CROWN, Demosthenes's oration on the, | CRUSTACEA, class of animals, VI. 632; | CTESIAS, Greek physician and historian, VII. 71. The British, prerogatives of, XVIII. 310; XIX. 672. IMPERIAL, plant, XII. 255. LANDS, in England, VIII. 298. CROWS, American-Indian tribe, XII. 832. XVII. 116; embryology of, XX. 419; organs of touch in, XXIII. 478; distribution of, VII. 278, 283; parasites of, XVIII. 259; in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 813. CRUVEILHIER, Jean, French anatomist, VI. 667; I. 816. CROWTHER, Samuel, Negro bishop, CRUZ, Juan de la, Spanish mystic, VI. CROZAT, Antoine, settler in Louisiana, CRYOLITE, mineral, VI. 667; XVI. 384; CROZIER, archbishop's staff, vI. 463, 614. XXII. 240. SODA, XXII. 244. CRYOPHORUS, freezing apparatus, VIII, 731. CRYOPHYLLITE, mineral, XVI. 413. CRUCHADE, kind of porridge, used in CRUCIBLE STEEL, XIII. 342. CRUCIFIX, VI. 612. CRUCIFIXION, VI. 610; of Jesus Christ, CRYPTODIRA, group of chelonian reptiles, XXIII. 457. 157. cular, XX. 426. CRUDEN, Alexander, author of Concord- CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS, IV. 92, 140, ance to Bible, VI. 621. CRUIKSHANK, George, English carica- CRYPTOGAMS, Cellular, XIV. 552; vasturist, V. 105. William, on the anatomy of the CRYPTOGRAPHY, writing in cipher, VI. lymphatic system, I. 815. 669; Wheatstone's contributions to, XXIV. 538. CRUISERS, Iron-clad, XVII. 286. CRUM, Walter, of Thornliebank, on the CRYPTOLITE, mineral, XVI. 403. chemistry of dyeing, VII. 580. CRUMEN GLAND, of antelopes and deer, XV. 348. CRUMLIN VIADUCT, Wales, IV. 338. CRUMN, king of Bulgaria, XVII. 481. CRUMWELL, or Cromwell (q.v.), Thomas, earl of Essex, VI. 604. CRUNODE, in geometry, XXII. 669. CRUONINGA (Groningen), ancient town, Holland, XI. 207. CRUSADERS, Coins of the, XVII. 658. CRUSADES, VI. 622; XVI. 588; their economic effects, XIX. 352; England's share in them, VIII. 296; their influence on Egypt, VII. 752; on France, IX. 537; on the Greek empire, XI. 118; on the military system of Europe, II. 564; connexion of knights with, XIV. 115; XXIII. 160; in relation to geographical knowledge, X. 178; to the popedom, XIX. 499; effects of the first in Asia Minor, II. 713; St Bernard's preaching of the second, III. 603; under Richard I. of England, XX. 540; Joinville's History of, XIII. 734; Villehardouin's chronicle of the fifth, XXIV. 229. VI. 677; on the topography of CTESIBIUS, inventor of forcing pump, CTESIPHON, ancient town, Assyria, vi. 677; XVI. 51; siege of (199), XVIII. 605. friend of Demosthenes, I. 208; VII. 71. CUBA, island, West Indies, VI. 678; XXII. 298; XXIV. 510; freshwater fishes of, XII. 674; forests, IX. 406; slavery in, XXII. 142. Johannes de, on birds, XVIII. 3. CUBAN, mineral, XVI. 393. CUBATURE OF SOLIDS, in calculus, XIII. 53. CUBE, in geometry, X. 388. CUBE ROOT, in algebra, I. 528; in arithmetic, II. 533. CUBES, Tables of, XXIII. 