improvement works, XX. 579; naviga- | COATBRIDGE, town, Scotland, VI. 81. CLYDESDALE HORSES, I. 385. tion, X. 640. CLYDE, Lord, British general, VI. 43. Annelida, II. 67. COATI, or Coati-mundi, carnivorous CLYMENE AMPHISTOMA, species of COAT OF MAIL, II. 556. CLYTÆMNESTRA, wife of Agamemnon, VI. 44; XVII. 827. COATS, Captain, Arctic explorer, XIX. COB, horse, XII. 190. CNICNODE, CNICTROPE, in geometry, COBALT, chemical element, VI. 81; V. XXII. 669. CNIDUS (Tekir), ancient town, Asia CNOSSUS, town, Crete, VI. 44. 535; cyanide of, XX. 23; magnetization BLUE, pigment, vi. 82; XIX. 87. CNUT, or Canute, Danish and English COBAN, town, Central America, vI. 83. COACH, and coach-making, V. 135, 137. COAHUILA, state, Mexico, XVI. 214. COAL, VI. 45; X. 238; XVI. 429; anthracite, in United States, XXIII. 811; combustion of, and its products, XXII. 180; for gas-making, X. 88; production of, XVI. 467; for steam-boilers, XXII 500, 519; in Australia, III. 109; in Brazil, IV. 224; in China, v. 633, 634, 637, 639; in England and Wales, VIII. 226; in India, XII. 737, 764; industry, in United States, XXIII. 812. See also Coalfields, below. XVII. 419. COBDEN, Richard, English politician, COBHAM, Lord (Sir John Oldcastle), Lollard martyr, XIV. 812; XVII. 753. COALBROOKDALE, Shropshire, England, COBOURG, town, Ontario, Canada, XVII. 775. COBRA, genus of snakes, VI. 90; XII. 743; COBURG, town, Germany, VI. 91; XXI. COCA, or Cuca, plant, VI. 684; xviii. river, South America, vII. 646. Sir George, British admiral, vi. 99. COCKCHAFER, beetle, VI. 131; as vine pest, XXIV. 238; as wheat pest, XXIV. 536. COCKER, Edward, English arithmetician, VI. 99; II. 527. Coal Cutting, Machines for, vi. 67. COAL-DUST FURNACE, IX. 844. COALFIELDS AND COAL-MINES, of Belgium, III. 523; of Bengal, III. 568; British, VI. 49; of British Columbia, VI. 169; in Formosa, China, IX. 416; of Derbyshire, England, VII. 107; of Lancashire, England, XIV. 252; of Northumberland, England, XVII. 566; of Staffordshire, England, XXII. 442; of France, IX. 522; of Germany, X. 453; of India, III. 371; of Ireland, II. 142; XIII. 217; of Labuan, Indian Archipelago, XIV. 178; of New South Wales, XVII. 409; of Prussia, XX. 15; of Queensland, XX. 173; of Russia, XXI. 85; of Fifeshire, Scotland, IX. 150; of Lanark- COCCI, cells in Schizomycetes, XXI. COCLES, Horatius, Roman hero, VI. shire, Scotland, XIV. 250; of Linlithgowshire, Scotland, XIV.669; of Silesia, XXII. 53; of the United States, I. 680; of Colorado, U.S.A., VI. 161; of Kentucky, U.S.A., XIV. 42; of Missouri, U.S.A., XVI. 525; of Pennsylvania, U.S.A., XVIII. 501; of West Virginia, U.S.A., XXIV. 518. COAL-MEASURES, in geology, X. 349. COAL-MINING, vi. 61; xxIII. 811. See also article Mining, XVI. 440. COAL-TAR, XXIII. 57; aniline from, II. 47; as fuel in iron-smelting, XIII. 293; naphtha from, XVII. 174. COANZA, river, Africa, vI. 81; I. 254. COAPIM, kind of grain, XVI. 321. COAST SURVEYS, XVII. 262. COCKERELL, Charles Robert, English COCCEIUS, Joannes, Dutch theologian, COCKSCOMB 402. COCCIDIIDEA, subclass of Protozoa, XIX. COCCINITE, mineral, xvI. 384. 