Abbey, Ib. "The Bath Chronicle" Scaligeriana monarchy in England, to be by that very destruc- Often as this remarkable document has been historians. Sure am I that if the learned author Life and Reign of Charles the First, had had the original Warrant under his eyes, he would have Foreign In- anticipated me in pointing out the "grave doubts," to use the mildest phrase, which an examination of it throws upon the truthfulness of what has hitherto been supposed to be an authentic as well. as authorized report of the King's trial-namely, QUERIES:- The Paterini, 7-Lords of Brecon-" -Ferrey's "Recollections of Welby Pugin" ventories Garrick in the Green Room -Last of Gretna Priests Guinea-Lines -Heald and Whitley of York- shire, W.R. - Heritable Millers William Kenrick Local Second-hand Booksellers-Lloyd of Towy-Lon- don Monumental Brasses - Marley Horses-" The Oath" -"Opus inoperosum"-"Other-Worldliness"-Theodore Parker Preservation of Seals Quotations wanted- Symbolism of the Human Ear- Great Warrior - White and Green as the Royal Colours- Worley, or Wyrley Fa- REPLIES:-The Date of the Marriage of Lady Jane Grey, 11-Dinners "à la Russe," Ib.-The Tontine of 1789, 12 -Defects in Marriage Registers, 13 - Sir John Denham's Death, Ib.-Christian Names, 14-Thomas Chaucer - Miss Steele-Miserere Carvings - Edward Underhill, the "Hot Gospeller"- Treyford: Elsted - Monastic Inven- tories-"Stand on Sympathy," "Richard II.," Act iv. Sc. 1-Fortune's Spinning-wheel-Rev. Thomas Rose, temp Edward VI." Oss" or "Orse"- Mysticism: Mil- ton-Benjamin Franklin's "Laurel Wreath": a Picture- Names of Paper - Red Deer-"Make a Bridge of Gold," THE DEATH-WARRANT OF CHARLES I.: If there be one event in English history re- specting which, looking to its unparalleled cha- racter, the momentous results which flowed from it, and the sensation which it created throughout Europe, we should expect our information to be full, clear, and beyond dispute, it would surely be Yet, what is really the case? Beyond the one great fact, that the 30th of January 1649* saw "Charles our dread sovereign murther'd at his gate," every incident connected with that fearful tragedy is involved in more or less obscurity. The very spot where the execution took place is matter of controversy, and the identity of the executioner is as much disputed as that of the Man in the Iron Mask, or the writer of the Letters of Junius. Few historical documents have been made so familiar to the public by means of facsimile as the Warrant for the execution of the unhappy monarch. A strip of parchment, measuring some eighteen inches wide and ten inches deep, on which there are about a dozen lines of writing, and some threescore seals and signatures, destroyed *The year then ending March, all the documents con- There is no doubt that the Warrant in question is the one under which the King suffered. It came from the possession of Colonel Hacker, one of the three officers to whom it was addressed, when he was arrested in 1660, and by whom it was produced before the House of Lords, where it has ever since remained. Yet this remark- able document, almost the only original document connected with this great event which has been preserved-a Warrant for the execution of one who rightly described himself as "not an ordinary prisoner "-is in many of its most important parts written on erasures, and by a different hand. Before entering into a consideration of these erasures, and what they seem to point to, it will House of Commons a new Ordinance for erecting The following is a List of the Commissioners The respective shares which the Commissioners 8 Hutchinson, John. 20, 22, Ingoldsby, Rich. W 27. Lambert, John. Salwey, Humphry. 8 Scot, Th. 20, 22, 23, 27. Skinner, Aug. 8 Smith, Henry. 20, 22, 23, W 27. Temple, Sir Peter. W S Temple, Peter. 20, 22, 23, 8 Titchbourn, Rob. 20, 22, 23, 27. W Trenchard, John. 8 Ven, John. 20, 22, 23, 27. W 8 Waller, Sir Hard. 20, 22, 23, 27. W Wallop, Rob. 22. 8 Wanton, Val. 20, 22, 23, 27. W 8 Wayte, Th. 27. Weaver, John. Weston, Benj. In compliance with a resolution of the House of Commons of Jan. 6, the Commissioners met in the Painted Chamber on the 8th, when the Act was openly read, and the court called. Fiftythree Commissioners were present; the first name on the list is that of Fairfax-this being, I be8 Lisle, John. 20, 22, 23, lieve, the only occasion on which his name occurs win any part of the proceedings. S Lilbourn, Rob. 20, 22, 23, 27. Lisle, Philip Ld. W8 Livesey, Sir M. 8 Corbet, Miles. 