8. CUB HUNTING, XII. 396. CUBICS, Twisted, in geometry, X. 407. CUBIC SURFACES, in geometry, XXII. 670. CUBICULA, in the Catacombs, V. 210. CUBIT, measure of length, XXIV. 483. CUBITT, Thomas, London builder, vi. 683. Sir William, English engineer, VI. 683. XXI. 690. CRYPTOPIA, Vegetable alkaloid, XVII. CRYPTURI, group of birds, XVIII. 45; CUCA, plant, VI. 684; XVIII. 673. XXIII. 403. CRYSTAL, or Flint Glass, Manufacture of, X. 663. CUCKING STOOL, for punishment, XIX. 96. CUCKMERE, river, England, XXII. 723. CRYSTALLINE PLATES, Colours of, CUCKOO, or Cuckow, bird, vI. 685; 111. XXIV. 450. CRYSTALLIZATION, of rocks, X. 259. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, VI. 671; XVI. 346; Haüy's contributions to, XI. 523; Mitscherlich's, XVI. 531. CRYSTAL PALACE, London, VIII. 803; XIV. 836; architecture of, II. 453. CRYSTALS, VI. 671; XIV. 613; XVI. 346; magnetism of, XV. 265; uniaxal and biaxal, XIV. 613; XXIV. 449. CSOKONAI, Mihaly Vitez, Hungarian poet, VI. 677; XII. 377. CSOMA DE KÖRÖS, Alexander, Hungarian philologist, VI. 677; XXIII. 346. CTENIDIOBRANCHIA, suborder of Mollusca, XVI. 645, 655. CTENODRILUS, genus of worms, XXIV. 678. CRUSADING ORDERS, of knighthood, in CTENOLABRUS, genus of fishes, XXIV. CUDWORTH, Ralph, English philo Spain, XXII. 316. CRUSCA, Accademia della, I. 73. CRUSENSTOLPE, Magnus Jakob, Swedish historian, VI. 632; XXII. 758. CRUSIUS, Christian August, German theologian, VI. 632. 686. CTENOPHORA, group of animals, 1. 131; XII. 547, 565; in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 812. CTENOSTOMA, group of Polyzoa, XIX. 437. sopher, VI. 689; his ethical system, VIII. 597; anti-evolutionist, VIII. 759. CUELEN, Ludolph van, German mathematician, XXII. 434. CUENCA, province, Spain, VI. 692; XXII. 298; town, VI. 692. CUENCA, town, Ecuador, VI. 692. CUERNAVACA, town, Mexico, XVI. 214. CUEVA, Juan de la, Spanish dramatist, XXII. 356. CUFA, town, Persia, XVI. 564, 570. CUIABA, or Cuyaba, town, Brazil, vi. 742. CUIJA, lake, San Salvador, XXI. 268. CUILLINS, mountains, Skye, Scotland, XXII. 127. CUIRASS, defensive armour, vi. 692. CUIRASSIERS, cavalry, v. 263. CUISINIER, bird, XVIII. 106. CUMBERLAND, Richard, bishop of Peter- | CURASSOW, bird, VI. 709. borough, VI. 700; ethics of, VIII. 598. Richard, English dramatist, VI. 702; VII. 438. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, U.S.A., CUMBRAES, islands, Scotland, IV. 579. CUMIN, or Cummin, plant, VI. 706. CUJAS, or Cujacius, Jacques de, French CUÑAPIRU, town, Uruguay, XXIV. 15. jurisconsult, VI. 693. CULDEES, order of ecclesiastics, VI. 693; in Scotland, I. 46; XVIII. 