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Tangmer], com. Sussex. [Ceased to be Fellow] 1570. [Degree] Artium Bacc."

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SHAKESPEARIANA.

A BATCH OF EMENDATIONS.- Tempest," B.A. I. ii. :—

3. Boase, Register of the University of Oxford' (Oxford Hist. Soc.), vol. i. (1885), p. 254: "Lewkner or Lukener, George, adm. 24 Mar. 156, det. [i.e., "determined," that is, "presided over disputations, and gave out his determination or decision on the questions discussed," as every man admitted as B.A. was expected to do in the Lent after his admission] 1565-adm. probationary Fellow of New College 29 Jan. 1560 [i.e., say I, 1560 /1] from Tagmer [sic] in Sussex, res. 1570; a doctor of medicine [but Boase does not state his authority for saying that this George Lewkner was "doctor of medicine "]." I have been unable to ascertain when one George Lewknor abtained his degree of M.D. However, assuming him to have taken it somewhere abroad it is possible that he should be identified with the father of a nun of St. Monica's, Louvain. The Chronicle of St. Monica's, vol. ii. (edited by Dom. Adam Hamilton, O.S.B. and published by Sands & Co. in 1906), at p. 39 says that Sister Margaret Lutnor (Lewkenor) was professed on Oct. 4, 1626, and that she was "daughter unto George Lukner, of an ancient noble house, but a younger brother. He undertook the course of law, and was Doctor of the Civil Law, but finding in time that he could not well live thereby in England, being a Catholic, he was content to become a doctor of physic, &c." It adds (p. 40) that her father dying about 1626, when she was 28, of his free will gave her a portion for religion, she having nothing of her own." Sister Margaret Lewkenor died Mar. 6, 1644, at the age of 46 years and eighteen of her profession (pp. 196-7).

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Samuel Lewknor entered Winchester College in 1584, aged 11, from Selsey. Though not in the pedigree, he was probably a son of the Thomas Lewknor, M.P. for Midhurst in 1586 and 1588, mentioned above: and a brother of Sir Lewis Lewknor (M.P. for Midhurst, 1597, and appointed Master of Ceremonies to Ambassadors, Nov. 11, 1605). Thomas Lewknor, the Jesuit (as to whom see Foley, Records S. J.,' vol. ii. p. 636, vol. vii. pp. 454, 924) belonged to the West Dean branch of the family and his father held a high place at court. He was born at Antwerp in 1588, entered the Society of Jesus in 1611, was employed from 1625 to 1645 on the English mission, and died in London, aged 57. I should conjecture that he was a son of Richard Lewknor, of West Dean, Chief Justice of Wales, above mentioned.

Is there any evidence that this Richard Lewknor's wife was a Catholic?

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

Who t' advance, and who
To trash for over-topping.

Much ingenuity has been wasted in attempts The to twist a meaning out of trash. Restoration arrangement by Davenant and Dryden substituted lop. A much moresatisfactory word is plash.

'1 Henry IV.,' II. i. :—

Bourgomasters and great Oneyers. The right word is plainly indicated by the opening scene of Merchant of Venice,' line 10:

Like signiors and rich burghers on the flood.

We need have no hesitation in adopting the

reading

Burgomasters and great signiors.

'King Lear,' I. ii. (from the Quartos) :"Needless diffidences, banishment of friends, dissipation of Cohorts, nuptial breaches, and I know not what." Somewhere in Elizabethan literature-unfortunately I did not note where I met with a phrase which explains the difficulty: dissipation of contracts.'

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These three emendations, plash, signiors, contracts, I think deserve admission intothe text. Here are also some attempts to explain obscurities.

Measure for Measure,' II. ii. :—

But man, proud man
Drest in a little briefe authoritie;

Most ignorant of what he's most assur❜d,
(His glassie Essence) like an angry Ape
Plaies such phantastique tricks before high heaven
As makes the Angels weepe.
This I formerly thought to be the most
hopeless misprint in all Shakespeare; possi-
bly I have at last hit upon the general idea
on which the simile is based. The reference
is apparently to an ape being angered by
seeing his reflection in a looking-glass. The
best emendation I can offer is

&

His glassèd semblance. Shakespearian students may be able to improve upon this; but I fear a line has dropped out. There may have been semicolon in the middle of the missing line, after a verb; the whole sentence having constructional analogies with Hamlet's sentence on the "vicious moles of nature."

