bled in 1578, had the absurdity to confirm the king's premature assumption of manhood. Here the interest of James's educational tutelage may be said to cease. He had been altogether carefully instructed by Buchanan; and he wrote several works, both in prose and poetry, which, though now censured as pedantic, show him to have possessed a cultivated mind, and a style quite equal to the generality of writers of his time. He also aspired to theological learning; for before he was twenty years of age, he wrote a Latin commentary on the Apocalypse; and he founded a seminary for champions in the Romish controversy upon the site of the present Chelsea Hospital. His amusements, however, were of the coarsest description; cock-fighting, bull, bear, and lion baiting, and the more ordinary field sports, occupying his time to the utter neglect of public affairs. But, he was a patron of learning; and it ought not to be forgotten that the authorized translation of the Bible was commenced and completed under his auspices. Shortly after he had succeeded to the English throne, at a conference of divines held at Hampton Court, in 1603, James expressed a strong opinion on the imperfections of the existing translations of the Scriptures. "I wish," said he, 66 some special pains were taken for a uniform translation, which should be done by the best learned in both universities, then revised by the bishops, presented to the privy council, and lastly ratified by royal authority, to be read in the whole church, and no other." Out of this speech of the king's arose the present English Bible, which has now for nearly 250 years been the only Bible read in the English church, and is also the Bible universally used in dissenting communities.

EDUCATION OF PRINCE HENRY.

James I. married, in 1590, Anne of Denmark, by whom he had a family of seven children. Prince Henry Frederic, the eldest son, was born at Stirling Castle in 1594. His father committed his infancy to the joint care of the Earl of Mar and the Countess his mother, who had been the king's own nurse: both were persons of merit, and were loved by their young charge, although the countess is said to have been far from over-indulgent. Neither James nor his queen desired that their children should receive education under their own eyes, or be domesticated beneath the same roof with themselves. In consequence, the younger children were boarded out in the families of different noblemen; whilst for the heir-apparent a separate establishment was formed, almost immediately on his quitting his nurse. principal attendants were the Earl of Mar as governor, and Sir David Murray as gentleman of the bedchamber. At five or six

His

years of age, the prince was placed under the tuition of Adam Newton, a good scholar, who afterward translated into Latin the King's discourse against Vorstius. About the same time James composed his Basilicon Doron, a collection of precepts and maxims in religion, in morals, and in the arts of government, addressed to Prince Henry, nominally for his instruction, but more truly for displaying James's skill in common-places, and uttering to the world his maxims of state. Upon the little prince arriving in England, the king created him a Knight of the Garter, at nine years of age, and settled him in one of the royal palaces, his household consisting of seventy servants, which the King doubled next year; and in 1610, the establishment of the prince had increased to 426 persons, besides artificers under the management of Inigo Jones, comptroller of the works.*

The

Different factions now strove to gain the ear and heart of the young prince. A Scotch officer being directed to procure for his highness a suit of armor, expressed his hopes that he would follow the footsteps of Edward the Black Prince, and added, “I shall bring with me also the book of Froissart, who will show your grace how the wars were led in those days; and what just title and right your grace's father has beyond the seas." queen told him she hoped one day to see him conquer France, like another Henry V. To learning the prince does not appear to have been greatly inclined, but he remained true to the Protestant faith; and the martial spirit thus fostered in him had the effect of rendering him a warm admirer of Henry IV. of France, and by degrees of drawing him strongly within the influence of this distinguished prince and warrior.

"None of his pleasures," writes M. Broderie, in 1606, "savour in the least of a child. He is a particular lover of horses, and what belongs to them; but is not fond of hunting. He is fond of playing at tennis, and at another Scotch diversion very like mall; but always with persons elder than himself, as if he despised those of his own age. He studies two hours in the day, and employs the rest of his time in tossing the pike, or leaping, or shooting with the bow, or throwing the bar, or vaulting, or some other exercise of that kind; and he is never idle."—-Birch's Life.

