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concerning, XI. 679; Kant's Thoughts | FISH, FISHES, XII. 630; XIX. 126; hypo- | FISTULARIIDE, group of fishes, XXI.

on, XIII. 847.

FIRE, FIRES, Destructive (with list of fires), IX. 233; in coal mines, VI. 74; construction of houses for protection against, IV. 453; extinction of, IX. 235; in Chicago (1871), v. 611; in London, XIV. 826, 848.

FIREBALL, Meteoric, XVI. 108; XXIII.

330.

FIRE-BALLOONS, I. 206.
FIRE-BRICKS, IX. 238.

FIRE BRIGADES, IX. 237.
FIRE-CLAY, IX. 238.

FIRE-DAMP, in mines, XVI. 194, 459.

FIRE-ENGINES, IX. 235.
FIRE-ESCAPES, IX. 236.
FIRE-FLY, XVIII. 814.

FIRE INSURANCE, XIII. 161.
FIRE MARBLE, mineral, XVI. 397.
FIRENZE (Florence, q.v.), town, Italy,
IX. 330.

FIRENZUOLA, Agnolo, Italian poet, IX.

240.

FIREPLACE, XXII. 579; in relation to
smoke abatement, XXII. 181; ventila-
tion by, XXIV. 159.
FIREPROOF CLOTH, II. 675.
FIREPROOF Safes, XXI. 144.
FIRE-RAISING, crime, II. 635.
FIRE-STEALING, in mythology, XVII.
158; XIX. 807.
FIRETAIL, bird, XX. 317.

FIRE TRICKS, in magic, XV. 208.
FIREWORKS, XX. 134.

FIRLE BEACON, Sussex, England, XXII. 723.

FIRMIANUS, Lucius Cælius, early
Christian writer, XIV. 195.
FIRMICUS, Maternus Julius, Latin writer,
IX. 241; XV. 489.

FIRMNESS, in phrenology,

845.

XVIII.

FIRMUM PICENUM (Fermo), ancient town, Italy, IX. 98.

FIROZPUR, district, India, IX. 241; XX.

109; town, IX. 241.

thetical primitive form, XXIV. 181; blind, of Mammoth Cave, U.S.A., xv. 450; works on development of, VIII. 168; electric, VII. 694; VIII. 8; XII. 649, 694; XX. 299; XXII. 68; fossil, Agassiz's researches on, I. 275; marine, distribution of, VII. 280, 282; mimicry in, XVI. 343; olfactory organs of, XXII. 166; poisonous, XV. 782; reproduction of, XX. 409; skeleton of, XXII. 106; spawning of, IX. 244; taxidermy of, XXIII. 90; organs of touch in, XXIII. 478; transport of, IX. 243; of America, I. 684; of Himalayas, XI. 834; of India, XII. 743; in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 812. FISH-CROW, bird, XIII. 533. FISH-CULTURE, XIX. 126; XXI. 226. FISHER, or Fisher Marten, XV. 577; skins of, IX. 838.

James, Scottish divine, XXIII. 728. John, bishop of Rochester, IX. 242; VIII. 414; beheaded, VIII. 335.

Mary, English Quakeress, XX. 148, 152. FISHERIES, Sea, IX. 243; mackerel, xv. 160; mussel, XVII. 110; oyster, XVIII. 107; pearl oyster, XVIII. 446; pilchard, Cornwall, VI. 426; seal, XXI. 581; sponge, XXII. 428; sword-fish, XXII. 804; whale, XXIV. 526; whitebait, XXIV. 550; of Canada, IV. 774; XX. 166; of England, VIII. 233; of Holland, XII. 67; of Kinsale, Ireland, VI. 403; of Labrador, XIV. 176; of Maine, U.S.A., XV. 300; of Newfoundland, XVII. 384; of Queensland, XX. 174; of Russia, XXI. 85; of the Volga, XXIV. 280. FISHERMEN, Laws relating to, XXI. 607.

FISHERY BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS,

XIX. 129.

FISHERY LAWS, IX. 268; as affecting rivers, XX. 565; with reference to salmon, XXI. 225.

FIROZ SHAH, Monument of, at Gaur, FISHES, XII. 630. See under Fish, above.
Bengal, X. 115.
FISH-EYE PROBLEM, in optics, XIV. 599.
FIROZ-SHAHR, India, Battle of (1845), FISHGUARD, town, Wales, XVIII. 482.
XX. 12.

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF ENGLAND AND

HER PEOPLE, Hugh Miller's work, XVI. 319.

FIRSTLINGS, Sacrificial offerings of,

XVIII. 343.

FISH-HAWK, bird, XVIII. 56.
FISHING BOATS, IX. 246.
FISHING-FROG, fish, IX. 269; XII. 690.
FISHING HOOKS AND TACKLE, for
angling, II. 32, 33, 38.
FISHING NETS, XVII. 358.

