Historical Notices of the Popular Superstitions, Traditions, and Customs of Tiviotdale. No. III. www.128 Living Authors. A Dream.....133 Establishment of a General Board of Health for Ireland ................................141 Second Letter from the Author of Essays on Phrenology ...............................143 On the English Dramatic Writers who Poetry LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC University of Edinburgh-New Metal -Diamond-Steam Brig-Carriage with Sails--Scientific VoyageFrench Clergy-Sour-Krout, &c. &c. &c. 161 Works Preparing for Publication.164 Foreign Intelligence 174 preceded Shakespeare. No. VIII.148 | Births, Marriages, and Deaths.....188 EDINBURGH: FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND COMPANY. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We hope no accident has befallen the BYSTANDER. If he does not pay us a visit next month, we shall be under a serious alarm. Perhaps he is only " in love, or in the gout." Either of these maladies may afford him an amusing subject for a paper, when the fit is over. The Critique on the Drama of the Legend of Montrose is too sublimely composed for our humble pages. The Correspondents of the EDINBURGH MAGAZINE AND LITERARY MISCELLANY are respectfully requested to transmit their Communications for the Editor to ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE and COMPANY, Edinburgh, or LONGMAN and COMPANY, London; to whom also orders for the Work should be particularly addressed. ·Printed by George Ramsay & Co. THE EDINBURGH MAGAZINE, AND LITERARY MISCELLANY. AUGUST 1820. LIFE OF THE WIZARD Michael Scott. (Concluded from p. 499, Vol. VI.) Lay of the Last Minstrel. Canto II. WE left the Wizard engaged in translating Aristotle at the court of Frederic the Second. A particular account of all the treatises of this philosopher, which he presented in a Latin dress to his patron the Emperor, would be unnecessarily dry and fatiguing. He who is curious in tracing the early history of the peripatetic philosophy, will find his translations enumerated by Dempster, Tanner, and Pitseus. * His original works are more worthy of notice, although it must be allowed that they give a strange and rather revolting picture • The list of his works given by Mackenzie in his Lives, Vol. I. p. 214, is very imperfect, nor is Niceron, Vol. XV. p. 101, to be relied on. Roger Bacon, in his Opus Majus, p. 36, 37, seems to ascribe a great portion of Aristotle's fame amongst the philosophers of his day to the translation of his works by Michael Scott. of the fantastic and puerile philosophy of the thirteenth century. At the particular request of Frederic, Michael, during his residence at his court, composed his treatise on physiognomy, entitled Phisionomia et de Hominis Procreatione. He has divided this singular and absurd dissertation into three parts. In the first he treats De Generatione Hominis, founding his doctrines regarding this mysterious subject upon the principles of Aristotle and Galen. In the second part are enumerated the various signs which enable us to form a judgment of the different dispositions of men and women; and in the third division of the work, he has laid down certain rules by which we may discern, from an examination of the various parts of the body, the particular mental qualities and ruling inclinations of the individual. This treatise of the magician's is not only absurd in its principles, but indecent to a high degree in its descriptions and illustrations. It commences with a laboured and dignified proemium to Frederic, of which it is one remarkable feature, that he addresses this representative of the Cæsars more in the familiar style of a sage who instructs a disciple, than of an author who lays his work at the feet of an another part of this dedication, he had emperor. If we are to give credit to not only managed to insinuate himself into the confidence of this warlike prince, but it was by his particular advice that the emperor encouraged the resort of so many ingenious philosophers and learned doctors to his court, and that he was wont laying aside the pomp and terror of a conqueror, to engage with them in friendly argument and familiar discourse. Hence," says he," it is by my advice and counsel that learned men, and grave and ingenious doctors, are found around thee at thy court, and that thou art often induced to enter into discourse with them, engaging them in conversation with wisdom and urbanity." 1 According to Michael's definition, physiognomy is a science of a very high character, embracing within its range some of the noblest subjects on which the human intellect can be employed. "It is the doctrine of safe ty, the election of good, the avoidance of evil. It is the comprehension of virtue, the detestation and prætermission of vice. The knowledge of this science is induced and created by the 3true love of God, and the fear of the devil-by the meritorious principle of faith, and the hope of the imperishable reward of eternal life." + When we compare this high wrought "definition with the shallow and trifling opinions, and the indecent ribaldry which, under the name of philosophy, compose the greatest part of the work, it is difficult to say whether we should be most surprised at the folly of the author who could write, or of the public which could greedily swallow, no 'less than thirteen editions of so disgusting a production. Another work which has been ascribed to Michael Scott, although it is not to be found in the pages of Dempster, or the catalogue of Tanner, is the "Mensa Philosophica," a translation of which was published in England in the year 1609, entitled, "The Philosopher's Banquet, furnished with a few Dishes for Health, but large Discourse for Pleasure." This is a very whimsical performance, and if we look to a passage at the commencement of the thirtieth chapter, a strong presumption