533. COCCULUS INDICUS, adulterant for COCCUS CACTI, cochineal insect, VI. 97. COCCUS LACCA, lac-yielding insect, XIV. COCCUS VERMILIO, kermes-yielding in- COCCUS VITIS, vine pest, XXIV. 238. 100. COCOA, or Cacao, tree and fruit, VI. 100; BUTTER, vegetable fat, XVII. 744. ISLANDS, Indian Ocean, XIV. 26; Cocx, or Coques, Gonzalez, Flemish | COELHO, Estevan, Portuguese poet, painter, VI. 368. COCYTUS, river, Greece, VI. 103. -, legendary river, VI. 103; XXII. 614. COD, fish, VI. 103; XII. 691; organs of touch in the, XXIII. 478; fishery, off Newfoundland, XVII. 384; North Sea fishery, IX. 255. CODE, body of laws, VI. 104. CODEX, writing tablets, XVIII. 143; CENOBIA, monastic communities, I. 10, ancient manuscript, XVIII. 144 · ALEXANDRINUS, MS. of the Scriptures, I. 496: AUREUS, MS. of the Gospels, XXIII. 553. BEZA, MS. of Gospels and the Acts, I. 123; III. 646; in university library, Cambridge, IV. 730. EPHRAEMI, MS. of New Testament, III. 646. JURIS ECCLESIASTICI ANGLICANI, of Bishop Gibson, X. 586. OF JUSTINIAN, XIII. 794; XX. 712. SINAITICUS, MS. of the Scriptures; III. 646; XIV. 533; XXIII. 409. VATICANUS, MS. of New Testament, III. 646. CODICANAL (Kodaikanal), town, India, XV. 192. CODICIL, to a will, XXIV. 571. COD-LIVER OIL, VI. 104; XVII. 744. CODRUS, king of Athens, VI. 107; II. 476. COEFFICIENT, in algebra, I. 519. COEFFICIENTS, Laplace's, XIV. 303. COEHORN, Menno, Baron van, Dutch military engineer, VI. 107; on fortification, IX. 441, 462. CELA, Pass of, Thessaly, Greece, XXIII. 299. CELEBS IN SEARCH OF A WIFE, by Hannah More, XVI. 814. CŒLENTERA, or Cœlenterata, group of animals, VI. 107, 369; I. 129; XII. 547; XVIII. 259; embryology of, XX. 419; histology of, XII. 7; reproduction of, XX. 408; skeletal structures of, XXII. 106; in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 812. II; VI. 109; XVI. 700. COENRED, Northumbrian king, XVII. 570. COENURUS CEREBRALIS, animal para- History of Arts and Sciences, VIII. 197. CŒUR, Jacques, early French trader and economist, VI. 109; V. 411. DE LION, Richard I. of England, XX. 539. COFFEE, VI. 110; adulterations of, I. 169; use of chicory in, v. 615; culti- | vation of, in Arabia, II. 237; in Brazil, IV. 227; in Cuba, VI. 681; in Celebes, v. 289; in Ceylon, v. 369; in India, XII. 750; in Java, XIII. 603; in the Philippines, XVIII. 751; in Sumatra, XXII. 639; in Venezuela, XXIV. 140. 537; observatory at, XVII. 713; university, XXIII. 839, 851. COIN, town, Spain, VI. 117. COINAGE, XVI. 723; XVII. 628; counterfeit, I. 176; of gold and silver, IV. 518; depreciation of, XVI. 726; relations to units of weight, XXIV. 482; British, XVI. 480; French, IX. 525; ancient Lydian, XV. 100; in Tibet, XIV. 498. Decimal, VII. 20. COINING, XVI. 480; Boulton's apparatus for, IV. 173. COINS, XVII. 628; Etruscan, VIII. 641; COIRE, town, Switzerland, VI. 117; COITER, Volcher, on birds, XVIII. 