548.

FITCH, skin of polecat, IX. 838.

John, American steamboat inventor, IX. 270.

-, Ralph, English traveller, IX. 270. FITCHburg, town, Massachusetts,

U.S.A., IX. 270.

FITCHET, or Polecat, XIX. 332.
FITHCHEAL, Irish game, V. 597.
FITNESS, Stoic doctrine of, XXII. 568.
FITS, Epileptic, VIII. 479.

FITTON, Irish chancellor, XIII. 268.
FITZ ALWIN, Henry, first mayor of
London, XIV. 844.

FITZGERALD, Lord Edward, leader of
United Irishmen, IX. 270.

Maurice, first earl of Desmond, XIII. 260.

Lord Thomas, Irish leader, IX. 271. FITZGERALDS, of Desmond, noble Irish family, VI. 404.

FITZHERBERT, Sir Anthony, English judge, IX. 271; his Book of Husbandry, I. 295.

-, Maria, her marriage with George IV., X. 427.

FITZINGER, L., on reptiles, XX. 436. FITZMAURICE, Henry Petty, third marquis of Lansdowne, XIX. 148.

William Petty, first marquis of Lansdowne, English statesman, XIV. 289.

FITZ OSBERT, William, Sedition of, in
London, VIII. 305.

FITZ RALPH, Richard, bishop of Armagh,
Ireland, XV. 543; XXIV. 709.
FITZROY, river, Queensland, XX. 171.

suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, xv. 836.

Henry, natural son of Henry VIII. of England, XXII. 694.

-, Robert, English admiral, hydrographer, and meteorologist, IX. 271. FITZSTEPHEN, William, English historian, IX. 273; his description of London (1184), xiv. 844. FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM, Cambridge, England, IV. 729.

FIUME, town, Hungary, IX. 273; III. 121; XII. 363.

FIUMICINO, town, Italy, XVIII. 61. FIVE MILE ACT (1665), England, VIII. 348; XIX. 690.

FIVE NATIONS, American-Indian confederacy, XVII. 454.

FIRTH, or Estuary, XXI. 579; formation FISH MOTH, destructive insect, in Natal, FIVES, game, IX. 273. of, X. 257.

XVII. 241.

FIRUZ-KOH, ancient town, Afghanistan, FISH OIL, XVII. 744, 747.

X. 570.

FISA, or Visions, in Irish literature, v.

FISH-PLATES, Railway, XX. 242.
FISK UNIVERSITY, Nashville, Tennessee,
U.S.A., XVII. 236.

town, France, IX. 273.

FIX, Theodore, French political econo-
mist, IX. 273.
FIXED OILS, XVII. 739.
FIXED STARS, II. 816.

FISCHART, Johannes, German satirist, FISSIPEDIA, suborder of carnivorous FIXTURES, in law, IX. 274; in land

310; in Welsh, V. 326.

IX. 242; X. 528.

FISCHERITE, mineral, XVI. 405.

FISCHER VON ERLACH, Viennese archi

tect, XXIV. 220.

mammals, XV. 433.

FISSURELLA, genus of Mollusca, xvI. 645.

FISTULA, in surgery, IX. 270.

tenure, XIV. 274.

FJORDS, of Scandinavia, XVII. 576; XXII. 737; formation of, X. 257. FLACCUS, Caius Valerius, Roman poet,

IX. 274; his place in Roman literature, | FLAVIAN, patriarch of Constantinople, | FLEURANGES, Robert de la Marck, XX. 726.

FLACIUS, Matthias, German theologian,

IX. 275; on church history, v. 765; on Lutheran theology, XV. 85.

IX. 293.

PALACE, at Rome, XX. 823. FLAVIGNY, Valérien, French Hebraist, IX. 293.

FLACOURT, Étienne de, French governor FLAVIN, dyestuff, IX. 293; XX. 175.

of Madagascar, IX. 275. FLAG, or Iris, genus of plants, IX. 279. - FLAGS, Military and naval, IX. 276; knight's, XIV. 117; of United States, XXIII. 742; signals by means of, XXII. 49.

FLAGELLANTS, self-chastising fraternities, IX. 280.

FLAGELLATA, class of Protozoa, XIX. 856.

FLAGEOLET, musical instrument, IX. 351.

FLAGSTAFF MINE, Utah, U.S.A., XXIII. 815.

FLAHAUT DE LA BILLARDERIE, Auguste

C. J., Comte de, French general and diplomatist, IX. 281; XVI. 829. FLAKSTADÖ, island, Norway, XIV. 769. FLAMBARD, Ranulph or Ralph, bishop

of Durham, IX. 281; VIII. 303; XVII. 548; minister of William Rufus, XXIV. 577. FLAMBERG, German sword, XXII. 803. FLAMBOYANT, in architecture, II. 431, 464.

