FUSING-POINTS, of alloys, XX. 132. FUSIYAMA, Fuji, or Fujisan, volcano, Japan, XIII. 571; XIX. 92. FUSLEE ERA, Mohammedan, in India, V. 719. FUST, Sir H. Jenner, his decision on church altars, 1. 641. , Johann, early German printer, IX. 853; XXIII. 684, 687; his Psalter, III. 653. FUSTIAN, cloth, IX. 855; XXIII. 210. West Africa, XXI. 661. GABRIELLI, Pirro Maria, Italian man of GAION, or Gaia, village, Paxo, Greece, FUSTIC, dyestuff, IX. 855. 843. FUTA - JALLON, district, Senegambia, FUTAK, father of Mani, xv. 482. town, India, IX. 50. science, XXII. 43. GABRIG, river, Persia, XVIII. 620. Tribe of, X. 4. FUTTEHPOOR (Fathipur), district and GAD, prophet, in Scripture, X. 4. SIKRI, town, India, IX. 51. FUTURE, Psychological presentation of the, xx. 64. GADAMES, or Ghadames (q.v.), town, Sahara, Africa, X. 4. GADARA, ancient town, Syria, X. 4. EVENTS, Mathematical probability GADDESDEN, John, English writer on of, XIX. 773. STATE, in eschatology, VIII. 537. Fux, Johann Joseph, Austrian musical composer, IX. 855; XVII. 90. FUXUM (Foix), ancient town, France, IX. 353. FUZE, or Fuse (q.v.), Percussion, XI. 305. FÜZES-GYARMAT, town, Hungary, XI. 346. FUZULI, Ottoman poet, XXIII. 656. FYLKI, Norwegian division of land, XVII. 584. FYNE, Loch, Scotland, its herring fishery, IX. 260. FYRD, early English militia, II. 568. FYT, Johannes, Flemish painter, IX. 856. FYZABAD (Faizabad), division and district, India, VIII. 855; town, VIII. 855; XVIII. 72. GA, language and tribe, Gold Coast, Africa, X. 756. GABE (Ispahan), ancient town, Persia, XIII. 395. GABAO, river, West Coast, Africa, X. 3. GABELENTZ, Hans Conon von der, German philologist, X. I. XVIII. 439. GAIR-FOWL, or Gare-Fowl, X. 78; III. 85, 734. GAISERIC, or Genseric (q.v.), king of the Vandals, X. 159; XX. 781; XXIV. 58. GAISSIN, town, Russia, X. 16. GAIUS, Roman jurist, X. 16; XIII. 794; his diction and style, XIV. 338; Institutes of, discovered by Niebuhr, XVII. 492. GAJ, Ljudevit, Croatian writer, XXI. 691. GALA, river, Scotland, XXIII. 673. GADES (Cadiz), ancient town, Spain, IV. GALAAD, or Galahad, hero of Arthurian 626; XVIII. 806; XXII. 305. GAD-FLY, VII. 256. GADIATCH, town, Russia, x. 6. GADOLINITE, mineral, XIV. 292; XVI. 409. GADSHILL PLACE, Kent, Dickens's residence, VII. 178. GADUS, genus of fishes, XI. 363; XII. 691; XIX. 402, 650; XXIV. 554. GADWALL, bird, x. 6. GÆA, Oracle of, at Olympia, XVII. 808. GAEKWAR, or Gaikwar, Mahratta ruler, III. 381; XV. 290. romance, xx. 646, 647. GALABAT, town, Upper Egypt, X. 17. GALACTIN, constituent of milk, XVI. 303. GALACTITE, mineral, XVI. 423. GALACTOMETER, for indicating specific gravity of milk, 1. 168. GALACZ (Galatz), town, Roumania, X. 21. GALAGINE, subfamily of lemurs, XIV. GALAHAD, or Galaad, hero of Arthurian GAELIC LANGUAGE, X. 6; v. 298; XIV. GALANGAL, aromatic drug, X. 17. V. 313, 327. GAELS, V. 297; in Ireland, XIII. 244, 246; in Scotland, XXI. 473; in Wales, XVIII. 