lloyd's,
XIV. 741.

INTAGLIO, incised engraving, IV. 738;
X. 136; the grandest Roman extant,
III. 614.

INTEGRAL CALCULUS, XIII. II, 33.
INTEGRIPALLIA, suborder of Mollusca,
XVI. 685.

INTELLECTION, in psychology, XX. 75.
INTELLECTUAL Feelings, xx. 69.
INTELLIGENCE, in military tactics,
XXIV. 363.

INTELLIGENCER, newspaper, XVII. 414.
INTEMELII, Ligurian tribe, Italy, XIII.
446; XIV. 640.

INTEMPERANCE, VII. 481; laws relating to, XIV. 688.

INSTADT, suburb of Passau, Bavaria, INTENSITY, in music, XVII. 106.

XVIII. 344.

INSTANTIUS, Spanish theologian, XIX. 746.

INSTAURATIO MAGNA, Bacon's work,

III. 210.

INSTERBURG, town, Prussia, XIII. 157. INSTINCT, XIII. 157; transmission of,

INTERAMNA (Terni), ancient town, Italy, XXIII. 190.

INTERCESSIONS, in the litany, XIV. 696.

INTERDICT, Papal, XIII. 188.

in Roman law, XX. 709; in Scots law, XIII. 188.

INTERDICTION, in Scots law, XIII. 188.

INTEREST, in law, XIII. 188; calculation

of, II. 536; in economics, XXIV. 49; in relation to usury, XXIV. 18; rate of, charged by Bank of England, III. 330; on bills of exchange, VIII. 791. INTERIMISTIC CONTROVERSY, of council of Trent, XXIII. 546. INTERLAKEN, or Interlachen, town, Switzerland, XIII. 188.

INTERLUDES, Dramatic, VII. 415; in time of Shakespeare, XXI. 750. INTERMENT, Rites of, IX. 824. INTERMEZZO, in music, XVII. 94. INTERMITTENT FEVER, IX. 126. INTERNATIONAL, working men's association, XIII. 189; XXII. 214.

530.

CONTRACTS, or Treaties, XXIII.

COPYRIGHT, VI. 363. EXHIBITIONS, VIII. 803; London (1851), origination of, I. 452. INTERNATIONALISM, European, VIII.

719.

INTERNATIONAL LAW, XIII. 190; XXII. 471; under the church, v. 20; in relation to marriage, xv. 568; Gentili's contributions to, X. 161. See also article Treaties.

677.

200.

INVERTEBRATA, their nervous system, XIX. 30; skeleton of, XXII. 106. INVESTITURE, in feudal law, XIII. 201; question of, between emperors and popes, XVIII. 339; XIX. 499; XX. 791; war of investitures, X. 488; XIII. 47I.

INVESTMENTS, under trust, XXIII. 598. INVOCATION, of saints, XXI. 155. INVOCATIONS, in the litany, xiv. 696. INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES, 1. 856. INVOLUTION, in algebra, 1. 526; in projective geometry, X. 401; XIX. 795. Io, in Greek mythology, XIII. 202.

dialogue of Plato, XIX. 197. IODIDES, V. 496; of mercury, XVI. 34; of methyl, XVI. 196; of potassium, XIX. 592; of silver, XXII. 72. IODINE, chemical element, XIII. 202; V. 490, 496; made from kelp, XIV. 30; temperature of vapour, XX. 131; GayLussac's observations on, X. 123. IODITE, mineral, XVI. 384.

IOLITE, mineral, XVI. 418.

XXIII. 442.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE,

theory of, XIX. 382.

Welsh writer, V. 314.

INTEROCREA (Antrodoco), Sabine town, Italy, XXI. 129.

INTERPLEADER, in English law, XIII.

197.

INTERPRETATION, Biblical, XI. 741.
INTERVALS, Musical, XVII. 78, 103.
INTERVENTION, Political, XIII. 192.
INTESTACY, in law, XIII. 197; in Roman
law, xx. 691, 702, 714.
INTESTINES, Anatomy of the, VII. 225;
XVII. 668; of birds, III. 726; of fishes,
XII. 655; of mammals, XV. 362; of
reptiles, XX. 457.