FLAME, IX. 282.

Singing, I. 115.

FLAVIONAVIA (Aviles), ancient town,
Spain, III. 157.
FLAVIUS, the
FLAVIUS, the Armenian (Leo V.),
emperor of the East, XIV. 453-

the Isaurian (Leo III.), emperor of the East, XIV. 452.

Seigneur de, French marshal and historian, IX. 305.

FLEUR-DE-LIS, heraldic device, IX. 306. FLEURY, France, Library of monastery at, XIV. 513.

André Hercule de, French cardinal and statesman, IX. 306, 585.

Claude, French ecclesiastical historian, IX. 306.

FLEXURE, of a beam or rod, VII. 808.
FLEYDER, on flying, 1. 186.

-, Magnus (Leo I.), emperor of the FLIEDNER, Theodore, German philanEast, XIV. 452.

Porphyrogenitus

(Constantine

VII.), emperor of the East, VI. 301.

Sapiens (Leo VI.), emperor of the East, XIV. 453.

74.

VOPISCUS, Augustan historian, III.

FLAX, plant and fibre, IX. 293, 133; culture of, I. 380; manufacture of, XIV. 663; of New Zealand (Phormium), XVIII. 812.

FLAXMAN, John, English sculptor, IX. 298; XXI. 560.

FLAX SPINNING, Girard's machines for, X. 620.

FLEA, insect, IX. 300; XIII. 150; Leeuwenhoek's study of, XIV. 411. FLÉCHIER, Esprit, bishop of Nîmes, poet and preacher, IX. 301.

FLAMEL, Nicolas, French alchemist, IX. FLECKNOE, Richard, English poet and 285.

FLAME MANOMETER, I. 115, 117. FLAMEN, Roman priest, IX. 285; XIX. 455.

DIALIS, priest of Jupiter, XIII. 780; XXIII. 18.

FLAMINGO, bird, IX. 286.

FLAMINIAN WAY, Roman road, Italy, XX. 555.

FLAMININUS, Titus Quinctius, Roman general and statesman, IX. 287; XX. 752.

dramatist, IX. 302.

FLEECE, of wool, I. 399; XXIV. 656. FLEET, river and ditch, London, XIV. 818, 850; XVI. 279.

British, Officers of the, XVII. 291. STREET, London, XIV. 848. FLEETWOOD, town, England, IX. 302. Charles, lord deputy of Ireland, IX. 302.

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William, bishop of Ely, IX. 303. FLEITMANN, his method of working nickel, XVII. 488.

thropist, IX. 307; his institution of Sisters of Charity, XIII. 825.

FLIEGENDE HOLLÄNDER, Der, Wagner's

opera, XXIV. 314.

FLIES, class of insects, VII. 255; XII. 317; mimicry in, XVI. 343.

Artificial, for angling, II. 44.

"" House, XIII. 150. FLIGHT, Laws of, IX. 308. FLINCK, Govert, Dutch painter, IX. 324.

FLINDERS, Matthew, English navigator, IX. 324; his explorations in Australasia, III. 104; X. 190.

FLINT, mineral, IX. 325; X. 239; XVI. 389.

-, county, Wales, IX. 326; population and representation, XXIII. 727; coalfield, VI. 52; town, IX. 327.

Timothy, American divine and writer, IX. 327.

GLASS, Manufacture of, x. 663.
WEAPONS, II. 337, 553.
FLOCCULI, of spider's silk, II. 296.
FLODDEN, England, Battle of (1513),
XIII. 557; XXI. 497.
FLODOARD, French chronicler, IX. 328.
FLOOD, The, of Scripture, VII. 55.

Henry, Irish orator and politician,

IX. 328.

ROCK, New York Harbour, Blasting of, XXIII. 622.

consul FLEMING, John, on animal classification, FLOODS, in rivers, XII. 502; XX. 571. XVIII. 15, 18.

FLAMINIUS, Caius, Roman
(223 B.C.), IX. 288; XX. 749.
Caius, Roman consul (187 B.C.),
IX. 289.
FLAMSTEED, John, English astronomer,
IX. 289; II. 756; XVII. 257.
FLANDERS, countship, Netherlands, IX.
290; provinces, Belgium, III. 515.
FLANDRIN, Jean Hippolyte, French
painter, IX. 291.
FLANNEL, Woollen stuff, IX. 292.
FLASQUE, in heraldry, XI. 697.
FLATBUSH, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., IX. 292; XIV. 866.
FLAT-FISH, IX. 292.
FLAT HEAD, fish, XII. 686.
FLATLANDS, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.

FLAVEL, John, English theologian, IX.