4. COIX LACHRYMA, species of grasses, XIII. 703. COJUTEPEC, town, San Salvador, VI. 118. COKE, fuel, VI. 46, 118; use of, for smoke abatement, XXII. 182. -, Sir Edward, English lawyer, VI. 119; rival of Bacon, III. 202. COKUM BUTTER, vegetable fat, XVII. 744, 746. COLAC, lake, Victoria, Australia, XXIV. COLEUS, Samian navigator, XXI. 249. COLAPTES, genus of birds, XXIV. 652. HOUSES, origination of, VI. 110. IV. 325. COFFIN, IX. 824; of clay, XIX. 605; of wicker work, V. 330. COGGIA'S COMET, II. 815. COGNAC, town, France, VI. 116. COGNI, Konia, or Koniyeh, town, Asiatic Turkey, XII. 696. COGNITION, XX. 40; in relation to logic, XIV. 797; Fichte's theory of, IX. 137; Hume's, XII. 353; Kant on, XIII. 851. COGNIZANCE, or Badge, in heraldry, XI. 709. COLBATH, Jeremiah J. (Henry Wilson), vice-president of United States, XXIV. COLCHICUM, plant, VI. 124. COLCHIS, ancient country, Caucasus, VI. 125; XVI. 437; coins of, XVII. 645. COHELETH, Book of Ecclesiastes, VII. COLD, Death from, XV. 781. 624. COHEN, Francis (Sir Francis Palgrave), English historian, XVIII. 182. COHESION, in capillary action, v. 56. COHN, F., his researches on protoplasm, XIX. 829; on Schizomycetes, XXI. 399. COELESTINUS I., pope, V. 291; XIX. 491. COHOES, town, New York, U.S.A., vI. See Celestine. COELESTINE, mineral, XXII. 607. 116. catarrh, v. 218. BLAST FURNACE, XIII. 317. COLDSTREAM, town, Scotland, vI. 125. COLD-WATER CURE, hydropathy, XII. 542. COLD WAVES, of air, in United States, XXIII. 805. COLE, W., English physician, XV. 811. COELESTIUS, Pelagian teacher, III. 77; COIGNET, Michael, Flemish cartogra- COLEBROOKE, Henry Thomas, English XVIII. 471. CELESYRIA, Roman province, Asia pher, XVII. 253. COIMBATORE, district, India, VI. 116. Minor, XIV. 393; XXII. 822; XXIII.654. | COIMBRA, town, Portugal, VI. 117; XIX. Orientalist, VI. 125; 1. 517. COLEMAN, Edward, English veterinary teacher, XXIV. 199. COLENSO, J. W., bishop of Natal, XVII Sir John Taylor, English lawyer and critic, VI. 135. Samuel Taylor, English poet, VI. 135; as dramatist, VII. 438; as journalist, XVII. 417; his sonnets, XXII. 262; his place in English literature, VIII. 433; his relations with Southey, XXII. 290; with Wordsworth, XXIV. 669. COLLEGIUM CURIOSUM, academy, in | COLNE, town, England, VI. 150. COLLEMBOLA, group of insects, XIII. 153. COLLENCHYMA, tissue in plants, XII. COLLEONI, Bartolomeo, Statue of, at 104. COLLETT, J. Camilla, Norwegian novel- COLLETTA, Pietro, Italian historian, COLLIBERTS, or Cagots, race of people, Sara, English writer, VI. 138; COLLIE, dog, VII. 326. translator, VII. 308. COLEROON, branch from the Kaveri, India, XIV. 19; XXIII. 47. Louise Revoil, French poetess and novelist, VI. 139. COLEUS, stove plant, XII. 266. - Alexander, Flemish sculptor, VI. 141. CLOUT, Skelton's song, XXII. 120. Spenser's poem, XXII. 394. COLLAERT, Hans, Flemish engraver, VI. 141. COLLAR-BONE, Anatomy of the, 1. 826. COLLARD, W. F., pianoforte maker, XIX. 75. COLLAS, Peruvian tribe, xvIII. 