23. 8 Danvers, Sir John. 20, 22, Darley, Richard. 8 Dean, Richard. 20, 22, 33, 27. Desborough, John. W S Dixwell, John. 20, 22, 23, W 8 Downs, John. 20, 22, 23, Duckinfield, Rob. 8 Edwards, Humph. 20,22, 23, 27. 8 Ewer, Isaac. 20. Fairfax, Th. Lord. 8 Fleetwood, Geo. 27. Fry, John. 20, 22, 23. 23, 27. W8 Millington, Gilb. 20, 22, S Garland, Aug. 20, 22, 23, 27. W 8 Goff, Wm. 20, 22, 27. W Gourdon, John. 8 More, John. 20, 22, 23, 27. 8 Norton, Sir Greg. 20,22, It will be remembered that on the first day of the trial, when his name was called, his wife (a De Vere) startled the Court by exclaiming aloud, "He had more wit than to be there "—a bearding of the Court which she followed up shortly afterwards, when the Impeachment was being read and declared to be in the name of "all the good people of England," by declaring, "No, not the hundredth part of them," upon which Hacker ordered his soldiers to fire into the box whence the voice proceeded; an order not, however, carried out. The Commissioners then proceeded to fix a day for holding the High Court, and issued a warrant for that purpose, and appointed Wednesday the 10th. To this warrant only thirty-seven affixed their names and seals, Fairfax not being one of them. This is no doubt the second document referred to in The Trials of the Regicides when "two warrants" are spoken of, to which reference the opinion sometimes expressed that there are other copies of the Death Warrant probably owes its rise. Many similar meetings were held by the Commissioners in the Painted Chamber, at which they 8 Okey, John. 20, 22, 23, appointed counsel, clerks, and other officers. At 27. the meeting of the 10th Bradshaw was named President, and at the next, on the 12th, "after an earnest apology for himself to be excused," he submitted to their order, and took his place according; and upon the Court resolving he should be styled Lord High President, he protested against the title, but was overruled by the Court. Arrangements were next made for the attendance of a guard, for the fitting-up of the court, &c. At the meeting on Jan. 13, the "discretion" which prompted the President to have his memorable "broad-brimmed hat" made bullet-proof,* induced the Commissioners to order the Serjeantat-arms to search and secure the vaults under the Painted Chamber, their place of meeting. On Jan. 17, fifty-six Commissioners being present, such absent members as had not hitherto appeared were ordered to be summoned by warrants a proceeding which seems to have failed in securing their attendance. In their anxiety to give as much appearance of legality, as possible to what Hallam calls their "insolent mockery of the forms of justice," the Commissioners issued an order to Sir Henry Mildmay to deliver up the Sword of State to Mr. Humphreys "to bear before the Lord President." On the morning of the 20th, fifty-seven Commissioners being present in the Painted Chamber, before proceeding to Westminster Hall, Mr. Lisle and Mr. Say were appointed assistants to the Lord President, and as such to sit near him, and the charge against the King was read and returned to Cooke to be exhibited by him in open court. At length, on the preliminary arrangements being completed, Charles, having been previously removed from Windsor to St. James's, on Saturday, Jan. 20, the Trial commenced. Bradshaw, preceded by the Sword of State and the Mace, attended by the ushers of the Court and a guard of gentlemen carrying partisans, proceeded to Westminster Hall, and opened the Court. The Act appointing the High Court was read, and the names of the Commissioners being called over, those who were present (sixty-seven in number) rose as they answered to their names. Then the King was brought in, and, as the official record tells us, "places himself in the chair, This hat, rendered immortal by the second line of a very inaccurate couplet in Bramston's Man of Taste"So Britain's monarch once uncovered sat While Bradshaw bullied in a broad-brimmed hat," is still preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. Kennett tell us in his History of England, iii. 181, note"Mr. Serjeant Bradshaw, the President, was afraid of some tumult upon such new and unprecedented Insolence as that of sitting Judge upon his King; and therefore, beside other defence, he had a thick high-crowned Beaver Hat lined with plated Steel to ward off blows. This Hat had long hung useless, when the Reverend Dr. Bisse, Preacher at the Rolls, lighting on it, sent it for a Present to the Museum at Oxford, with a Latin Inscription to preserve the memory of it." not at all moving his hat, or otherwise showing the least respect to the Court"-a line of conduct which certainly could not have taken the Court by surprise, inasmuch as at their meeting in the Painted Chamber on the same morning they had determined "that as to the prisoner's not putting off his hat, the Court will not insist for this day." This was only reasonable on the part of the Court; for, having predetermined to remove the King's head, it was not worth while squabbling over the removal of his hat. The charge having been read, and the King refusing to recognise the authority of the Court, he was removed. On Monday the 22nd the Commissioners met in the Painted Chamber, and resolved that if the King refused to recognise their jurisdiction and answer the charge, "the Court will take it as a contumacy"; then proceeded to the Hall, where 70 being present, the scene of Saturday was repeated; and Bradshaw having ordered the default to be recorded, and that no answer would be given to the charge, the King was again guarded forth to Sir Robert Cotton's house. On Tuesday the 23rd the King was again brought to Westminster Hall, sixty-three Commissioners being present; and still refusing to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the Court, Bradshaw directed the clerk to record the default, and the prisoner to be taken back. The Court did not meet in Westminster Hall on Wednesday 24th, Thursday 25th, or Friday 26th, but busied themselves in examining witnesses (not, be it remembered, in the presence of the accused) and other preparations for "the bitter end." ́ At the meeting on Thursday they determined to "proceed to sentence, and ordered a draught to be prepared, with a blank for the manner of the death.' On the 26th the form of sentence was agreed to and ordered to be engrossed, and the King ordered to be brought up on the following day to receive it. On the morning of Saturday 27th, sixty-seven Commissioners met in the Painted Chamber, approved of the sentence which had been engrossed, and ordered it to be published in Westminster Hall. To Westminster Hall the Court accordingly adjourned. The King was brought before the Court for the last time, and received his sentence, by standing up when it was pronounced. The sixty-seven Commissioners testifying their assent Court returned to the Painted Chamber and appointed a Committee to make preparations for the execution. On Monday the 29th forty-eight Commissioners met in the Painted Chamber, whose proceedings are thus officially described :— "Upon Report made from the Committee for considering the Time and Place of the execution of the Judg ment against the King, that the said Committee have resolved That the open street before Whitehall is a fit place, and that the said Committee conceive it fit that the King be there executed the morrow, the King having already notice thereof. The Court approved thereof, and ordered a Warrant to be drawn up for that purpose. Which said Warrant was accordingly drawn and agreed unto, and ordered to be engrossed; which was done, and signed and sealed accordingly." This was followed by another Order to the Officers of the Ordnance within the Tower of London to deliver up to the Serjeant-at-Arms attending the Court "the bright Execution Ax for the executing of malefactors." Upon this Warrant, alleged to be so drawn up, agreed to, engrossed, signed and sealed, the King was, on the following day, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 1649, executed in the open street before Whitehall. WILLIAM J. THOMS. (To be continued.) SYMBOLUM MARIÆ. At a time when so much is said for and against the retention or omission