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FLOOR CLOTH, IX. 329; XIV. 676.
FLOORING, in building, IV. 452, 455,
482, 493; tiles for, XXIII. 389.
FLOR, Roger di, military adventurer,
IX. 330.

FLORA, in Roman mythology, IX. 330.
of different countries, Grouping
and distribution of, VII. 286.
FLORAL GAMES, Academy of, Toulouse,
I. 69.

FLORALIA, Roman festival, IX. 330. FLORENCE, town, Italy, IX. 330; XX. 275; as a republic, XIII. 479; council of (1439), XIX. 503; in time of Dante, VI. 810; Medici family, xv. 783; its rivalry with Pisa, XIX. 120; in time of Savonarola, XXI. 334; its wars with Siena, XXII. 39, 41; academy of, 1. 74; Accademia del Cimento, I. 70; banking in, III. 316; baptistery, XIX. 122; bridge, IV. 332; cathedral, II.

436; campanile of cathedral, II. 456; | FLOWERS, Artificial, IX. 348.

coins, XVII. 656; cupola of church of S.
Maria del Fiore, IV. 399; dialect of,
XIII. 497; libraries, XIV. 530, 548;
majolica ware, XIX. 628; nobility of,
XVII. 528; observatory at, XVII. 714;
its school of painting, XXI. 434, 442;
picture galleries, XXI. 446; porcelain,
XIX. 636; sculptures, XX. 589; xxI.
567; terra-cotta art, XXIII. 194; uni-
versity, XXIII. 837.

FLORENCE, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XVII. 558.

of Worcester, English chronicler, IX. 337.

FLORENTIA (Florence), ancient town,
Italy, IX. 333.

FLORENTINE DIAMOND, VII. 166.
FLORES, island, Indian Archipelago, IX.

337.

island, Azores, Atlantic, III. 172. -, town, Guatemala, XI. 239. FLOREZ, Enrique, Spanish historian, IX. 337.

FLORIAN, patron saint of Poland, IX.

337.

Jean Pierre Claris de, French poet and romancist, IX. 337; XVIII. 348. FLORIDA, State, U.S.A., IX. 338; population, XXIII. 802; orange culture in, XVII. 811. FLORIDA-BLANCA, Count of, Spanish statesman, IX. 341; XXII. 340. FLORIDEÆ, order of plants, XXIV. 127. FLORIDO, Venetian algebraist, I. 513. FLORINUS, Polycarp's letter to, XIX.

414.

FLORIO, Giovanni, English lexicographer

and translator, IX. 341; teacher and friend of Shakespeare, XXI. 756. FLORIS I.-V., counts of Holland, XII.

71.

OF THE FOREST, Scottish ballad,
VI. 98.

FLOYD-CARROLL-GRAYSON PLATEAU,
Virginia, U.S.A., XXIV. 256.
FLOYER, Sir John, English physician
and writer, IX. 349.
FLUDD, Robert, English physician and
mystic, IX. 349.

FLUELLITE, mineral, XVI. 384.
FLÜGEL, Gustav Lebrecht, German
Orientalist, IX. 349.

FEDERA, Rymer's historical collection,
XXI. 119.

FONICULUM, genus of plants, IX. 76.
FOETUS, Circulation of the blood in,
XXIV. 108; syphilis in, XXII. 687.
IN FŒTU, monstrosity, XVI. 766.
FOG, London, XIV. 827; causes of, XXII.
180.

FOGARAS, town, Hungary, IX. 353.
FOG-BOW, or Fog-Eater, halo, XI. 399.
FOGELBERG, Benedict Erland, Swedish
sculptor, IX. 353.

Johann Gottfried, German lexico- FOGGIA, town, Italy, IX. 353; province grapher, IX. 349.

FLUID, FLUIDS, XII. 435; definition and
physical properties of, VI. 310; XIX.
240; friction of, XIX. 247; motion of
surface of, XV. 753; theory of motion
of, III. 43; resistance of, XXI. 810; |
surface-tension of, v. 56.

(Capitanata), v. 73.

FOGO, one of Cape Verd Islands, V. 52.
FOG SIGNALS, XXII. 49.

FÖHN, local wind, Switzerland, XXII.
777.

FÖHR, island, Schleswig-Holstein, XXI.
414.

FLUKE, parasitic worm, XXIII. 535; FOIL, thin sheet-copper, IX. 353.
XXIV. 205.

FLUOCERITE, mineral, XVI. 383.
FLUORESCENCE, source of light, XIV.
579, 602; IX. 350; in crystals, xvi.
376.

FLUORESCIN, chemical compound, XVIII.
855.

FLUORINE, chemical element, IX. 349;
V. 490.

FLUOR SPAR, or Fluorite, mineral, IX.
349; X. 228; XVI. 383; as a flux, XVI.
62.

Fencing, IX. 69.
FOIX, town, France, IX. 353.