676. COLLÉ, Charles, French dramatist, VI. 141. COLLE, Rafaelle del, Italian painter, VI. 142. COLLIER, Arthur, English metaphysi- Jeremy, English divine, VI. 145; COLOBOMA OF THE IRIS, eye disease, COLOBUS, genus of apes, II. 151. COLOMBINI, Giovanni, Italian writer, COLOMBO, town, Ceylon, vI. 157. COLONEL JACK, Defoe's work, VII. 29. COLLING, Messrs, breeders of shorthorn COLONIA, town, Uruguay, XXIV. 15. merce with, VI. 202; their legal relations to aboriginal tribes, XIII. 196; British, in America, their relations to the crown, XXIII. 730, 736; Roman, XX. 745. -, Lord, English admiral, VI. 145. ist, VI. 147. Samuel, English anatomist, I. 813. COLLISION, at sea, XXI. 601. PROCESS, in photography, XVIII. 824. MENSALIA, of Luther, 1. 785. COLLECTARIUM, liturgical service book, COLMAN, George, the Elder, English XXIV. 319. COLONNA, Giacomo, bishop of Lombez, Giovanni Paolo, Italian composer, VI. 157. Otto di (Pope Martin V.), XV. 582. Sciarra, mediæval Roman senator, XX. 798. -, Vittoria, Neapolitan princess and poetess, VI. 157; friend of Michelangelo, XVI. 234. FAMILY, Rome, XX. 796, 804, 806. COLONUS, Roman cultivator, XXII. 135. COLORADO MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., XXIII. 796. COLORADO RIVER, U.S.A., VI. 163; XVII. 367; XVIII. 116; XXIII. 203; cañons of, XXIII. 799. COLOSSÆ, ancient town, Asia Minor, VI. 164. COLOSSEUM, amphitheatre at Rome, I. 774; II. 419; dedication of, XXIII. 420. COLOSSIANS, Epistle to the, vI. 164; its relation to the Epistle to Ephesians, VIII. 463. COLOSSUS, statue at Rhodes, VI. 166; II. 365; XX. 526. COLOT, Laurence, French surgeon, XXII. 676. COLOUR, Sensations of, VIII. 823; ideas of the ancients about, XIV. 577; its application to architecture, II. 454; in crystals, XVI. 372; of metals, XVI. 68; animal mimicry of, XVI. 343; photography of, XVIII. 834; Goethe's investigations on, X. 734; Newton's, XVII. 440; Schopenhauer's, XXI. 450. Acoustic, timbre, 1. 118. BLINDNESS, VIII. 824; XIV. 579; affected by magnetism, XV. 282; Dalton's exposition of, VI. 784. CORRECTION, of object glasses, XXIII. 141. COLOURED RACE, in United States, XXIII. 821. COLOUR PRINTING, XXIII. 708. COLOURS, used by artists, XVIII. 138; XIX. 85; in dyeing, VII. 574; steam, in calico printing, IV. 690; vegetable, XIX. 52. COLSTON, Edward, English merchant, VI. 166. COLUMBITE, mineral, XVI. 427. COLUMBO, Matthieu R., on the vascular system, I. 809; XXIV. 95. COLUMBUS, town, Georgia, U.S.A., vi. 171. 737. town, Ohio, U.S.A., VI. 170; xvII. -, Christopher, discoverer of America, Johan, Swedish poet, XXII. 755- Samuel, Swedish poet, XXII. 755- COLUMN, in architecture, II. 462; Caryatic, II. 407; Corinthian, II. 407; Doric, II. 403; Egyptian, II. 391; Persian, II. 400; Roman, XX. 831; Roman Corinthian, II. 416; Roman Doric, II. 418; Roman Ionic, II. 417. COMBO, British colony, West Africa, x. 59. COMBUSTION-HEAT, of oil, as compared with coal, XVIII. 