* No. 17, Fleet-street, is a reputed residence of Prince Henry, but not mentioned as such by his biographers. The first-floor front-room has, however, an enriched plaster ceiling, inscribed P. (triple plume) H., which, with part of the carved wainscoting, denote the house to be of the time of James I. Here Mrs. Salmon exhibited her wax-work, and she was, probably, the first who styled the place "once the Palace of Henry Prince of Wales, son of King James I.;" a statement, perhaps, as authentic as the present inscription on the house"Formerly the Palace of Henry VIII. and Cardinal Wolsey." The size of the dwelling does not correspond with the magnificent household of Prince Henry; it is more probable that the ceiling was decorated with the royal plume and initials by one of the Prince's retainers, which courtly compliment was formerly not rare.

Near Leicester-fields, upon the site of Gerrard-street, Soho, was formerly a piece of ground walled in by Prince Henry, for the exercise of arms; here were an armory and a well-furnished library of books relating to feats of arms, chivalry, military affairs, encamping, fortification, in all languages, and kept by a learned librarian. It was called the Artillery Ground; and after the Restoration of Charles II. it was bought by Lord Gerard, and let for building, about 1677.- Curiosities of London.

Henry patronized that excellent man and preacher, Joseph Hall, afterward Bishop of Norwich. Having heard two of the sermons, the prince, then in his fourteenth year, appointed him one of his chaplains. Henry was early impressed with a strong sense of religion; and besides exhibiting strict religious observance in his own conduct, his youthful zeal ordered boxes to be kept at his three houses, to receive the penalties on profane swearing, which he commanded to be strictly levied on his household; and he is stated to have once declared that "all the pleasure in the world is not worth an oath." He took early interest in naval matters; frequently visited the dockyards; took great delight in a model ship which was constructed for him, and received Phineas Pett, the builder, into his special favor and protection. He greatly admired the genius of Sir Walter Raleigh, and more than once exclaimed that "no king but his father would keep such a bird in a cage." Henry died in his nineteenth year: the grief of the people was unbounded: the young and adventurous bewailed a prince supposed to resemble Henry V., that favorite of English story, equally in his outward form and in the nobler qualities of his mind; and the zealous party in religion mourned a stanch defender of the Protestant church. The two universities produced sermons, Latin orations, and collections of verses, in honor of the lamented Prince Henry. Most of the cotemporary poets, with the very remarkable exception of Ben Jonson-the court poet, though not yet the laureate hastened to scatter their voluntary offerings round the tomb of Henry. Chapman, the translator of Homer, bewailed in the prince his "most dear and heroical patron." Webster and Heywood each produced an elegy. William Browne, who published in the following year Britannia's Pastorals, first exercised his muse on the loss of Henry; and Dr. Donne, known chiefly by his satires, in a tender elegy commemorated the virtue of this lamented prince. His handsome person and knightly figure are vividly portrayed in the print engraved by Crispin Pass.

LITERATURE OF THE REIGN OF JAMES THE FIRST.

The best learning of this age was derived from the study of the ancients; which, however, tended to introduce the pedantry and forced conceits and sentiments so prevalent in the writing of the time. The English language, after having been improved by Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney, and rendered almost perfect by Richard Hooker, in his immortal books of the Ecclesiastical Polity, had begun, after the middle of the reign of Elizabeth, to lose some of its native vigor, being molded by every writer according to his own fancy. The introduction of the Latin idiom,

which had caused many innovations in the last reign, greatly increased under James I., who was himself infected with the bad taste of his time. The prose composition has been considered to be more imperfect than the verse; the purest language spoken in the Courts of Elizabeth and James I. is thought to have differed but little from the best of modern times; wherefore the unpolished and Latinized prose of the seventeenth century has been attributed to the station in society of the authors. But the English tongue could boast of Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, and Edward Fairfax, the translator of Tasso; Sir John Harrington, who rendered Ariosto into British verse; Dr. Donne, whose wit and deep feeling, thrown into his lines, are almost entirely obscured by an uncommonly harsh and uncouth expression; Dr. Joseph Hall, Bishop of Exeter, the first author of satires in English; Sir Walter Raleigh; Beaumont and Fletcher; Owen Feltham and Lord Bacon. The last was one of the greatest glories of the literature of this period. He wrote more in Latin than in English, and perhaps had more strength than elegance in either; but he is rendered famous by the great variety of his talents as a public speaker, a statesman, a wit, a courtier, an author, a philosopher, and a companion.