482. GAETA, town, Italy, X. 13. GALANTHUS, genus of plants, XXII. 201. GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, X. —, Giovanni da (Pope Gelasius II.), X. GALATA, part of Constantinople, VI. 306. 130. GAETANO, Giovanni (Pope Nicholas III.), XVII. 484. GÆTULIA, ancient district, North Africa, X. 14. GABELSBERGER, F. X., German steno- GETULIANS, people, Mauretania, Africa, grapher, XXI. 841. XV. 637; XVII. 628. GAFF, kind of sail, XXI. 153. GAGATES, mineral, XIII. 672. GAGE, Thomas, English governor of Massachusetts, X. 14; XXIII. 739. GAGERN, Hans Christoph Ernst, Baron von, German statesman, X. 14. GAHLAH, edentate mammal, XVIII. 211. GAHNITE, mineral, XVI. 386. GAHN'S BLOWPIPE, III. 837. GAIA (Oporto), ancient town, Portugal, XVII. 796. village, Paxo, Greece, XVIII. 439. GALATEA, of Greek legend, XVII. 346. pastoral by Cervantes, V. 351. GALATI, ancient Gallic tribe, X. III. GALATIA, division, Asia Minor, x. 18; coins of, XVII. 648; St Paul in, XVIII. 419. GALATIANS, Epistle to the, X. 19. GALAUP, Jean François, French navi- GALDAN, convent, Tibet, XIV. 501. - Thomas, English scholar, X. 23. GALELA, town, Jilolo, Indian Archi- Claudius, ancient medical writer, XXIV. II. GALEOCERDO, genus of sharks, XXI. 776. GALEODES, genus of Arachnida, II. 280. GALEOPITHECIDE, family of insectivorous mammals, XV. 401. GALERIUS MAXIMIANUS, Roman emperor, XV. 644. GALESBURG, town, Illinois, U.S.A., x. 24. GALEUS, genus of sharks, XXI. 774. GALGULUS, genus of birds, XII. 696. −, province, Spain, X. 26; XXII. 298; dialect of, XXII. 352. GALLABAT, or Galabat, town, Upper | GALLUPPI, Pasquale, Italian philoso- GALLAND, Antoine, French Orientalist, GALLARATE, town, Italy, X. 38. GALLATIN, Albert, American politician, MOUNTAINS, Wyoming, U.S.A., pher, X. 46. cian, X. 48. GALL-BLADDER, in anatomy, VII. 231; GALOIS, Évariste, French mathemati- GALLEGOS, river, Patagonia, XVIII. -, Spanish people, X. 26. GALOUBET, musical pipe, XIX. 110. GALTYMORE, mountain, Ireland, XIII. GALLERY, in architecture, II. 465; in GALUPPI, Baldassare, Italian composer, tunnelling, XXIII. 622. X. 48. GALLEYS, Egyptian and Phoenician, XXI. GALVANI, Luigi, Italian physiologist, GALL-FLY, XII. 576. GALLIA, or Gaul (q.v.), X. 111; coins of, GALVANIC BATTERIES, VIII. 92. NARBONENSIS, XIV. 287. P. Licinius, Roman GALIEN, Joseph, his aeronautic chimera, GALLINAGO, genus of birds, XXII. 200. GALLINULA, genus of birds, XVI. 808. GALILEI, Vincenzo, father of Galileo, GALLIRALLUS, genus of birds, XVII. X. 30; on music, XVII. 86. GALILEO (Galileo Galilei), Italian man of science, X. 30; anagram of one of his discoveries, I. 791; his astronomical discoveries, II. 753; on the rings of Saturn, II. 811; his telescopes, XXIII. 136; his thermometer, XXIII. 288; as a writer, XIII. 511. 722. GALVANISM, applied to blasting, III. 808; Nobili's discoveries in, XVII. 524. GALVANIZED IRON, XIII. 357. GALVANOMETER, for measuring electric currents, X. 49; construction of, VIII. 13; differential, VIII. 43; its use in telegraphy, XXIII. 