Counts of, IX. 354; II. 18.

Paul de, French prelate and diplomatist, IX. 354.

FOKSHAN, town, Roumania, IX. 354.
FOLARD, Jean Charles de, French
writer on tactics, IX. 355.
FOLC-LAND, or Folk-Land (q.v.), in
English law, IX. 357.

FOLDVAR, town, Hungary, IX. 355.
FOLENGO, Teofilo, Italian poet, IX. 355.

FLUSHING, town, Holland, IX. 350; FOLEY, John Henry, British sculptor,
population, XXIV. 772.
IX. 355.
town, Long Island, New York, FOLIGNO, town, Italy, IX. 356.
U.S.A., IX. 350; xiv. 866.
FOLK-BOOKS, XVIII. 204.

FLUTE, musical instrument, IX. 350; FOLKES, Martin, English antiquary, IX.
XXIII. 519.

FLUTE-MOUTH, fish, XXII. 548.
FLUXES, in smelting ores, XVI. 62; in
iron smelting, XIII. 295.

Frans, Flemish sculptor and FLUXIONS, in mathematics, XIII. 8, 10; painter, IX. 342. FLORUS, Roman historian, IX. 342.

Newton's invention of, XVII. 446; |
Maclaurin's discussion of, XV. 161.

Gessius, Roman procurator in FLY, insect, VII. 255; XII. 317; XIII. 150; Judæa, XIII. 427.

FLOSCULARIA, genus of Rotifera, XXI. 4. FLOTATION, Position of animals in, IX. 309.

FLOTSAM, in English law, IX. 342; V. 787.

FLOTTA, island, Orkney, Scotland, XVII. 846.

FLOUNDER, fish, IX. 342.

FLOUR, Manufacture of, IX. 343; III. 251; XV. 310; adulteration of, 1. 171. FLOURENS, Gustave, French communist and writer, IX. 347.

proboscis of, XXIII. 478.

river, New Guinea, XVII. 386.
FLYCATCHER, bird, IX. 351.
FLY-FISHING, II. 36; hooks for, II. 33,
38.

FLYING, IX. 310; attempts at, 1. 186.
DOVE, of Archytas, I. 185.
DUTCHMAN, legend, XIII. 674.
DUTCHMAN, Wagner's opera, XXIV.

314.

FLYING-FISH, IX. 352; XII. 693.
FLYING-FOX, bat, IX. 352, 310.
FLYING GURNARD, fish, XII. 690.

Marie Jean Pierre, French physio- FLYING LEMUR, insectivorous mammal, logist, IX. 347.

FLOWER, of plants, defined and described, IV. 126; XII. 215; XX. 424. FLOWER-DE-LUCE, genus of plants, IX.

279.

FLOWER GARDEN, XII. 247.
FLOWERING, of plants, IV. 121.

XV. 401.

FLYING MACHINES, IX. 308, 317; I.
186, 202.

FLY-WHEEL, XV. 769; of steam-engine,
XXII. 509, 511.

FOCA, island, Peru, XVIII. 671.
FOCAL LINES, in optics, XVII. 799.

356.

FOLKESTONE, town, England, IX. 356;
XIV. 39.

FOLK-LAND, in English law, IX. 357,
305; VIII. 275; Saxon, XVIII. 302.
FOLK-LORE, IX. 357; in relation to
mythology, XVII. 144; magical sur-
vivals in, XV. 204; totemism in,
XXIII. 467; Indian, XVIII. 660.
FOLK-SONGS, III. 283.

FOLLEN, August Ludwig, German poet,
IX. 359.

Charles, German poet and theologian, IX. 359.

FOLLETT, Sir William Webb, English lawyer, IX. 359.

FOLLICLE, form of fruit, IV. 151. FOLLOWER, in applied mechanics, XV. 755

FOLQUET, of Marseilles, Provençal poet,
XIX. 874.

FOMORIANS, of Irish legend, V. 300;
XIII. 243.

FONBLANQUE, Albany William, English
political writer, IX. 360.
FONDANTS, French comfit, VI. 257.
FOND DU LAC, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
IX. 361; population, XXIV. 617.
FONDI, town, Italy, IX. 361.

FONS CASTALIUS (Castalia), fountain, | FORAMINIFERA, IX. 371; distribution

Parnassus, Greece, V. 186; VII. 52. FONS EBRALDI (Fontevrault), ancient town, France, IX. 365.

FONSECA, Bay of, Honduras, XII. 130. FONT, Baptismal, IX. 361; in architecture, II. 464.

FONTAINE, Jean de la (La Fontaine, q.v.), French poet, XIV. 203.

Pierre François Léonard, French architect, IX. 362.

FONTAINEBLEAU, town, France, IX. 363; XXI. 625.

