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NATURAL HISTORY.

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VOL. VII.

NOVELS.

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EDINBURGH.

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EUROPE.

FRANCE. On the 1st November, the trial of Gravier and Bouton, charged with exploding a petard under the windows of the apartments of the Duchess of Berri, was concluded at Paris. The AdvocateGeneral maintained that the act was not a mere wanton act, as contended for on the part of the prisoners, but intended for the premature destruction of the infant to whom her Royal Highness has since given birth. They were found guilty, and sentenced to death.

AUSTRIA. The Austrian Emperor has at length avowed his motives in filling Italy with his soldiers. In an official note, addressed to his brother Allies, he declares his determination immediately to restore the ancient order of things in Naples. To

suffer the revolutionists at Naples, he says, is incompatible with the dignity of his crown; and he feels himself bound to protect the Head of the Christian Church from revolutionary demagogues. "The Aus

trian troops," says a private account, 66 continue to pour into Italy from every quarter; several parks of heavy artillery have quitted the arsenal of Vienna for that country. The Landwehr is ordered to be immediately called out. It was supposed, by the middle of November, that the imperial forces in Italy will amount to upwards of 200,000 strong."

NAPLES. According to advice from Naples, the Parliament of that kingdom assembled on the 23d September, and was the same day addressed by the Minister of the Interior in a speech declaratory of the pa

triotic intentions of the King and the Prince; to which a suitable reply was made, in the name of the Representatives of the nation, by Chevalier Galdi. The Parliament having verified the powers of the Deputies, and appointed various standing committees, held an extraordinary Session on the 1st October in a sacred edifice. The King and the Prince Royal were present; and his Majesty, after renewing his oath, caused a speech, addressed to the Deputies, to be read, in which he declared his wish that the Prince should continue to hold the reins of Government. His Majesty and the Prince, on their way to and from the Parliament, and in the midst of that body, were hailed with heartfelt acclamations.

SICILY.-The affairs of this country are still in a disturbed state. The Neapolitan General Pepe entered Palermo on the 7th October, after a sanguinary conflict; and to spare the farther effusion of blood, entered into a treaty with the Palermitans. By the last accounts from Naples, however, it appears that this treaty has been declared void by the government there, who are determined to bring the Sicilians to an unconditional submission. General Pepe has been in consequence recalled, and General, Coletta appointed in his place, who on the 18th October was about to sail for Sicily with a body of 4000 Calabrese troops.

SPAIN. The King of Spain has given his assent to the bill passed by the Cortes for the suppression of monastic orders.

PORTUGAL. On the Ist October the provisional government of Oporto arrived at Lisbon, accompanied with a numerous military escort, and was instantly united to that appointed at Lisbon. There was nothing to be heard but acclamations-nothing to be seen but illuminations and other demonstrations of joy. On the 5th, 10,000 more troops arrived at Lisbon, from the Northern Provinces. The whole force then at Lisbon was about 18,000 men, all ardent in the cause. On the 10th, Marshal Lord Beresford arrived off Lisbon in the Vengeur British frigate from the Brazils, bearing a commission from the King as Marshal-General, and Commander-in-Chief of his armies. He was not, however, allowed to land; and therefore came to England in the packet. Lord Beresford was informed, that if he came ashore the government would not be answerable for his safety; he replied that he would run

the risk. He was then peremptorily forbidden to disembark.

POLAND. The Emperor of Russia closed the Diet of Poland at Warsaw, on the 13th October, with a speech, in which his Majesty evinces a feeling of displeasure at the general conduct of the members during their session. "Examine your consciences," says the Emperor, "and you will know if, in the course of your discussions, you have rendered to Poland the services which she had expected from your wisdom; or if, on the contrary, misled by the seductions too common in our days, and sacrificing a hope which might have realized an expectant confidence, you have not retarded in its progress the work of the restoration of your country!" The Emperor thinks that a heavy responsibility lies upon them; on this account he will not judge of their motives, for rejecting the projects of law laid before them, but thinks the members may lessen the unfavourable impression, by diffusing in their places of abode a spirit of peace and tranquillity; and his Majesty declares himself always desirous of seeing the constitution given to Poland confirmed by moderation and justified by the happiness of the people. The army assembled in and about Warsaw, during his Majesty's stay, was 30,000 men.

AMERICA.

It appears from Jamaica papers of the 3d October, that the negotiations between the contending parties on the Spanish Main had been broken off, and both were preparing for war as soon as the season would allow. The insurgents, it is said, rejected all offers for re-union and peace, being determined to be independent. Their troops were preparing to attack Santa Martha, finding Carthagena, which had been well supplied with provisions, too strong.