667; XXI. 477. CULEBRA ISLAND, West Indies, XXIV. 261. CULEX, poem, attributed to Virgil, XXIV. 251. -, genus of insects, X. 700; XVI. 866. CULIACAN, town, Mexico, XVI. 214. CULINARY APPLIANCES, VI. 332. CULLEN, William, Scottish pathologist, VI. 694; XV. 813. CULLENDER, Rose, Suffolk witch, XXIV. 621. CULLERA, town, Spain, vI. 696. CULLEY, Messrs, their improvements in agriculture, I. 303. CULLODEN, Scotland, Battle of (1746), VI. 696, 705; V. 427; VIII. 355; XXI. 526. CULM, or Anthracite (q.v.), coal, II. 106. CULMBACH, town, Bavaria, XIV. 154. CULNA (Kalna), town, Bardwan district, India, XIII. 829. (Khulna), town, Jessor district, India, XIV. 67. CULPABLE HOMICIDE, crime, XVII. 53. CULPEE (Kalpi), town, India, XIII. 830. CULROSS, village, Scotland, XVIII. 667. CULTIVATOR, Steam, agricultural implement, I. 315. CULTURE, its influence on language, II. 120; XVIII. 769. CULVERT, wide and short drain, Iv. 284. CUMÆ, or Cuma, ancient Greek colony, Italy, vI. 696; coins of, XVII. 637. CUMANA, town, Venezuela, vI. 696. CUMANI, or Comans, Turkish tribes, XXI. 16; XXIII. 660. CUMARA NUT, XVII. 664. CUMBERLAND, county, England, VI. 696; population and representation, XXIII. 727; the ancient Cumbria, XXI. 479; coalfield of, VI. 52; plumbago mines, XIX. 231. CURATE, VI. 709; perpetual, XXIV. 209. CURATOR, in law, XIII. I. CURCAS PURGANS, species of plants, CURCHOD, Suzanne, Madame Necker, 477. CURCUMIN, colouring matter of turmeric, XXIII. 662. CURCUNNO, France, Cromlech at, XXI. 51. CURD, of milk, XVI. 304. CUR DEUS HOMO, Work by Anselm, II. 92. CUNARD, Sir Samuel, founder of line of CUREPIPE, town, Mauritius, xv. 640. CUNCTATOR (Fabius Maximus), Roman CURES, ancient town, Italy, VI. 710. general, VIII. 836; XI. 442. CUNDWAH (Khandwa), town, India, XIV. 57. CUNEIFORM WRITING, VI. 707; I. 604; | CURETON, William, English Orientalist, VI. 710. CURETONIAN GOSPELS, Syriac recension, XXII. 824. CURFEW, bell, VI. 710; III. 538. Roman senate-house, XIX. 815. CURIALIS, Roman official, VI. 710. CURIA REGIS, English court, VI. 517. CURIA ROMANA, papal court, VI. 711; XIX. 497. CUNITZ, Maria, German astronomer, CURIATII, Alban brothers, opponents of VI. 707. the Horatii, XII. 166. CUNNINGHAM, district, Ayrshire, Scot- CURICO, province, Chili, v. 617. William, Scottish theologian and ecclesiastic, VI. 708. CUPAR-FIFE, town, Scotland, VI. 708. CUPELLATION, method of separating metals, II. 725; XIV. 376. CUPEL MOULD, in assaying, II. 726. CUPEL-SILVER, XXII. 70. CUPID, Roman god (the Greek Eros), vi. 708; VIII. 527. CUPOLA, or Dome, in architecture, VII. 347; II. 463. CUPPING, surgical operation, VI. 709. CUPREINE, vegetable alkaloid, XX. 185. CUPRESSUS, genus of trees, VI. 745. CUPRITE, mineral, VI. 347; XVI. 385. CUPROPLUMBITE, mineral, XVI. 391. CUPS, Ancient Greek and Roman, XIX. 180, 614, 618. CURACA, Peruvian chief, XVIII. 678. CURRAGH, plain, with military camp, Kildare, Ireland, VI. 714. CURRAN, John Philpot, Irish orator, vi. 714. CURRANTS, fruit, VI. 715; XI. 88; red, white, and black, XII. 270; culture of, in Zante, XXIV. 767. CURRENCY, or Current Money, its early forms, XVI. 722; depreciation of, IX. 178; in relation to exchange, vIII. 788; bank notes as, III. 320; paper (greenbacks), in U.S.A. (1862), xxIII. 