FONTANA, Carlo, Italian architect, XX. 836.

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Lavinia, Italian painter, IX. 363. Niccolo Tartaglia, Italian mathematician, XXIII. 68.

Prospero, Italian painter, IX. 364. FONTANES, Louis, Marquis de, French poet, IX. 364.

FONTANET, or Fontenay, France, Battle
of (841), IX. 533; XV. 9.
FONTARABIA, town, Spain, IX. 810.
FONTENAY, France, Battle of (841), IX.
533; XV. 9.

-, Lefèvre de, French journalist, XVII.
424.

of, VII. 277, 283.

FOR BACH, town, German Lorraine, IX.
387.

FORBES, Alexander Penrose, bishop of
Brechin, IX. 387.

David, English chemist and geo-
logist, IX. 388.

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Duncan, of Culloden, Scottish lawyer and statesman, IX. 388.

389.

VI. 4; submerged, x. 256; American, distribution of, I. 676; of Africa, 1. 252; European, VIII. 692; of India, XII. 753; of Kentucky, XIV. 43; of the United States, XXIII. 807. FOREZ, mountains, France, XX. 119; plain, XIV. 807.

FORFAR, county, Scotland, IX. 410;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre-
sentation, XXIII. 727; town, IX. 412.

Edward, English naturalist, IX. FORFICULA, genus of insects, VII. 612.
FORFICULIDE, order of insects, VII.

James David, Scottish natural philosopher, IX. 390; on the motion of glaciers, X. 629.

Sir John, physician and writer, IX. 393; XV. 816.

William Alexander, on birds, XVIII.

39.
FORBIDDEN FRUIT (Shaddock), XXI.
727.

FORBIN, Claude de, French naval com-
mander, IX. 393.

Comte de, French painter, XI. 48.
FORCE, in dynamics, VII. 581; XV. 676,

746, 764; electric, VIII. 20; its equival-
ent of heat, XI. 558; as the product of
heat, XXIII. 283; measure of, Vii. 584;
XV. 698; Kant on the theories of, XIII.
847; Leibnitz's doctrine of, XIV. 421.
Theresa, Comtesse de, XXIII. 33. FORCELLINI, Egidio, Italian philologist,
FONTENAY-LE-COMTE, town, France,
IX. 393.
IX. 364.
FORCHHAMMER, Johan Georg, Danish
FONTENELLE, Bernard le Bovier de, mineralogist, IX. 393.
French writer, IX. 364, 664.
FORCHHAMMERITE, mineral, XVI. 415.
FONTENOY, Belgium, Battle of (1745), FORCHHEIM, town, Bavaria, IX. 394.
VI. 705; IX. 586; XXI. 346.
FORCIBLE ENTRY, Law of, VI. 583.

FONTEVRAUD, Order of, monks and FORD, Horace A., archer, II. 373.
nuns, XVI. 709.

FONTEVRAULT, town, France, IX. 365.
FOO-CHOW, town, China, IX. 812.
FOOD, VIII. 616; dietetics, VII. 200;
cookery of, VI. 331; digestion of, XVII.
669; gelatinous, X. 132; laws against
luxurious, XXII. 644; milk as, XVI.
303; poisonous, XV. 781; preserved,
XIX. 707; supply of, in Great Britain,
VI. 415; tabooed, XXIII. 16, 468; of
plants, XIX. 48.

FOOL, jester, IX. 366.
FOOT, Anatomy of the human, I. 830;
joints and muscles of, 1. 841; club-foot,
VI. 42; redundant or defective toes on,
XVI. 762; of mammals, XV. 360.
measure of length, XXIV. 483.
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE, XVII. 60.
FOOTBALL, game, IX. 367.

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John, English dramatist, IX. 394;
VII. 432.

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FORGING MACHINES, IX. 413.

FORKEL, Johann Nikolaus, German
musician, IX. 414.
FORLÌ, town, Italy, IX. 414; district,
XX. 560.

Melozzo da, Italian painter, IX. 414.
FORLIMPOPOLI, town, Italy, IX. 415.
FORM, Abstract idea of, XV. 629.
FORMAN, Simon, English physician
and astrologer, IX. 415.
FORMARTIN, district, Scotland, I. 43.
FORME, Printer's, XXIII. 700.
FORMENTARA, one of the Balearic
Islands, Spain, III. 278.

FORMEY, Johann Heinrich Samuel,

German writer, IX. 415.
FORMIA, town, Italy, IX. 415.

Richard, English writer on Spain, | FORMICA, genus of insects, II. 94.

IX. 396.

Thomas, English musician, IX.

396.
FORDUN, John of, Scottish historian, IX.
397.

FOREHEAD, Bone of the, 1. 824.
FOREIGN ENLISTMENT ACTS, XIII.
196.