INTILENE, ancient district, Asia, XIV.

159.

INTIMIDATION, in law, XXIII. 500.
INTOXICANTS, VII. 482.
INTOXICATION, or Drunkenness (q.v.),
VII. 481.

INTRA, town, Italy, XV. 198.
INTUITION, in psychology, XX. 55.
INTUITIONAL ETHICS, VIII. 603.
INUUS LUPERCUS, Roman god, xv.
66, 570.

INVALIDE RUSSE, St Petersburg news-
paper, XVII. 430.
INVENTIONS, Remarkable, in chrono-
logical table, V. 720; patents for,
XVIII. 354.
INVERARAY, town, Scotland, XIII. 198.
INVERGORDON, town, Scotland, xx. 854.

Euripides's play, VIII. 676.

IONA, island, Scotland, XIII. 203; monastery of, VI. 167; XVI. 706; XXI. 474.

IONIA, district, Asia Minor, XIII. 204; XI. 98; cities of, XIII. 204; revolts against Persia, XVIII. 570, 573, 579; coins of, XVII. 634, 646. IONIAN ISLANDS, Greece, XIII. 205. IONIANS, Greek people, XI. 90. IONIC ARCHITECTURE, II. 405; Roman,

IPHIGÉNIE, Gluck's opera, X. 694.
Racine's drama, XX. 207.

IPOMOEA BATATAS, vegetable, XIX. 596.
IPSAMBUL (Abu-Simbel), town, Nubia,
II. 388; I. 61.

IPSARIO, mountain, Thasos, Greece,

XXIII. 222.

IPSWICH, town, England, XIII.212; XXII. 622.

-, town, Queensland, Australia, XIII.

212.

IQUIQUE, town, South America, XIII. 213; XVIII. 674.

IRAK ADJEMI, province, Persia, XIII. 213.

IRAK ARABI, district, Syria, XIII. 213; XVI. 50.

IRAN, or Persia (q.v.), XVIII. 561. IRANIAN LANGUAGES, XVIII. 134, 653, 784.

IRANIAN LITERATURE, XVIII. 653. IRAWADI, river, Burmah, XIII. 213. IRBIT, town, Russia, XIII. 214; XVIII. 550.

IRCHESTER, Roman station, England, XVII. 557.

IREC ET ÉNIDE, by Chrestien de Troyes, v. 687. IRELAND, XIII. 214 (index, 272); history of, XIII. 243; invasion of, by Edward Bruce, XX. 594; Cromwell's settlement of, VI. 600; Fenians in, IX. 74; in time of Grattan, XI. 61; Norman settlement in, XVII. 551; in time of O'Connell, XVII. 720; under Peel's administration, XVIII. 453; Petty's survey of, XVIII. 724; Pitt's policy towards, XIX. 145; Raleigh's policy, XX. 262; Reformation in, XX. 337; Spenser's view of the state of, XXII. 393; under Lord Strafford, XXII. 585; union with England (1801), VIII. 362; XIV. 854; XVIII. 308; Gothic architecture in, II. 429; banking, III. 336; Brehon law, IV. 252; ancient church, V. 303; Episcopal Church, VIII. 490; Presbyterian Church, XIX. 691; coal measures, VI. 54; coins, XVII. 656; fisheries, IX. 262; forests, IX. 399; land laws in, XIV. 269; law of landlord and tenant (1881), XIV. 276; statute law, XXII. 470; libraries, XIV. 513, 523, 542; mines, XVI. 467; ancient mythology, V. 300; newspapers, XVII. 423; observatories, XVII. 710; peerage, XVIII. 466; police system, XIX. 341; population and representation, XXIII. 727; early schools, v. 304; school system, VII. 681; universities and colleges, XXIII. 855.

Samuel, English writer, XIII. 272. Samuel William Henry, Shakespearean forger, XIII. 272. IRELAND'S EYE, islet, Ireland, VII. 494; XIII. 216.

IREMEL, mountain, Russia, XXIII. 717;

XXIV. 4.

IRENEUS, bishop of Lyons, XIII. 273; on the canon of Scripture, v. 8; creed of, VI. 559; letters of, XIX. 489; on the heresies of Cerinthus, V. 346; his connexion with Polycarp, XIX. 414. IRENE, empress of the East, XIII. 274. IRENICUM, Stillingfleet's work, XXII. 55I.