775; Locke's observations on, XIV. 754; Ricardo's, XX. 534. CURRENTS, as distinguished from waves, XXIV. 416; hydraulic theory of, XII. 468; of the ocean, X. 283; in navigation, XVII. 275; of the Atlantic, III. 18; of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus, III. 798; of the Indian Ocean, XII. 821; of the Pacific, XVIII. 117. CURRER BELL (Charlotte Bronte), English novelist, IV. 365. CURRIE, James, Scottish physician and critic, VI. 715. CURRY, condiment, VI. 715. CYBULSKI, Prof., Polish writer, XIX. 305. CURRYING, in leather manufacture, XIV. | CUTICLE, or Epidermis, Anatomy of 386. the, I. 897. CUTLERY, VI. 733; English, XXI. 787; CYCADACEÆ, order of plants, XXIV. 131. Indian, XII. 762. CURSE-OATH, XVII. 698. CURSING, Laws against, III. 807. CURSIVE WRITING, XVIII. 149; XXIII. 682; Latin, XVIII. 154. CUTTACK, district and town, India, v. CURTIS, Mrs, wife of George Washington, CUTTER, boat, XXI. 825. XXIV. 388. CUTTHROAT, bird, XXIV. 463. CURTIUS, Mettus, Roman legendary CUTTINGS, Railway, XX. 232. hero, VI. 716. -, RUFUS, Quintus, biographer of Alexander the Great, VI. 716. CURUBAS, fruit of passion-flower, XVIII. 343. CURVATURE, in geometry, XIII. 26; in conic sections, VI. 283; of spherical surfaces, XV. 659. XXII. CURVE, CURVES, VI. 716; X. 395, 419; CUSCUTA, genus of plants, VII. 320. CUSH, of Scripture, VI. 729; XVII. CUSHAT, ring-dove, VII. 379. CUSP, in architecture, II. 463. of a curve, XXII. 669. Cusso, or Kousso, drug, XIV. 145. CUSTOM, in law, XIV. 362; XIX. 705. HOUSES, VI. 729. CUSTOMS DUTIES, VI. 729. CUTTLE-BONE, for polishing, XXI. CUTTLE-FISH, VI. 735; XVI. 670. CUT-WATER, bird, XXII. 120. CUYABA, town, Brazil, v1. 742. CYCLADES, group of islands, Greece, VI. 744; coins of the, XVII. 644. CYCLOID, Quadrature of the, Pascal's, CYCLOMYARIA, suborder of Tunicata, CYCLONES, areas of low atmospheric American, VIII. 204; XX. 568. Penny, VIII. 204; XIV. 856. Jacob Gerritsz, Dutch painter, VI. CYCLOPES, in Greek mythology, VI. 744; 742. Cuzco, town, Peru, VI. 744; XVIII. 675; CYANECULA, genus of birds, XX. 318. CYANIDE OF HYDROGEN (Prussic Acid), CYCLOPS, Euripides's satyric drama, -, monster, XVI. 764. CYCLOSTOMA, suborder of Polyzoa, XIX. 437. -, genus of snails, XXII. 187. CYCLOSTOMATA, subclass of fishes, XII. 694. CYCLOTURUS, genus of edentate mammals, xv. 386. CYCNUS, of Greek legend, XIX. 559. CYANIDES, Analysis of, XX. 24; metallic, CYDNUS, river, Asia Minor, II. 709; V. v. 554; methyl, XVI. 197. CYANITE, mineral, XVI. 408. CUSTOMS OF THE SEA, book of mari- CYANOGEN, in chemistry, V. 554; XX. CÜSTRIN, town, Prussia, XIV. 162. XIX. 395. CYGNET, young of the swan, XXII. 731. CYANOMETER, Saussure's invention of CYGNUS, genus of birds, XXII. 731. CYANOSIS, facial deformity, XVI. 765. or Lake of, IV. 22; VI. 730. or Catechu, vegetable extract, v. 220; XIV. 382. Goldbeater's, X. 