FORMOSA, island, China, IX. 415; II.
687; v. 636; birds of, III. 762; cam-
phor production, IV. 761; Psalman-
azar's work on, XX. 28.
FORMOSUS, Pope, IX. 418.
FORMULAR SYSTEM, in Roman law,
XIX. 707.

FOROJULIUM (Friuli), ancient town,
Italy, IX. 790.

FORRES, town, Scotland, VIII. 130.
FORS, constitution of Béarn, France,
III. 465.

FOREIGNERS, in Roman law, xx. 695.
FORENSIC COSTUME, VI. 476.
FORENSIC MEDICINE, XV. 778.
FORENSIC RHETORIC, XX. 511.
FOREORDINATION, in theology, XIX. FORSKÅL, Peter, Swedish naturalist and

668.

FORESITE, mineral, XVI. 423.
FOREST ADMINISTRATION, IX. 397.

FOOTE, Samuel, English dramatist and FORESTALLING, of corn, Laws against, I.

298; VI. 412.

FOOT-POUND, unit for measurement of FOREST DISTRICTS, Switzerland, XXII.

actor, IX. 368; VII. 438.

work, VIII. 206; XV. 700.

Miller's work, XVI. 320.

782.

FOOTSTEPS OF THE CREATOR, Hugh FORESTERS, Ancient Order of, IX. 782.

FOOTWAYS, in streets, XX. 588.
FOPPA, Vincenzo, Italian painter, IX.

371; XXI. 437.

FORAGE CROPS, Culture of, 1. 370.

FOREST LAW, English, IX. 409.
FOREST OF DEAN, district, Gloucester,
England, X. 687, 689; coalfield of, vi.

50.

philosopher, IX. 418.

FORST, town, Prussia, IX. 418.

FORSTER, François, French engraver,
IX. 418.

G. S., on birds, XVIII. 8.

Johann Georg Adam, German

naturalist, IX. 418.

John, English historian and critic, IX. 419.

John R., on birds, xvIII. 8.

FÖRSTER, Friedrich, German historian,
IX. 418.

FORESTS, IX. 397; their effect on climate, FORSTERITE, mineral, XVI. 410.

FORSYTH, William, on the origin of FOSCARINI, Marco, doge of Venice, his- | FOUNDLING HOSPITALS, IX. 481. | torian, IX. 471.

trial by jury, XIII. 784.

FORT, Construction of a, IX. 433, 434. FORTALEZA (Ceara), town, Brazil, v.

282.

Michele, Venetian historian, IX. 471. FOSCOLO, Ugo, Italian writer, IX. 471; VII. 417; XIII. 513.

FORT CARILLON, New York, U.S.A., Foss, Edward, English legal writer, IX.
XXIII. 352.

FORT DE FRANCE, town, Martinique,
West Indies, IX. 420; XV. 586.
FORT DE KOCK, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
FORTEBRACCIO, Nicola, Roman captain,
xx. 805.

FORT EDMONTON, Canada, XV. 490.
FORTESCUE, Sir John, English lawyer,
IX. 420; VIII. 416.

FORTH, river, Scotland, IX. 420; XXII. 553.

BRIDGE, Scotland, XX. 234. FORTIFICATION, IX. 421 (index, 468); of ancient Rome, XX. 812. FORT NARYN, Syr-Daria, Central Asia, XXII. 818.

FORTRESS, Armament of a, IX. 454. FORTROSE, town, Scotland, IX. 468. FORT SCOTT, town, Kansas, U.S.A., XIII. 844.

FORT SUMTER, South Carolina, U.S.A., Surrender of (1861), XXIII. 774. FORTUNA, Roman goddess, IX. 468; | temple of, at Præneste, XIX. 654; at Rome, II. 417; XX. 827. FORTUNATUS, legendary hero, IX. 468.

Venantius H. C., bishop of Poitiers, Latin poet, IX. 469; as hymnwriter, XII. 582. FORTUNE BAY, Newfoundland, XVII. 382.

FORTUNE-TELLING, Laws against, XV. 204; XXIV. 622.

FORTUNY, Mariano, Spanish painter, XXI. 440, 443.

FORT WAYNE, town, Indiana, U.S.A., IX. 469.

FORT WORTH, town, Texas, U.S.A., XXIII. 205.

FORUM, at Pompeii, XIX. 446.

472.

H. H., Norwegian poet, XVII. 591. FOSSANO, town, Italy, IX. 472.

Ambrogio Stefani da (Il Borgognone), Italian painter, IX. 472; XXI. 437.

FOUNDLING WHEEL, in Italy, XIII. 449.

FOUNDRY OPERATIONS, IX. 479; XIII.

355.