IRISH CHURCH, Early, v. 303; XIII. 248; in time of Henry VIII. of England, XIII. 262.

IRISH HISTORY, XIII. 243.

IRISH LANGUAGE, V. 298; dictionaries of, VII. 188.

IRISH MANUSCRIPTS, V. 305; XVIII. 157.

IRISH MELODIES, Moore's, XVI. 806. IRISH MOSS, sea-weed, XIII. 276; I. 508.

IRISH SOCIETY, of Londonderry, XIV. 852.

IRITIS, eye disease, XVII. 781.
IRKUTSK, government, Asiatic Russia,
XIII. 276; XXI. 69; town, XIII. 277;

XXII. II.

IRMINSUL, Saxon idol, V. 402; X. 478. IRNERIUS, Italian jurist, XIII. 277. IRON, metal, XIII. 278; XVI. 381; as chemical element, v. 534; as building material, IV. 447; electro-deposited, VIII. 117; enamelling of, VIII. 185; used in filtration, IX. 169; fracture of, XXII. 600; industry, in United States, XXIII. 813; magnetization of, VIII. 75; XV. 223, 256, 260; statistics of manufacture, XIII. 358; meteoric, XVI. 113; mines in Australia, III. 109; in Brazil, IV. 225; in France, IX. 522; in Germany, X. 453; in India, XII. 764; in Ireland, XIII. 217; in Prussia, XX. 15; in Russia, XXI. 85; in Silesia, XXII. 53; in Missouri, U.S.A., XVI. 525; in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., XVIII. 502; mining in United States, XXIII. 811; ores of, XVI. 58; as plant food, XIX. 49; production of, XVI. 467; production in China, v. 634; production in England and Wales, VIII. 227; velocity of sound in, I. 104; spectrum of, XXII.

IRON PERIOD, Remains of, II. 340.
IRON PYRITES, XX. 128.
IRONSANDS, iron ore, XIII. 285, 287.
IRON SHIPS, XXI. 817.
IRONSIDES, Cromwell's soldiers, VI. 599.
IRONSTONE, mineral, X. 232.

IRONTON, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XIII. 361.
IRON VIRGIN, of Nuremberg, XVII. 662.
IRON WATERS, XVI. 434.
IRON-WOOD, timber, XIII. 361.

ISABELLA, the Catholic, queen of Castile, XIII. 375; IX. 81; XXII. 325.

II., of Spain, XXII. 345. ISABEY, Jean Baptiste, French painter, XIII. 375.

ISACIDES (Rashi), Jewish rabbi, XX. 284.

ISEUS, Attic orator, XIII. 375.
ISAIAH, Old Testament prophet, XIII.
377, 413; XIX. 818; contrasted with
Zephaniah, XXIV. 780.

Ascension and Visions of, apocalyptic book, II. 180.

ISAK, Somali tribes, Central Africa, XXII. 256.

ISATIN, chemical derivative of indigo, XII. 844.

ISATIS, genus of plants, VII. 576. ISAURIA, district, Asia Minor, XIII. 384. ISBARTA, town, Turkey in Asia, XIX. 130.

XVI. 71.

IRON-WORKS, at Barrow-in-Furness,
England, III. 395; at Stafford,
England, XXII. 442; at Neviansk,
Russia, XVII. 369.
IROQUOIS, American Indians, 1. 690;
XII. 827, 831; XVII. 454.

Minor, XXI. 366.

ISCARIOT, Judas, apostle, XIII. 760. ISCA SILURUM (Caerleon), Roman station, Monmouth, England, XVI. 754. ISCHIA, island, Italy, XIII. 385, 440; XVII. 187, 188; mineral water of, XVI. 435.

434.

392.

IRRIGATION, XIII. 362; by sewage, XXI. 712; in Ceylon, v. 368; in Egypt, VII. 707; on the Euphrates, VIII. 669; in India, XII. 754; in Madeira, XV. 178; of meadow land, in Scotland, 1. 345, 349; in Spain, XXII. 299; works, on the Cauvery, India, XIV. 19. IRRITATION, Broussais's medical theory of, IV. 383; XV. 814.