arises, that it was. not written by our Scottish philosopher. This supposition will be strengthened by a reference to the very ludicrous subjects of several of his chapters, and the culinary remarks which are thrown in to garnish and enrich the style. “The use of this Phisionomia, p. 1, edit. 1477. +Ibid. p. 2. booke," says the English translator, "is to make a man able to judge of the disposition and state of his own body; of the effects, natures, and dispositions of those things wherewith we daily feed our bodies. The next. is to give us a general insight and brief notice of histories, and men of greatest fame and note; and the next is, that here we may recreate and make merry ourselves at our tables."; He adds, that it is a work of " spe cial notice in this kind, and written first in Latin by Michal Scotus." From this sketch of the contents and nature of the Philosopher's Banquet, we may believe that the discussions it contains are somewhat heterogeneous and dissimilar. It treats of Ram's Flesh in one chapter, and of the Bishops of the Gentiles in another-of Pot Herbs, and Wicked Women. It investigates the actions of kings and emperors, and explains the causes why some eggs crack in the fire, and others do not. It treats of the nature and properties of friendship, and endeavours to determine whether fishes chew their meat or no. Last of ally it contains certain honest and merry jests, "to exhilarate our bodies and minds at our tables, which are to be served in, like carawayes, at the end of our feast." This could scarcely be written by Michael Scott-we must believe it to have been the work of some philosophic cook, or some very cookish philosopher, although it must be allowed that the frequent quota tions from the volumes of Arabiam physicians and sages, from Rases, A verroes, and Avicenna, give some countenance to the supposition of its having been the performance of the Wizard. In addition to these, Gesner informs us that he composed, for the recreation of the Emperor, a Treatise on the Sphere of Sacrobosco,—a work entitled Astronomical Diagrams,book on the Opinions of Astrologers, -a dissertation on Chiromancy, and another book on the Signs of the Pla nets. -a The dissertation on the Sphere, written by John de Sacrobosco, a mathematical doctor of the thirteenth century, who has been highly praised by Regiomontanus and Melancthon, was one of the most popular works of Gesner, Biblioth. p. 607. this age. Frederic, however, whose time was now occupied by schemes of ambition, and his exchequer drained by continual and expensive wars, could probably afford to give little else than empty praise to his philosophic instructor; and although Michael, in the spirit of the age, had become an experienced alchymist, this delusive science must rather have impoverished than enriched him. It is likely that these reasons induced him to bid farewell to the court of the emperor, and to devote himself seriously to the study of medicine as a profession. In this art he soon arrived at the greatest reputation, and possessed, if we may believe an able, though anonymous, author, the most miraculous skill. ‡ "Dira illa (says he) lepram podagram, hydropsin, aliaque insanabilia corporis contagia arte sua mirifice, et nullo ut videatur negotio sustulit.' Michael, as a last service to the emperor, predicted to him the place in which he was fated to finish his royal career, asserting that his death * See Tanner, Biblioth. p. 370; Bruck er, Vol. III. p. 868. 231. Panzeri, Annales Typog. Vol. I. p. MS. Anonymi de claris Doctrina Scotis. In Sir R. Sibbald MS. Hist. Literaria Gentis Scotorum, preserved in the Advocates' Library. would happen at a certain castle named Fiorenzola. The prophecy, according to Granger, in his Commentary on Dante, in due time was strictly fulfilled. Frederic, as he was praying in the chapel of the castle of Fiorenzola, at the time when the bell was ringing, was struck on the head by a stone which had been loosened by the rope; the wound proved mortal; and his death, of course, imparted additional lustre to the supernatural endowments of his late astrologer. After a residence of many years in Germany, Michael passed over into England, on his return to his native country. Edward I. then filled the throne, and was employed at this period in those able and treacherous schemes for the subjugation of Scotland, in which he spared neither blood nor money, and regarded neither truth nor honour, provided he, accomplished his purpose. It was one part of his policy to endeavour to lower and brutalize the character of the, Scottish people, by compelling all the learned scholars of the nation to reside at the universities of England. "This year," (1302,) says Antony Wood, "the King compelled all such Scotchmen as were of singular knowledge in learning or literature to be resident in Oxford, doubting lest the Scotch nobility, increasing in politic prudence by their instructions, should seek to throw off the yoke of bondage." + The celebrated John Duns Scotus was one of those scholars who suffered under this persecution. Along with eleven other ecclesiastical prisoners, he was led chained and a captive into England. Michael Scott's destiny was * Naude Apologie, p. 497. toforo Landini, in his Commentary on Dante, published at Florence in 1482, tells the story somewhat differently. Michael, according to him, told Frederic that he would die at Florence; but the similarity of the name, says he, deceived the wizard, for the emperor died at Fiorenzola, a stone from the belfry falling upon his head when he was praying, "which, when he had taken up and weighed, he found it was of the exact weight which had been foretold, and knew that he would die, which happened accordingly." It ought not to be concealed, that Chris Hist. Oxf. Vol. I. p. 366. Vita Joan. Dunsii, a Mathco Veglense, a very rare book, published at Padua in 1671. |