FOUNTAIN, spring of water, IX. 484. FOUNTAINE, Sir Andrew, collector of majolica ware, XIX. 628. FOUNTAINS ABBEY, Yorkshire, England, 1. 18, 19; XXIV. 749. FOUNTAINS OF MOSES, hot wells, Sinai, Arabia, II. 236.

Foss DYKE, the oldest British canal, FOUQUÉ, Friedrich Heinrich Karl, IV. 783.

FOSSE, in fortification, IX. 444.

Baron de la Motte, German writer, IX. 486; X. 542; hymns by, XII. 588. FOUQUET, Nicolas, French financier and statesman, IX. 487, 574; patron of La Fontaine, XIV. 204.

War of the, Arabia (627), XVI. 556. FOSSILS, in geology, X. 319; the oldest known, IX. 384; birds, III. 728; fishes, XII. 666; mammals, XV. 375 (and | FOUQUIER-TINVILLE, Antoine Quentin, article Mammalia throughout); of America, 1. 682.

FOSSOMBRONE, town, Italy, IX. 473.
FOSSOMBRONI, Vittorio, Italian states-
man and mathematician, IX. 473.
FOSSORES, or Grave-Diggers, of the Cata-
combs, V. 214.

FOSSWAY, Roman remains, Lincolnshire,
England, XIV. 656.
FOSTER, John, English essayist, IX.
473.

Stephen Collins, American song-
writer, IX. 475.
FOSTERAGE, under Brehon Law, in Ire-
land, IV. 253.
FOTHERGILL, John, English physician,
IX. 475; XV. 815.
FOTHERINGAY CASTLE, Northampton,

England, XVII. 557; confinement of
Mary, queen of Scots, at, xv. 601.
FOUCAULT, Jean Bernard Léon, French
physicist, IX. 475; his experiment
showing the earth's rotation, X. 197;
on radiation, XX. 215.
FOUCHÉ, Joseph, French minister of
police, IX. 476; his relations with
Wellington, XXIV. 497.

FOUCHER, Simon, French sceptic, IX.
478.

at Rome, IX. 469; XX. 813, 815, 825; architecture of, II. 419. FOUGASSE, in military mining, IX. 464. CORNELII (Imola), ancient town, FOUGÈRES, town, France, IX. 478. Italy, XII. 717. FOULA, island, Shetland, Scotland, XVII. 846.

JULII (Cividale), ancient town, Italy, v. 797.

JULII (Fréjus), ancient town, France, IX. 767.

JULII (Friuli), ancient town, Italy, IX. 790.

LIVII (Forli), ancient town, Italy, IX. 414.

FOSBROKE, Thomas Dudley, English antiquary, IX. 469.

FOULAHS, or Fulahs, Negro race, Africa, | XVII. 319; I. 263; XXII. 248, 278, 279. FOULD, Achille, French financier, IX. 478.

French Revolutionist, IX. 488. FOURAH BAY COLLEGE, Sierra Leone,

West Africa, XXII. 45.

FOUR BOOKS, of China, v. 661.
FOURCHAMBAULT, town, France, IX.
488; XVII. 496.

FOURCROY, Antoine François, Comte
de, French chemist, IX. 488.
FOUR GEORGES, The, by Thackeray,
XXIII. 216.
FOURIER, François Charles Marie,
French socialist writer, IX. 489; XXII.
208.

Jean Baptiste Joseph, French mathematician and physicist, IX. 490; I. 516; his theorem of simple harmonic analysis, XV. 689; XVII. 105; on the conduction of heat, XI. 578, 587; XVII. 738.

FOUR MASTERS, Annals of the, v. 307, 326.

FOURMENT, Helena, Rubens's second
wife, XXI. 45.

FOURMONT, Etienne, French Orientalist,
IX. 491.

Michel, French Syriac scholar, IX.

491. FOURNEYRON, Benoît, inventor of turbine water-wheel, XII. 438. FOURNIER, Pierre Simon, French printer, IX. 491.

FOURRÉ, Marie, heroine at siege of

Péronne, France, XVIII. 552.

FOUR SONS OF AYMON, romance, XX.
652.

FOURVIÈRES, ancient building, Lyons,
France, XV. III.

FOULDREY CASTLE, Lancashire, Eng- FOUSSA, Malagasy cat, XV. 435.
land, XIV. 254.

FOULIS, Andrew and Robert, Scottish printers and publishers, IX. 479; their editions of the classics, III. 657.

FOSCARI, Francesco, doge of Venice, IX. FOULQUES, Gui (Pope Clement IV.), v.

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FOVEAUX STRAIT, New Zealand, XVII. 467.

FOWL, FOWLS, poultry, IX. 491; XIX. 644; successive stages of cranium of, III. 700; management of, 1. 401. FOWLER, Charles, English architect, IX. 492.

-, John, inventor of steam plough, IX. 492; I. 314.

William, Scottish poet, IX. 492.

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