116. GALVANOTROPISM, in vegetable physiology, XIX. 60. GALVESTON, town, Texas, U.S.A., X. GALVEZ, Bernard, Spanish governor of GAMA, Vasco da, Portuguese navigator, GALLIREX, genus of birds, XXIII. 487. GAMARRA, General, ruler in Peru, XVIII. GALINDÆ, ancient tribes, Lithuania, GALLOTANNIC ACID, XXIII. 48. GALINGALE, or Galangal, aromatic drug, GALLOWAY, district, Scotland, XIV. 98; GAMBASSI, or Ghambasso, F. D. L., his XVII. 571; XXIV. 563. Thomas, Scottish mathematician, HORSE, XII. 190. GALLS, Animal and vegetable, X. 43; GALL'S PROCESS, in wine-making, GALL STONES, use of silicylate of glass paintings, X. 670. GAMBETTA, Léon, French politician, IX. 626. GAMBIA, colony and river, West Africa, Lord, English admiral, ISLANDS, South Pacific, XXIII. 602. GAMBIR, dyestuff, V. 220; XIV. 382. GAMBIT, in chess, V. 593. GAMBLING, Law in relation to, X. 67. GAMBOA, Sarmiento de, Patagonian explorer, XVIII. 353. GAN-HWUY, province, China, v. 635. GARDELEGEN, or Gardeleben, town, GAMBOGE, gum-resin, X. 60; IV. 725; GANILH, Charles, French political GARDEN CITY, Long Island, New York, XIX. 87. GAME, Preservation of, its influence on agriculture, 1. 410; on land tenure, XIV. 270, 276. FOWLS, XIX. 644. LAWS, X. 61; in relation to Sabbath observance, XXII. 655; in Switzerland, XXII. 777. GAMES, Ancient, X. 63; gladiatorial, X. 632; Olympic, XVII. 766; secular, at Rome, XXI. 618. , Modern, their legal aspects, x. 66; XXIV. 305. economist, X. 69. U.S.A., XIV. 866. GANJA, or Bhang, plant, III. 627; XI. GARDENING, Science and practice of, 648. GANJAM, district, India, x. 69. GANNAT, town, France, X. 70. GANOIDEI, or Ganoids, group of fishes, GANS, Edward, German jurist, X. 71. GAMING, its legal aspects, X. 66; XXIV. GANSHA, town, Russia, VIII. 146. 305. GAMLIEL, or Gamaliel, Jewish rabbis, x. 58. GAMMA FUNCTION, Tables of, XXIII. 14. GAMMER GURTON'S NEEDLE, Still's comedy, VII. 428; XXII. 550; Skelton's song in, XXII. 120. GANYMEDE, in Greek mythology, X. 72. GAOLS, prisons, XIX. 747; discipline of, GAP, town, France, X. 72. GAMOGENESIS, sexual generation, III. GARA, Lough, Ireland, XX. 850; XXII. 686. GAMPO, Srong Tsan, Tibetan king, XIV. 228. GAMUT, in music, XVII. 80. GAND (Ghent, q.v.), town, Belgium, x. 562. GANDAK, river, Nepal, XVII. 340. GANDER, river, Newfoundland, XVII. 382. GANDERSHEIM, town and abbey, Germany, X. 67; the nun of (Hrosvitha), writer, XII. 326. GANDIA, town, Spain, x. 67. Duke of (Francis Borgia), IX. 694. GANDO, kingdom, Soudan, Africa, x. 67; XXII. 279. GANDY, William, English painter, XX. 502. GANELON, of the Roland legends, xx. GANGANELLI, Giovanni V. A. (Pope GANGES, river, India, x. 68; XII. 732; GANGI, town, Italy, X. 68. GANGPUR, state, India, x. 69; v. 768. 228. 159. XII. 211. GARDIE, Count de la, Swedish general 76. 