753GUNDAVA, district, Baluchistan, VI. 732. CUTHBERT, St, bishop of Lindisfarne, England, VI. 732; XVII. 570; his labours in Lothian, XV. 10; XXI. 475; his tomb at Durham, VII. 562. CYBELE, in Greek mythology, VI. 744; CYBO, Innocent, Florentine cardinal, xv. CYLINDER, in geometry, X. 417; mensuration of, XVI. 25; Archimedes on, II. 380; Serenus on, XXI. 675. of steam-engine, behaviour of steam in, XXII. 487; strength of, XXII. 606. PRINTING PRESSES, XXIII. 706. CYMBALUM MUNDI, of Bonaventure CYMENE, hydrocarbon found in oils, | CYRANO DE BERGERAC, on travelling XVII. 748. CYMOPHANE, mineral, xvI. 386. CYMRY, branch of the Celtic family, II. 651; IV. 352; V. 300. CYNANCHE PAROTIDEA, disease, XVII. 22. CYNEGETICA, Oppian's poem, XII. 393; XVII. 797. CYNEWULF, Anglo-Saxon writer, VIII. CYNICS, School of Greek philosophy, VI. CYNOGALE, species of carnivorous mam mals, XV. 436. CYNOIDEA, section of Carnivora, XV. 437. CYNOPHONTIS, Greek festival, XIV. 678. CYNTHIIDÆ, family of Tunicata, XXIII. CYNTHIUS (Giovanni Battista Giraldi), CYPERUS PAPYRUS, paper reed, XVIII. CYPERUS-ROOT OIL, XVII. 744. CYPHOPHTHALMIDES, family of Arachnida, II. 279. to the moon, I. 186. CYRIL, St, bishop of Jerusalem, VI. 751; , CZARTORYSKI, Adam George, Polish prince and patriot, VI. 754; XIX. 298. CZASLAU, town, Bohemia, VI. 754; battle of (1742), III. 127. CZECHS, Slavonic people, VI. 754; III. 861; XVI. 811; XIX. 285; XXII. 145, 147, 151; their language and literature, III. 861; XXII. 151; dictionaries of language, VII. 188. CZEGLED, town, Hungary, VI. 754. CZENSTOCHOVA, Old and New, towns, Poland, VI. 754. CZERNA, river, Macedonia, XV. 136. St, early missionary to the Slavs, CZERNOWITZ, town, Austria, vi. 755; XVI. 194. bishop of Turoff, Russian sermonwriter, XXI. 103. of Alexandria, VI. 751; opponent of Nestorius, XVII. 353. of Berytus, Byzantine jurist, VI. LUCARIS, patriarch of Constan- CYROPÆDIA, Xenophon's work, xxiv. CYRRHESTICA, Syria, coins of, XVII. CYRUS, the Elder, founder of the Persian empire, VI. 752; XVIII. 564; his con- the Younger, Persian satrap, VI. CYPRÆA MONETA, cowry-shell mollusc, CYST FORMATIONS, in human body, DACIA, ancient country, Europe, vi. 758; VI. 535. CY-PRÈS, in law, VI. 745. CYPRIAN, bishop of Carthage, VI. 746; XVIII. 365. BOVIS, beef measle, CYSTITIS, disease, XXIV. 188. CYSTOPHORA, genus of seals, XV. 444; bishop of Nisibis, Syriac writer, CYTHERA (Cerigo), island, Greece, v. XXII. 844. DIALECT, of Greek, XI. 133. CYPRINE, mineral, XVI. 410. CYPRIPEDIUM, genus of orchids, XVII. 818. CYPRUS, island, Mediterranean, VI. 747; CYPSELUS, genus of birds, XXII. 760. 346; XIII. 205. CYTHEREA, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 686. CYTISUS, genus of trees, XIV. 179. CZACKI, Tadeusz, Polish statesman and CZAR, title of emperor of Russia, XXI. XXIV. 269; conquest of, by Trajan DACIER, André, French scholar, VI. 759. 