IRTHING, river, England, XVII. 565. IRTISH, river, Siberia, XXII. 5; XXI. 639; XXIII. 429.

IRULAS, hill tribe, India, XVII. 509;
XXIII. 42.

IRUN, town, Spain, XIII. 370.
IRVINE, town, Scotland, XIII. 370.
IRVING, Edward, Scottish theologian
and preacher, XIII. 370; V. 237.

Washington, American writer,
XIII. 372; I. 723, 724.
IRVINGITES, religious sect, V. 237.
IRWAN (Erivan), town, Armenia, VIII.
524.

IRWELL, river, England, xv. 459.
Is (Hit), ancient town, Syria, vIII. 670;
XII. 24; XVI. 48.

ISAAC, of Scripture, XIII. 374.

I., Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, XIII. 374.

II., Angelus, Byzantine emperor, XIII. 374.

836.

of Antioch, Syriac writer, XXII. 829. of Nineveh, Syriac writer, XXII.

ISÉ, Japan, place of pilgrimage, XIII. 581; XIX. 92.

ISEGHEM, town, Belgium, XIII. 385. ISELIN, Jakob C., Swiss historical writer, XXII. 798.

ISENBURG, Counts of, German family, XVII. 732.

| ISER, river, Germany, VII. 825.
ISÈRE, department, France, XIII. 385;
river, XX. 528.

ISERINE, mineral, XVI. 386.
ISERLOHN, town, Prussia, XIII. 385;
XXIV. 517.

ISERNIA, town, Italy, XIII. 386.
ISEUM, Egypt, Temple of, VII. 768.
ISFAHAN (Ispahan, q.v.), town, Persia,
XIII. 393.

ISHAK, Mohammed b., Arab historian,
XVI. 596; XXIII. 2.

ISHIM, town, Siberia, XXIII. 430; river, XXIII. 429.

ISHMAEL, of Scripture, XIII. 386. ISHO BAR NON, Syriac writer, XXII 847.

ISHO-DADH, Syriac writer, XXII. 848. ISHO-DENAH, Syriac writer, xxii. 845. ISHO-YABH of Arzon, Syriac writer, XXII. 838.

842.

of Gedhala, Syriac writer, XXII.

of Hedhaiyabh, Syriac writer, XXII. 842.

BAR MALKON, Syriac writer, XXII.

852.

ISHO-ZEKHA, Syriac writer, XXII. 838. ISHPEMING, town, Michigan, U.S.A., XIII. 386.

ISHTIB, or Istib, town, European Turkey, XIII. 433.

191.

ISMAELITES, or Assassins, Mohammedan sect, II. 722; XVI. 593; XVII. 771. ISMAIL, town, Roumania, XIII. 387. khedive of Egypt, VII. 766.

I., shah of Persia, XVIII. 634.

II., of Persia, XVIII. 637.

IN EGYPT, Handel's oratorio, XI. 435.

BEY (Scanderbeg), Albanian prince, XXI. 365; 1. 225, 447; XXIII. 642.

ISKELIB, town, Asiatic Turkey, XIII. 387.

ISKENDER BEG (Scanderbeg), Albanian chief, XXI. 365; XXIII. 642.

ISKIMID (Ismid), town, Asiatic Turkey, XIII. 388.

ISKURIAH, town, Mingrelia, Russia, XVI. 437.

ISLA, José Francisco de, Spanish satirist, XIII. 387; XXII. 360.

DE LEON (San Fernando), town, Spain, XXI. 262; longitude reckoned from observatory at, XVII. 262. ISLAM, or Mohammedanism (q.v.), XVI. 553; XXII. 659; sacred banner of, XXIII. 643. ISLAMABAD, town, Punjab, India, XIII. 387.

PORT, or Chittagong, town, Bengal, India, v. 675.

ISLAY, island, Scotland, XIII. 387.

-, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.

ISLEBIA (Eisleben), ancient town, Germany, VII. 791.