Extensive Fire in Nova Scotia.-By the Charlotte, from St John's, we learn the particulars of an extensive fire, which spread its ravages for nearly 100 miles in extent, over the most fertile proportion of the north and western parts of Nova Scotia, from the neighbourhood of Yarmouth to the county of Annapolis. The fire continued burning for three days, and such was its intensity, that fields of grain, stock of all kinds, whole villages and settlements, fell a sacrifice to the devouring element, and not a vestige of vegetation or herbage remains. Several lives also are lost.

HOUSE OF LORDS.-TRIAL OF THE QUEEN.-Oct. 10.-Lieutenant Flynn underwent a long cross-examination, in the

course of which he got much confused, and gave contradictory evidence regarding a log-book he had kept on board the polacca,

which he first said was written in Italian, and then that it was written partly in Italian and partly in English-first that it was written by one person, and afterwards that it was wrote by another. At one time Lieutenant Flynn fainted away, and it was some time before he recovered. He did not know where Bergami slept on the voyage from Jaffa to Syracuse.

W. Carrington was called back and reexamined as to his service in the navy, and several other particulars, which he appears to have answered in a satisfactory manner. Lieutenant Hownam, who was along with her Majesty in the Mediterranean, never saw any improper conduct between her and Bergami. Had heard, (and believed it to be true,) that they both slept in the tent above deck on the voyage homeward for several weeks; but it never occurred to him to think this improper, as he conceived it necessary for her Majesty's safety that she should have a male attendant. They reposed in separate beds with their clothes on. The Queen on her re turn was received at all the courts she visited, except that of Vienna.

Oct. 12--Granville Sharp, Esq. was examined regarding the Moorish dance of Mahomet. Had seen a similar dance frequently in India. It was full of antic and buffoonery, but not indecent. Had seen it when witnesssed by the Marquis and Marchioness of Hastings, and other people of distinction, male and female.

Santino Guggiare and Guiseppe Garolini disproved a story sworn to by the witness for the prosecution, Galdini, regarding the statues of Adam and Eve, in a grotto at the Villa d'Este. The improvements made on the rooms there were completed, and the statues removed before the Princess arrived.

Oct. 13.-Guiseppe Garolini, the last witness examined on the 12th, gave evidence regarding an offer made to him by Rastelli, one of the witnesses for the prosecution, to get a bill of 45,000 francs which the Princess owed him paid, if he would swear any thing against her; and of Rastelli going about in search of people to give evidence against the Princess. The Counsel for the Queen wished Rastelli to be again called in, when it was found that he had left the country, by directions of Mr Powell, the agent for the prosecution. This circumstance excited a great sensation, and several Peers expressed an opinion that it was fatal to the whole proceedings.

Oct. 14.-Mr Powell, by whom Rastelli had been dispatched abroad, was examined on this subject, and stated that he had sent him away for the purpose of quieting the agitation of the friends of the other witnes. ses, who were alarmed for their safety, in consequence of the attack that had been

made on them at Dover. Being asked as to any communications which passed between him and Colonel Brown on the subject, he refused to disclose them, on the ground of his being the agent of the prosecution, and the House agreed to sustain this excuse. Mr Brougham then urged, with much earnestness, that he should be informed who was the principal in this prosecution, in which he was supported by several Lords. It was replied, that the Bill of Pains and Penalties was introduced into the House, under the responsibility of Ministers, in the same manner as any other measure of state, and that they were no way disposed to shrink from their responsibility. Her Majesty's Counsel then informed the House that they would proceed for a little in the same line of examination they were pursuing the day before. Philippo Pomi was accordingly called to the bar, who concurred with the former witness as to the means employed by Rastelli to procure evidence against the Queen.

Oct. 16.-Sir John Beresford was examined regarding the character and services of W. Carrington, of which he spoke highly. Carrington had never, he said, served as a midshipman, but he believed he was rated as such in order to facilitate his discharge.

Bomfilio Pomarti, clerk to Cadazzi, an advocate employed by the Queen at Milan, was examined relative to an attempt of Vilmacarti, an advocate in the employ of the Milan Commission, to obtain from him, by bribery, some papers belonging to her Majesty. This was objected to by the Attorney-General; and the remainder of this day, with the whole of the 17th, was occupied in discussing the propriety of allowing that question to be put. It was final. ly agreed, after referring the matter to the Judges, and receiving from them rather an unfavourable answer, that this course of examination should be allowed; and on Wednesday the 18th, the witness was in consequence examined as to the inducements offered him by Vilmacarti to give up her Majesty's papers. He was asked if he was not a villain to betray his master; and answered that he had repented of his conduct; and that they were much worse than him who had seduced him from his duty.

Antonio Meoni stated, that one Zanglai, a manager of a theatre at Milan, had endeavoured to bribe him to give false evidence against the Queen; and that he had been going about suborning witnesses against her.