239. COMÉDIE HUMAINE, Balzac's, III. 304. COMENIUS, or Komensky, Johann Amos, Moravian educationist, VI. 182; VII. 673; XXII. 152. COMET, The, H. Bell's steamboat, III. 542. COMETS, VI. 182; II. 813; in relation to meteors, XVI. 110; excluded from nebular theory, XVII. 310; spectra of, XXII. 651; Kepler's observations on, XIV. 47; Leverrier's, XIV. 486; Olbers's, XVII. 752. COMFITS, confections, VI. 257. COMFREY, Prickly, forage plant, I. 378. COMICAL REVENGE, Etheridge's comedy, COMIC OPERA, XVII. 99. strength of, XXII. 606. Philippe de, French historian, VI. 194; IX. 648. COLYMBIDÆ, family of birds, VII. 292; COMING RACE, The, Lytton's tale, xv. XV. 2. COLZA, plant, I. 383; VI. 176. OIL, VI. 176; XVII. 744; XX. 273. COMACCHIO, town, Italy, vi. 177; eel beds of, VII. 693; lagoons of, XIX. 251. COMAN, Turkish tribe, XXIII. 660. COLSTON'S HOSPITAL, Bristol, England, COMANA, ancient town, Pontus, Asia v. 446. COLT, Samuel, inventor of the revolver, VI. 166. COLTA, lake, Ecuador, VII. 646. COLUBER, genus of snakes, XXII. 194. COLUCCIO SALUTATI, Italian scholar, XX. 802. COLUMBA, Celtic saint, VI. 167; XIII. 204, 249; his mission in Scotland, XXI. 474; monastic rule of, XVI. 706. COLUMBÆ, group of birds, VII. 379; XVIII. 46. COLUMBANUS, Irish monk, VI. 167; monastic rule of, XVI. 707. COLUMBELLA (Dyveke), mistress of Christian II. of Denmark, VII. 587. COLUMBIA, town, South Carolina, U.S.A., VI. 168; XXII. 288. British, North America, VI. 169. District of, U.S.A., VI. 168; xxiv. 382; population, XXIII. 802. 2 COLLEGE, New York, U.S.A., XVII. 456, 461; XXIII. 857. RIVER, U.S.A., xvII. 822; XVIII. 116; XXIII. 798; XXIV. 386. COLUMBINE, of the pantomime, XVIII. 216. Minor, VI. 177; XIX. 459. (Chryse), ancient town, Cappadocia, Asia Minor, VI. 177; temple of Bellona at, V. 75. COMANCHES, North-American Indians, COMITIA TRIBUTA, of ancient Rome, vi. COMAYAGUA, town, Honduras, XII. 131; COMITIUM, at Rome, XX. 816. COMB, VI. 177; manufacture of, at Aberdeen, I. 42. of bees, III. 489. COMITLAN, town, Mexico, VI. 194. COMMAGENE, Syria, Coins of, XVII. 649. COMMAND, distinguished from law, XIV. 355. COMBACONUM, town, India, VI. 178; COMMANDER, Naval, duties of, XVII. COMBAT, Judicial, VII. 511; XVII. 820. COMBATIVENESS, in phrenology, XVIII. 844. 292. COMBE, Abram, disciple of Robert COMMEDIA DELL' ARTE, improvised 179. Andrew, Scottish physiologist, VI. -, George, Scottish physiologist, VI. 179; XVIII. 844. William, English writer, VI. 180. COMBERMERE, Viscount, English general, VI. 181. COMBINATIONS, among workmen, vi. 181; XXIII. 499. comedy, in Italy, VII. 418. COMMEMORATION OF SAINTS, XXI. 155. COMMERCE, VI. 196; beginnings of, VIII. 617; economic extension of, XIX. 354; European, VIII. 706; commercial societies, XXII. 227. COMMERCIAL AGENTS, in the United | COMNENUS, John II., Byzantine em peror, XIII. 713. Manuel I., Byzantine emperor, XV. 505. COMO, town, Italy, VI. 219. Lake of, Italy, VI. 220; XIV. 217. COMONFORT, Ignacio, Mexican soldier and politician, VI. 220. COMPRESS, Hydropathic, XII. 544COMPRESSED AIR, Force of, VIII. 209. COMPRESSED FUEL, IX. 808. COMPRESSIBILITY, of materials, VII. 815; XXII. 595, 601. COMPRESSION, in steam-engine, XXII. 486, 487; in air and gas engines, XXII. 523. COMORES, or Comoro Islands, East COMPSA, Samnite town, Italy, XXI. 249. COMORN, or Komorn, town, Hungary, XIV. 138. COMORO ISLANDS, East Africa, VI. 220. COMPAGNACCI, Florentine faction, XXI. 337. COMPAGNI, Dino, Italian writer, XIII. 505. COMPAGNIA DELLA MORTE, in Naples, XX. 847. LIFE, or Common Lot, Brethren of the, mediæval religious society, VII. 672; IX. 725; XVII. 134. PLEAS, Court of, England, VI. 208; COMPANIES, Registration of, XX. 344. Records of, XX. 312. Livery, of London, VI. 223; XIV. House of, XVIII. 