In this reign, in 1608, the great Lord Clarendon, Chancellor to Charles II., was born at Dinton, near Salisbury, where he was first instructed by the clergyman of the parish, who was also a schoolmaster, and afterward at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he entered at the age of thirteen: we obtain a glimpse of the manners of the students at the University at that period from Clarendon's quitting Oxford "in consequence of the habit of hard drinking which then prevailed there."

In the same year, 1608, was born John Milton; and in 1612, Samuel Butler; of whose school-days some account will be given in a future page.

BURTON AND SELDEN.

To the scholars of this period belongs Robert Burton, who wrote the Anatomy of Melancholy, the favorite of the learned and witty, and beyond all other English authors, largely dealing in apt and original quotations. Burton was born at Lindley, in Leicestershire, in 1576, and was sent early to the free grammarschool of Sutton Coldfield, in Warwickshire, as he mentions in his Anatomy—in his will, he also states Nuneaton; probably he may have been at both schools. At the age of 17, he was admitted a commoner at Brazen Nose College, Oxford, where he made considerable progress in logic and philosophy; in 1599, he was elected student of Christchurch; and about 1628, he became rector of Segrave, Wood describes him as

"an exact mathematician, a curious calculator of nativities, a general-read scholar, a thorough-paced philologist, and one that understood the surveying of lands well As he was by many accounted a severe student, a devourer of authors, a melancholy and humorous person, so by others who knew him well, a person of great honesty, plain dealing, and charity. I have heard some of the antients of Christchurch often say that his memory was very merry, facete, and juvenile; and no man in his time did surpass him for his ready and dexterous interlarding his common discourses among them with verses from the poets, or sentences from classical authors; which, being then all the fashion in the University, made his company more acceptable."

We gather from Burton's account of himself, that he aimed at a smattering in all; that he had read many good books, but to little purpose, for want of a good method; that all his treasure was in Minerva's tower; that he lived a collegiate student, as Democritus in his garden, and led a monastic life, sequestered from the tumults and troubles of the world, but now and then walking abroad, to see the fashions, and look into the world. He was an inordinate reader, and was liberally supplied with books from the Bodleian Library, to which and Christchurch Library he bequeathed his own books.

John Selden, described as "an English gentleman of most extensive knowledge and prodigious learning," was born at Salvington, in Sussex, in 1584: he was sent early to the prebendal free school at Chichester, which had been refounded by Bishop Edward Story, about 1470; but the school is believed to be coeval with the cathedral. From Chichester, Selden was sent to Oxford. Antony à Wood says: "he was an exact critic and philologist, an excellent Grecian, Latinist, and historian, and, above all, a profound antiquary."

By his works Selden acquired the esteem and friendship of Camden, Spelman, Sir Robert Cotton, Ben Jonson, Browne, and also of Drayton, to whose Polyolbion he furnished notes. By Milton he is spoken of as "the chief of learned men reputed in this land." "He was of so stupendous a learning," says Lord Clarendon, "in all kinds and in all languages (as may appear in his excellent writings), that a man would have thought he had been entirely conversant among books, and had never spent an hour but in reading and writing; yet his humanity, affability, and courtesy were such, that he would have been thought to have been bred in the best courts, but that his good nature, charity, and delight in doing good exceeded that breeding." His amanuensis for twenty years enjoyed the opportunity of hearing his employer's discourse, and was in the habit of faithfully committing the excellent things that usually fell from him; " which were subsequently published as Selden's Table Talk.

THOMAS FULLER'S "SCHOOLMASTER."

The witty Thomas Fuller, one of the most original writers in our language, was born in 1608, at Aldwinckle, in Northampton