Oct. 19.-Their Lordships were occupied the greater part of this day in discussing whether the acts of Zanglai should be allowed to be given in evidence or not? and, after a long discussion, the House decided that the fact of Zanglai being agent of the Milan Commission, was not so far es

tablished as to make his acts evidence. Another witness, named Salvadore, was then called, and Mr Denman was proceeding to examine him as to certain declarations of Sacchi, which, if established, the Learned Counsel contended, would operate as a contradiction to his testimony, and show him an active agent in collecting evidence against her Majesty, and even holding out inducements to individuals to come forward as witnesses on this occasion. The Attorney-General took a legal objection to this mode of examination; and a question on the subject was referred to the Judges, who declared their opinion, that, before a witness could be examined to the declarations of a former witness, that witness must be called back, and interrogated as to those declarations. Sacchi was accordingly called back; but not being in attendance, the House adjourned.

Oct. 20.-Mr Brougham this day declined examining Sacchi, and stated that he had now closed that part of her Majesty's defence which related to mal-practices against her. The Marquis of Lansdowne then moved for the production of such parts of the correspondence between Mr Powell and Colonel Brown as related to the subject of the witness Rastelli's being allowed to leave this country. A long debate ensued, in which it was strongly argued on one side, and as forcibly denied on the other, that there was any proof of conspiracy to suborn witnesses. After a very protracted discussion, it was at length carried by a division, 122 to 70, that Mr Powell should produce such extracts from his correspondence with Colonel Brown as related to Rastelli's mission to Milan; and upon the motion of Lord Liverpool, these extracts were ordered to be laid before a Secret Committee, to verify the authenticity of the same. Mr Brougham requested permission to examine Mr Powell further at the bar, but this was negatived without any division. He then called a witness, Alexander Oliviera, who had been for a time Chamberlain to the Queen, along with Bergami. His examination went to show that he had never seen any thing improper between these personages, and to disprove the evidence of Sacchi, as to the Queen's behaviour to Bergami in the carriage.

Oct. 21. Tomaso Lago Maggiore, a fisherman, swore that he never saw the Queen kiss Bergami in a boat, as had been stated in evidence against her.

The Chevalier Carlo Vassali acted as her Majesty's private secretary on her German journey; has seen the Queen and Bergami walking together very frequently, and has seen them alone, but when he himself was at a little distance; at Munich her Majesty dined, with her suite, with the King at Bavaria; Bergami dined at

the table with the King, who treated him with the greatest respect, and gave him a gold snuff-box, surrounded with brilliants, and the King's name; never saw any thing indecent at the balls at the Barona; at Carlsruhe the Queen dined with the Grand Duke; the third evening they went to the Theatre, and supped with the Grand Duke; they then went to Baden; they spent the evening at a musical society. This witness also proved that the Queen was but one day and a half at Trieste, which negatived the testimony of the waiter Chiousi. He explained the scene at Scharnitz, described by Demont, by stating that the whole suite were up all night preparing for a journey, and he fully corroborated the evidence of Carlo Forti, respecting the journey at Senigaglia.

After the examination of this witness was finished, Mr Brougham stated he was unfortunately deprived of a material witness, the Chamberlain of the Grand Duke of Baden, who, notwithstanding all the efforts that had been made, not only by her Majesty's Counsel, but also by the Government of this country, could not be induced to come over, to give evidence in favour of her Majesty.

Oct. 23. The Secret Committee made their report on the extracts from Mr Powell's letters, the substance of which they communicated to the House.In these extracts they said, it appeared Colonel Brown had advised the sending out of Rastelli, with letters to quiet apprehensions as to the safety of the witnesses. Mr Brougham then tendered as evidence, in proof of the allegation of the Queen being held in estimation by foreign authorities, the Austrian Gazette of Trieste, which stated the ceremony with which the Queen was treated on her entering Trieste on the 15th, and leaving it on the 16th of April. This evidence was rejected by their Lordships.

Madamoiselle Demont was again placed at the bar, and closely examined relative to a particular conversation with a Madame Martini, residing at Morges in Switzerland, in which she has said to have expressed herself in high terms of praise of her Majesty; but she denied all recollection of the circumstance. Madame Martini was then examined as to the conversation imputed to Demont, which she swears did take place in April 1818.

Mr Leman deposed to the particulars of his mission to Baden, when Mr Brougham suddenly closed the case for her Majesty ; the Learned Gentleman attributed his inability to proceed to the absence of Baron d'Ende and Rastelli.

The Attorney-General then applied for time to call Colonel Brown and other witnesses, in order to vindicate those who were engaged in the Milan Commission from the aspersions cast upon them. A