304, 307, 311. COMMON SENSE, Hamilton's theory of, XI. 418; Reid's philosophy of, XX. 350. COMMONWEALTH, The English, under Cromwell, vi. 602; VIII. 348; parliament in time of, XVIII. 307. COMMUNE, administrative division, in France, VI. 211; IX. 509; XVII. 28; in Italy, XIII. 464, 471; Polish, XIX. 311; Roman, XX. 783; Russian, XXI. 83. OF PARIS (1792), IX. 603; (1872), IX. 627. COMMUNION, or Holy Communion, VIII. 651; XXI. 131, 139; order for administration of, XIV. 706; given to the dying (Viaticum), XXIV. 208; Luther's doctrine of, xv. 81; St Paul's, XVIII. 428; Zwingli's, XXIV. 833. OFFICE, Roman, XVI. 509; Anglican, VIII. 379. See also article Liturgy. COMMUNISM, VI. 211; XXII. 207; applied to land, XIV. 265; exemplified in Oneida Community, U.S.A., XVII. 773; Fourier's system, IX. 489; Owen's promotion of, XVIII. 87. COMMUTATION TABLES, II. 81. COMMUTATOR, Electric, XIV. 630. COMNENA, Anna, princess and authoress, II. 59. 819. COMPANY, corporate association, VI. 221, 434; XVIII. 330. 225; OF JESUS, XIII. 645. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, VI. XXIV. 800; advance of, 1. 813; investigators in, I. 818. COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR, 229. -, Spencer, earl of Northampton, XVII. 558. COMPURGATION, ancient mode of trial, XIII. 785. COMPUTATION, Arithmetical, II. 526. COMSTOCK MINES, Nevada, U.S.A., XVI. 441, 470; XVII. 368; XXIII. 815. COMTE, Auguste, French philosopher, VI. 229; IX. 674; his ethical system, VIII. 609; on evolution, VIII. 763; his metaphysic, XVI. 101; on philosophy, XVIII. 794; on sociology and political economy, XIX. 390; the Three Ages of his scheme, I. 279; Littré's relations to, XIV. 706. COMUM (Como), ancient town, Italy, vi. 220. XI. 38; COMUS, in Greek mythology, VI. 238. Bopp's work on, IV. 49. COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY, of Aryan languages, XVIII. 781. COMPASS, Azimuth, XVI. 160. -, Mariner's, VI. 225; XV. 219, 518; discovery of, X. 179; as known to early navigators, XVII. 250; deviation or variation of, X. 187; XV. 250; XVI. 163; XVII. 274. Surveying, XXII. 718. COMPASSES, mathematical instrument, XXII. 721. French conjurer, XV. 210. COMYN, John, the Red, slain by Bruce, XX. 593; XXI. 488. CON, George, papal agent in England, XI. 655. CONATION, Psychology of, XX. 40, 42, 72. CONCA, Sebastiano, Italian painter, VI. 238. CONCAN, district, India, VI. 238. CONCEALMENT OF BIRTH, in law, XIII. 4. COMPENSATION BALANCE, for watches, CONCENTRATIVENESS, in phrenology, XXIV. 395. XVIII. 844. COMPETITION VALUES, in economics, CONCEPCION, town, Chili, VI. 239; pro- COMPLEAT ANGLER, Walton's work, CONCHIFERA, class of Mollusca, XVI. COMPLEX, system of lines, in geometry, CONCILIUM PLEBIS, of Rome, xx. 678. |