of the Athanasian creed, it may not be uninteresting to recall to remembrance, without dogmatic note or comment, a creed which, now buried though it be, and almost entirely forgotten, was doubtless dear to thousands or millions of good Catholics in those days when only fitful and transient breezes of heresy had disturbed the placid slumbers of the Church. The Psalter of the Virgin, a very curious production, and well worthy of more than a passing notice, is, in its Latin form, only noticed by Hain as having been printed once in the fifteenth century (Antwerpiæ, 1487), 8vo. The copy from which I am about to quote is, however, of an edition of 1497, an 8vo, it is true, but of extremely minute dimensions, and beautifully printed in red and black. The composition of the Psalter is attributed to St. Bernard. It is followed by the Symbolum Mariæ, which I give in extenso, for it appears to me to possess considerable intrinsic interest, and I doubt whether the text has been hitherto published in England: "Quicunque vult salvus esse ante omnia opus est, ut teneat de Mariâ firmam fidem. Quam nisi quisque integram inviolatamque servaverit; absque dubio in eternum peribit. Sola "Quoniam ipsa sola virgo manens peperit. cunctas hereses interemit. Confundatur et erubescat hebreus qui dicit Christum ex Joseph semine esse natum. Confundatur manicheus, qui Christum fictum dicit habere corpus. Palleat omnis qui hoc ipsum aliunde, et non de Mariâ dicit assumpsisse. "Idem namque filius qui est patris in divinis unigenitus; est et verus unigenitus Virginis Mariæ filius. "In cœlis sine matre, in terris sine patre. Nam sicut anima rationalis et caro propter unionem de homine vere A totally different work, of course, from the invaluable Psalterium Novum B. V. M. of Nitzschewitz (Zinnæ). nascitur: ita deus et homo Christus de Mariâ vere generatur. Induens carnem de carne virginis; quia sic genus humanum redimi congruebat. Qui secundum divinitatem est equalis patri, secundum humanitatem vero minor patre. Conceptus in utero Virginis Mariæ, angelo annunciante, de Spiritu sancto, non tamen Spiritus sanctus pater ejus est. Genitus in mundum sine pœnâ carnis virginis matris quia sine carnis delectatione conceptus. Quem lactavit mater ubere de cœlo pleno quam circumstabant angeli obstetricum vice, nunciantes pastoribus gaudium magnum hic a magis, muneribus adoratus; ab Herode in Egyptum fugatus: a Joanne in Jordane baptizatus; traditus, captus, flagellatus, crucifixus, mortuus et sepultus. Cum gloria ad coelos resurrexit, Spiritum sanetum in discipulos et in matrem misit. Quam demum in cœlum ipse assumpsit et sedet à dextera filii, non cessans pro nobis filium exorare. Hæc est fides de Mariâ, virgine matre, quam nisi quisquis fideliter firmiterque crediderit, salvus esse non poterit." West Derby. J. ELIOT HODGKIN. Cornwall: Constantine. - The brass of Rich. Geyrveys, Esq., 1574, is stated by Mr. Waller Arch. Journal, xviii. 80) to be "palimpsest," and Flemish execution I have ever seen." The design "the reverse is one of the finest examples of is fully described in the above quoted notice. Dorsetshire: Wimborne Minster.-S. Etheldred. Of this brass will be found interesting notices in the Arch. Jour. xxv. 172, and Gent. Mag., Dec. 1865. be found more fully described by Mr. Haines in a Herefordshire.--The whole of these brasses will paper read before the Archæological Association, and published in their Journal, xxvii. 85, 198. Cantelupe, Bp., 1282, remains. It represents S. Hereford Cathedral.-Part of the brass to Thos. Ethelbert holding his head in his hand, and is stated by Mr. Havergal (Fasti Herefordenses, 1869, p. 178) to be a unique example of the saint so represented. Kinnersley. An ecclesiastic vested in amice and chasuble, Wm. Dermot (?), "discretus bacularius," 1421; mural, north wall of chancel. Kent: Cobham.-The brass (XIX.) is to Wm. Hobson, and was found to be a "palimpsest" by Mr. Waller; and an accurate notice will be seen in Arch. Jour. xxv. 249, S. Mary Cray.-I was unable to discover the brass of Eliz. wife of Ger. Cobham (II.) when visiting the church in Nov. 1867. Query, is it lost? Horton Kirby.-There is a second brass representing a lady (in the S. Tr.), and a shield, "on a canton, a mullet." |