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ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT:
A Biographical Monument.
BY PROFESSOR KLENCKE.
Translated from the German
BY JULIETTE BAUER.
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS.
329 & 331 PEARL STREET,
FRANKLIN SQUARE.
CONTENTS.
LIFE OF ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT.
CHAPTER I.
Ancestry-Birth-Youth-First Education-University. . .
CHAPTER II.
Practical Apprenticeship-Circumstances-Early Works-Plans
of Travel, and Hindrances
CHAPTER III.
The Open Sea-The First Step on a Foreign Soil-Teneriffe-
Cumana-Earthquakes-Departure...
CHAPTER IV.
Caracas-Ascension of the Silla Mountain-Excursions into the
Plains to San Fernando de Apure-The Cow Tree-Sail on the
Orinocco-Rio Negro-Return on the Cassiquiare into the Ori-
nocco- -Angostura..
PAGE
13
27
45
62
CHAPTER V.
Journey to Havana-Change of Plans in Consequence of a false
Newspaper Report concerning Baudin's Expedition-Cartha-
gena-Sail on the Magdalen Stream-Laborious Journey to
Quito-Chimborazo-The River Amazon-Humboldt's Current
(Peruvian Coast Current)—Mexico-Return to Europe .
CHAPTER VI.
Return and New Activity at Home-Ascent of Mount Vesuvius
in 1805-Berlin-Views of Nature-The Great Literary Work
on his Travels in America-Declining of a Prussian Official
Post-New Plans-Destruction of Caracas-Bonpland's Fate
-Humboldt's Studies in Paris.
77
89
CHAPTER VII.
Journey to Italy with the King of Prussia-Ascent of Mount
A*
Vesuvius-Visit to Berlin and Tegel-Removal from Paris to
Berlin-Humboldt's Public Lectures in Berlin-First Sketch of
"Kosmos"-Offer of the Emperor Nicholas-The Society of
Naturalists in Berlin-Family Afflictions-Appointment to
the Cabinet-Departure .
CHAPTER VIII.
Journey to Russia witn G. Rose and Ehrenberg, in 1829-Kasan
and the Ruins of Bulgaria-Explorings in the Vicinity of Je-
katharinenburg-The fearful Borabinski Steppes-Arrival in
the Centre of Asia-Way to the Southern Ural Districts-
From Orenberg to Astrachan-Researches and Journey on the
Caspian Sea-Return-Results of the Asiatic Journey...
CHAPTER IX.
Alternate Residence in Berlin and Paris-Diplomatic Embassy
-Death of William von Humboldt-Literary Activity-Hum-
boldt's Relation to King Frederic William IV.-Distinctions
-Retrospect
108
120
137
CHAPTER X.
Kosmos, as the Epitome of Humboldt's Scientific Life
CHAPTER XI.
151
........
The Sense for the Enjoyment of Nature in Opposition to Object-
ive Observation-Nature as a Means of Improvement for the
Mind and Heart-History of a Physical View of the World... 186
CHAPTER XII.
Gleanings of Humboldt's Life-Illustrations of Travel and of
Nature-Ascent of the Peak of Teneriffe--The Llanos-Ascent
of the Silla of Caracas-The Combat with Electric Eels-
Tropic Storms-Voyage on the Apure-Scenes from the Ori-
nocco Voyage-Ascent of the Chimborazo-Vegetable Life—
Tropical Sketch-The Sea-Earthquakes-Aurora Borealis . . 196
LIFE OF WILLIAM VON HUMBOLDT.
CHAPTER 1.
Birth-Education-Friendships-Studies at the University of
Göttingen-Travels in Germany and Switzerland.
235
Residence in Erfurt and Weimar-Caroline von Dacheröden-Ac-
quaintance with Schiller-First Publications-Marriage..... 251
Birth of his First Child-Works Published by Humboldt, 1791
to 1794-Removal to Jena-Acquaintance with Goethe-Con-
tributions to Der Horen-Residence in Tegel..
260
Death of his Mother-Visit to Paris
State of Prussia in 1797-Second Visit to Paris-Journey to
Spain-Appointed Prussian Minister at Rome
281
286
Residence in Italy-Elegy on Rome-Death of his Eldest Son-
State of the Papacy-Humboldt's Patronage of Artists-De-
parture from Rome
298
Position of Prussia in 1806-Appointment of Humboldt as Min-
ister of Public Instruction-His Reforms in Popular Education
-System of Pestalozzi-Appointed to Organize the University
of Berlin-Arrangements made by him-His Resignation-Ap-
pointed Embassador to Vienna
Residence in Vienna-Political Affairs of the Time-Congress of Vienna-Part taken in it by Humboldt-Fights a Duel- Honors conferred on him-State of Affairs in Prussia-Ap-
320