76. Colonel James, Scottish soldier, X. Stephen, bishop of Winchester, lord chancellor, X. 76; VIII. 333, 339. GARE-FOWL, or Great Auk, X. 78; 11II. 85, 734. GARESSIO, Garesso, or Garezzo, town, GARFIELD, James Abram, president of GAR-FOWL, or Gare-Fowl (q.v.), X. 78. GARGANTUA, Rabelais's work, IX. 652; GARGARUS, Mount, Asia Minor, II. 706. GARAMA (Germa), ancient town, Africa, GARGOYLE, in architecture, II. 465. GARASSE, François, French Jesuit, IX. GARGUNNOCK HILLS, Scotland, XXII. 553. GARHAKOTA, town, India, XXI. 146. GARAT, Dominique Joseph, French GARHWAL, district, India, X. 80; XVII. writer, X. 73. 572. Pierre Jean, French composer and GARIBALDI, Giuseppe, Italian liberator, singer, X. 73. XIII. 487, 489; his defence of Rome, GARAY, Janos, Hungarian poet and his- Manoel, Spanish composer and GARNERIN, Jacques, French aeronaut, I. singer, X. 74. Vicens, Catalan writer, XXII. 364. GARCINIA, genus of trees, X. 60; xv. GARCZYNSKI, Stephen, poet of the GANGRENE, disease, XVI. 849; treatment GARD, department, France, x. 75. of, XXII. 683. GANG-SAWS, XXI. 344. GANGUE, matrix of ores, XVI. 59. GARDA, Lake of, Italy, X. 75; XIII. GARDAIA, town, North Africa, X. 76. 200. GARNET, precious stone, X. 81, 228: GARNIER, Germain, French political J. J., his method of working nickel, XVII. 487. Marie Joseph François, French officer and explorer, X. 82; IV. 624; XXIV. 441. Robert, French dramatist, VII. 423; GARNIERITE, mineral, XVII. 487. GARRISON, William Lloyd, American abolitionist, X. 85; XVII. 433; XXII. 142; XXIII. 767. 586. ARTILLERY, II. 664, 668. LIBRARIES, of British army, II. GASKELL, Mrs, English novelist, X. 103. GAUCHOS, class of people, Argentine Republic, II. 493. GAS-LIGHTING, x. 87; introduced by GAUDEN, John, bishop of Exeter, X. Accum, I. 92. GASOLENE, or Gasoline, paraffin and petroleum product, XVIII. 242, 719. GASPARIN, Count Agenor de, French spiritualist, XXII. 407. 109. Charles, GAUDICHAUD - BEAUPRÉ, XV. 341. GASPARINO, of Barziza, Italian Latin GAUERMANN, Friedrich, Austrian paintwriter, XIV. 342. GAS-POISONING, XV. 781. GAS-PYROMETRY, XX. 129. GARROD, Alfred Henry, on birds, XVIII. GASSENDI, Pierre, French philosopher, GARTH, Sir Samuel, English poet, x. 87. GARUA, mists, Peru, XVIII. 670. GARUDA, fabulous Indian bird, XX. 611. GARUMNA (Garonne), ancient river, France, x. 83. GARVIE, fish, XXII. 432; fisheries, IX. 262. GARVOGUE, river, Ireland, XXII. 159. GARVOLIN, town, Russian Poland, XXII. 37. GARZ, town, Rügen, Prussia, XXI. 57. GAS, or Coal Gas, for lighting, x. 87; Murdock's discovery of the application of, XVII. 53; as fuel, XXII. 182; fuel for iron smelting, XIII. 293; for lighthouses, XIV. 627; vitiation of air by the burning of, XXIV. 158; natural, in United States, XXIII. 813. GASALAND, Africa, Languages of, XXIV. William, inventor of the micrometer, XVI. 242; XXIII. 