ISLE-DE-FRANCE, old district of France,

XIII. 388.

town, Upper Egypt, XIII. 388. ISMAILIANS, Ismailis, or Assassins, Mohammedan sect, II. 722; XVI. 587, 593; XVII. 771.

ISMID, town, Asiatic Turkey, XIII. 388;
XVII. 490; province, XXIII. 653.
ISNE (Esneh), town, Egypt, VII. 782;
VIII. 547.

695.

ISSACHAR, of Scripture, XIII. 432.

ISSIK-KUL, lake, Central Asia, XIII. 432; XXI. 640; XXIII. 633. ISSIODURUM (Issoire), ancient town, France, XIII. 432.

ISSOIRE, town, France, XIII. 432; XX.

120.

ISSOUDUN, town, France, XIII. 433.

XIII. 388.

ISOBARIC MAPS, showing atmospheric
pressures, XVI. 139.
ISOCRATES, Attic orator, XIII. 388;
XX. 509; XXII. 265.
ISOCYANIDES, in chemistry, V. 575.
ISODULCITE, variety of sugar, XX. 175.
ISOETEE, group of plants, IX. 107.
ISOLA, Emma, friend of Charles Lamb,
XIV. 235.

FARNESE, town, Italy, VIII. 634. ISOMASTIGODA, order of Protozoa, XIX. 857.

ISOMERISM, in chemistry, V. 550; XXIV. 626.

ISOMORPHISM, in minerals, VI. 675; XVI. 379; Mitscherlich's discovery of, XVI. 531.

ISOMYA, order of Mollusca, XVI. 685. ISONZO, river, Austria and Italy, III. 117; XIII. 436. ISOPERIMETRICAL FIGURES, of the Bernoulli controversy, III. 605. ISOPERIMETRY, Theorems on, XV. 643.

ISOPHTHALIC ACID, XVIII. 855. ISOPLEURA, subclass of Mollusca, XVI. 641.

ISOPODA, group of crustaceans, vi. 658. ISOPRENE, hydrocarbon oil, XII. 840. ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION, of gases, XXII. 481, 485.

ISOTHERMAL LINES, in meteorology, XVI. 133, 135; XIX. 244; Humboldt's delineation of, XII. 344.

ISOTROPY, VII. 804; magnetic, XV. 243.

ISOTTA DEGLIA ATTI, mistress of

Sigismondo of Rimini, XX. 557. ISPAHAN, town, Persia, XIII. 393; XVIII. 627, 628; bridge at, IV. 332; mosques, XVI. 866.

ISTÆVONES, ancient Germanic race, X. 473.

ISTAKHR, ancient town, Persia, XVIII. 560, 607.

ISTALIF, town, Afghanistan, I. 230. ISTANCHIO, or Stanchio, island, Asia Minor, VI. 444.

ISTHMIAN GAMES, XIII. 433; X. 65. ISTIB, town, European Turkey, XIII.

433.

ISTRIA, district, Austria, XIII. 433. ISTRIANORUM PORTUS (Odessa), ancient town, Russia, XVII. 726. ISTRIONES, in Roman drama, VII. 409.

ISTULA (Vistula), river, Russian Poland, XIX. 307.

ITA, town, Paraguay, XVIII. 244. ITALIA, ancient Italy, XIII. 434, 443. ITALIAN DRAMA, VII. 416. ITALIAN LANGUAGE, XIII. 491; XIV. 340; XVIII. 784; XX. 668; dictionaries of, VII. 186.

ITALIAN LITERATURE, XIII. 498. ITALIAN MOUNTAIN, Colorado, U.S.A., VI. 161.

ITALIOTES, Greek settlers in ancient Italy, XI. 30.

ITALY, XIII. 434 (including topography, 434; statistics, 448; history, 467; language, 491; literature, 498; with index, 516); the Carbonari in, v. 88; French expedition to, under Charles VIII, IX. 554; Guelfs and Ghibellines in, XI. 244; Metternich's policy towards, XVI. 200; Napoleon's campaigns in (1795-7), IX. 609; XVII. 196; invaded by Napoleon III., IX. 624; revival of learning in, XX. 384; conquest of, by Rome, XX. 739; connexion of Spain with, XXII. 322, 327; struggles for unity, v. 276; academies in, I. 70;