759. DA COSTA, Isaak, Dutch poet and theologian, VI. 759. DACTYLOPSILA, genus of marsupial D'ADAM, L'Isle, grand-master of Knights DADDY LONG LEGS, insect, XIII. 150; DADH-ISHO, abbot of Mount Izla, Syriac DADH-ISHO, of Seleucia, Syriac writer, DADO, in architecture, II. 463. reef, Red Sea, XX. 316. XXV. 16 DÆMON, VII. 60; in Greek mythology, | DAINIHONSHI, Japanese history, XIII. XV. 477; of Socrates, XXII. 233. DA GAMA, Vasco, Portuguese navigator, DAGANA, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI. DAGGER, weapon, VI. 760; XXII. 800; ancient, II. 553; of Albacete, Spain, I. 446. 587. DAIR AL-BAHARI, Egypt, Mummy vault DALMATIA, crown land, Austria, vI. 783; wine industry of, XXIV. 610. Duke of (Soult), French general, DAIRY, VI. 768; treatment of milk in, DALMATIAN DOG, VII. 330. BREEDS, of cattle, I. 388. DAKER-HEN, bird, XX. 222. DAGHESTAN, government, Asiatic Russia, DAKAR, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI. 660. archæologist, VI. 760. DAGMAR CROSS, VI. 614. DAGÖ, island, Russia, Baltic Sea, XVII. 695. DAKIKI, Persian poet, IX. 225; XVIII. population, XXIII. 802. 732. DA-KIO (Mekong), river, Asia, xv. 832. DAGOBERT, king of France, IX. 530; DAKOTA, Territory, U.S.A., VI. 773; tomb of, at St Denis, XXI. 161. DAGON, Philistine deity, VI. 761; XVIII. 756. DAGUERRE, Louis Jacques Mandé, French painter and physicist, VI. 761; his contributions to photography, XVIII. 822. DAGUERREOTYPE, 823. VI. 761; XVIII. D'AGUESSEAU, Henri François, chancellor of France, VI. 761. DAHÆ, ancient Iranian nomads, XVIII. 588. DAKSHIN (Deccan, q.v.), India, VII. 18. DAKSHIPUTRA (Panini), Sanskrit gram- DALAI-LAMA, of Tibet, XIV. 230, 502; DALSGAARD, Danish painter, VII. 94. XXIII. 343. DALBEATTIE, town, Scotland, XIV. 98. DAHHAK B. KAIS, governor of Damascus, DALBERGIA, genus of trees, XX. 851. DALTON, John, English physicist, VI. 784; his atomic theory, v. 465; on the specific gravity of air, III. 386. DALTONISM, or Colour Blindness, VI. 784; VIII. 824. DALTON'S LAW, of gases, VI. 785; xvi. 611. DAL-CAIS, dynasty of Irish kings, XIII. DALY, Robert, bishop of Kildare, XIII. D'ALEMBERT, Jean le Rond, French XII. 437. DALGARNO, George, Scottish educational aquarium, II. 217. DAM, reservoir, XXIV. 406. DAMAD ALI, Turkish vizier, XXIII. 646. DAMAN, Syrian hyrax, mammal, XII. Damaraland, district, South Africa, DALHOUSIE, town, New Brunswick, DAMARMENUS, fisherman, in Greek Marquis of, governor-general of DAMAS (Damask, q.v.). cloth, XXIII. 210. XXII. 151. DALIN, Olof von, Swedish poet, VI. 780; DALKEITH, town, Scotland, vi. 780. DALLÆUS (Jean Daillé), French Pro- DALLAS, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxIII. DALLING AND BULWER, Lord, British DAMASCENING, or Damaskeening, in Nicolaus, Greek historian, VI. 790. 653. -, town, Syria, VI. 790; XXII. 822; taken by the Arabs (635), II. 257; XVI. 562; as capital of Demetrius III. of Syria, XVIII. 595; mosque of, XVI. 865. |