136. GASCONY, province, France, X. 103. GAS-ENGINES, XXII. 523. GASES, defined, VI. 310; absorption of, in plants, XIX. 45; in coal-mines, VI. 72; XVI. 459; density of, XII. 460; diffusion of, VII. 215; diffusion rate of, XI. 33; dilatation of, III. 35; Gay-Lussac on dilatation of, X. 122; elasticity of, VII. 801; Regnault on expansibility of, XX. 347; expansion of, by heat, XI. 574; laws of, V. 468; XXII. 479; liquefaction of, VIII. 732; magnetism of, XV. 263; molecular laws of, XVI. 611; molecular theory, III. 38; physical properties of, XIX. 240; poisonous, XIX. 279; volcanic, X. 241; waste, from furnaces, XIII. 307. GASSNER, Joseph, German magnetizer, XV. 277. GAST, Luc de, trouvère of English birth, XX. 644. GASTEIN, valley, Salzburg, Austria, X. 107; mineral springs of, XVI. 433; convention of (1865), X. 511. er, X. 109. GAUGAIN, J. M., his electrical researches, VIII. 37; his discharging electroscope, VIII. 118. GAUGAMELA, Mesopotamia, Battle of (331 B.C.), I. 482; XV. 140; XVIII. 582. GAUGE, for comparative measurement, X. IIO. Pressure, XV. 494. Railway, XX. 241, 253. GAUGES, Battle of the, for English railways, IV. 397. GASTEROMYCETES, suborder of Fungi, GAUGING, of casks, XVI. 28. IX. 833. GASTEROPODS, group of Mollusca, XXII. 187. GASTEROSTOMIDE, family of trematode Jean Baptiste, duke of Orleans, XVII. 852. GASTRIC CATARRH, disease, XXII. 574. GASTRIC FEVER, XXIII. 678; in the horse, XXIV. 203. GASTRIC JUICE, XVII. 673, 675. GASTROPODA, class of Mollusca, XVI. 641; in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 813. GASTROSTEUS, genus of fishes, XXII. 548. GASTRULA, stage of animal embryo, II. 51; VIII. 747. GAUHATI, town, Assam, India, X. III. GAUL, ancient country from Rhine to Pyrenees, X. III; Caesar's invasion of, IV. 636; under Rome, XX. 774, 776, 778, 781; coins of, XVII. 635; inhabitants, IX. 527; language, v. 297; libraries, XIV. 512. GAULONITIS, province, Bashan, III. 410. GAULS, their attacks on Rome, XX. 740, 743; of Northern Italy, XIII. 446; under Brennus, IV. 257; in Asia Minor, X. 19. GAULUS (Gozo), island, Mediterranean Sea, XV. 341. GAUMATA, the False Smerdis, Persian GASTRUS EQUI, animal parasite, XXIV. GAUR, medieval town, Bengal, India, 205. GASZYNSKI, C., Polish poet, XIX. 304. GATAKER, Thomas, English divine, x. 107. GATCHINA, town, Russia, X. 108; xx1. 190. GATE-HOUSE, in architecture, II. 465. GATEHOUSE, town, Scotland, XIV. 98. GATES, Horatio, American general, X. 108; XXIII. 744. GATESHEAD, town, England, x. 108. GATES OF LIGHT, Kabbalistic work, XIII. 813. X. 112. GAUSS, Carl Friedrich, German mathematician, X. 116; on determinants, I. 516; his force function, V. 57; on the distribution of magnetism, XV. 228, 237, 249; on map projection, X. 207; on the theory of parallels, XVIII. 255. GAUSSEN, F. S. R. Louis, Swiss theologian, X. 116. GAUSSIAN LOGARITHMS, XIV. 777; tables of, XXIII. 12. GAUTAMA, Siddhartha, the Buddha, IV. 426. GATH, town of the Philistines, X. 108; GAUTIER, Théophile, French writer, X. GATHAS, Zoroastrian hymns, XXIV. 775, GAUZE, woven fabric, X. 118. 777. GATINAIS, district, France, XIV. 809. GÂTINE, part of Deux-Sèvres, France, XXI. 710. GAVARNI (S. G. Chevalier), French caricaturist, X. 118; v. 105. GAVARNIE, district, France, XX. 125, 127. GAVE DE PAU, river, France, XVIII. 414; | GEDDES, Alexander, Scottish Biblical | GELL, Sir William, English scholar and XX. 126. GAVELKIND, system of land tenure, GAVIÆ, group of birds, XVIII. 45. GAVRILOVSK, town, Russia, XXIV. 271. GAY, Delphine (Madame É. de Girardin), 347. John, English poet, X. 119; XVIII. critic, X. 127. antiquary, X. 134. Jenny, originator of uproar against GELLERT, Christian Fürchtegott, GerScottish liturgy, XXI. 512. man writer, X. 134, 533; as hymnGEDROSIA, Parthian satrapy, XVIII. 586. writer, XII. 588. GEDYMIN, king of Lithuania, XIV. 702. GEEL, or Gheel, town, Belgium, X. GEELONG, town, Victoria, Australia, X. 128. GEELVINK BAY, New Guinea, XVII. 386. GEESTEMÜNDE, town, Germany, X. 128. Marie Françoise, French authoress, GEEZEH, Ghizeh, or Gizeh, Egypt, X. 120. GAYA, district and town, India, X. 120. HARBOUR, British North Borneo, XXI. 123. GAY-LUSSAC, Joseph Louis, French physicist and chemist, X. 121; his balloon experiments, 1. 194; on fermentation, IX. 93; on the combinations of gases, V. 465; his experiments on prussic acid, XX. 22; his process of silver assaying, II. 727. GAYLUSSITE, mineral, XVI. 399; XXII. 240. GAYSIN, town, Russia, XIX. 254. GAZA, town of the Philistines, Palestine, -, Theodorus, Greek scholar, X. 125. DE FRANCE, newspaper, XVII. 423. BARKAL, Ethiopia, Pyramids of, XX. 124. GEBER (Abu Musa Dschabir), carly chemist, X. 125; his discoveries, I. 464. AL-BATANI (Al-Battani, q.v.), Arabian astronomer, II. 751. GEFLE, town, Sweden, X. 128; XXII. GEFLEBORG, county, Sweden, XXII. 741. GEIGE, musical instrument, XXIV. 242. GELLIUS, Aulus, author of the Noctes GELON, tyrant of Syracuse, X. 135; GELSEMIUM, plant and drug, X. 135; GEMATRIA, in Mishnah and Kabbalah, GEMBLOURS, Belgium, Battle of (1578), Prussian GEMEL RINGS, xx. 561. administrative GEMEN, Godfrey de, on Gothland sea laws, XXI. 585. GEMETICUM (Jumièges), France, Abbey GEMINIANI, Francesco, Italian violinist, GEMISTUS, or Pletho, Georgius, Byzan- GEMMA FRISIUS, on navigation, XVII. GEIJER, Erik Gustav, Swedish historian, GEMMATION, Reproduction by, in X. 129; XXII. 757. GEIKIE, Walter, Scottish subject painter, X. 129. GEILER, or Geyler, Johann, of Kaisers- GEISSLER, Heinrich, German physicist, TUBE, VIII. 64; XIX. 229. II., pope, X. 130. ascidians, XXIII. 617; in corals, VI. GEMOT, assembly of the township, in GEMSBOK, antelope, X. 141. GENELLI, Giovanni Buonaventura, Ger- GENERAL AVERAGE, XIII. 187; in maritime insurance, III. 145. GENERAL BOUNCE, Whyte Melville's novel, XV. 844. GELATIN, X. 130; V. 579; use of, in GENERATION, in biology, X. 146; III. photography, XVIII. 828. -, Blasting, or Nitroglycerin, XVII. 859. GELBEISENERZ, mineral, XVI. 402. B. AFLAH, Arabian astronomer, GELATINIGERA, order of Protozoa, XIX. XXIII. 562. GEBIR, Landor's poem, XIV. 278. GEBIROL, Ibn (Avicebron, q.v.), Jewish writer, III. 152; XIII. 814; XXI. 426. GEBWEILER, town, Alsace, Germany, X. 126. GECINUS, genus of birds, XXIV. 651. XI. 243. GELDERN, or Guelders, town, Rhenish GENESEE, river, New York, U.S.A., |