' 1 Henry IV.,' II. iv. :—

Gads. Some sixe or seven fresh men set upon us. Fal. "And unbound the rest, and then camein the other."

Falstaff more probably said came on (all) raise a sudden darkness, an effect required together. Came in yet others, though further in several contemporary dramas. from the original text, deserves consideration.

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·

Romeo and Juliet,' III. ii. :— Spread thy close curtain, love-performing night! Leap to these arms, untalkt of, and unseen! That runnaweyes eyes may wincke; and Romeo The emendations sunne-a-weary and unawares, proposed for this famous difficulty, have not been accepted: one is too comHere again & plicated, one Nat.

In the same scene occur the two misprints "pitiful-hearted Titan," and elfskin, corrected by Theobald and Hanmer to pitiful-hearted butter " and eelskin. They are both adopted in Dyce's edition; I did not know this when I put forward Theobald's suggestion at 10 S. vi. 504. Field's Woman is a Weathercock,' I. ii., and Fletcher's Women Pleased,' III. ii., justify Hanmer.

'Tempest,' V. i., Ariel's song :—

On the bat's back I do fly After summer, merrily. Something is wrong; Theobald proposed after sunset, which has been generally followed. The Davenant Dryden version gives :

and

On the swallow's wing I fly After summer, merrily. This version has been overlooked; even in the Variorum Shakespeare' it does not appear.

Trembling for the consequences, I send a suggestion for the text of the entire song; in sheer timidity I have long kept it unwritten, but have finally screwed my courage to the sticking-place, and here it is :

Where the bee sucks, there (suck) I;
In a cowslip's bell I lie;

On the bat's back I do fly,
There I couch when owls do cry.
On the swallow's wing I hie,
After summer, merrily.

The two versions are thus united; and the fourth line of the original put before the third. Otherwise the only addition is hie. In the first line, neither suck, as in the Folio, nor the popular emendation lurk, is quite convincing.

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Macbeth,' I. i.-How many readers have any conception of the exact meaning of the concluding lines? The couplet

Faire is foule, and foule is faire, Hover through the fogge and filthie ayre, conveys no distinct idea; and equally obscure are Macbeth's first words in I. iii. : So foule and faire a day I have not seene. Davenant's arrangement has :—

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too trivial.

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Restoration arrangement gives some help. (1680), uses the Otway, in Caius Marius jealous speech; he substitutes eyes," making at least good sense of the line. I hardly think jealous is the right word, and perhaps Shakespeare wrote two words; but I prefer jealous to any emendation found so far.

Davenant's and the other Restoration acting versions of Shakespeare are commonly decried, and with full justice, for their needless alterations and objectionable additions ; but let it not be forgotten that Davenant knew Shakespeare, and that the leading tragedian of his company was Charles Hart, grandson of Shakespeare's sister Joan; and further, that both Davenant and Hart had been connected with the stage even before the Civil War. On textual questions the Restoration arrangements claim examination. The operatic perversion of Measure for Measure,' for which Oldmixon wrote a prologue in 1700, alters Isabella's speech wildly enough; but it suggested to me the explanation I have given above. H. DAVEY.

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Prof. Weekley in his 'Surnames' (pp. 46282) connects the French general's name with Fulke, Foulkes, Vokes, Fogg, Fochier, and Fouché, through the Latin Fulcher; which I take to be a false attribution. On the other hand in Larchey's 'Dictionnaire des Noms,' the personal names, Focke and Focas, are associated with that of Phocas, a martyr of the fourth century, who was subsequently canonised.

For us fair weather's foul, and foul is fair; Hover through the foggy filthy air. The witches have 'wound up" a charm The true derivation of this now allbefore Macbeth and Banquo enter. It important surname is, I think, best indicated appears to me that in both scenes Shake- by M. Raymond Recouly in his newlyspeare directed that the witches should published monograph on the career of the

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French general, as coming from fioch, a EARLY MAPS.-The following paragraph, patois word of the Haute Garonne, which which is cited from Scientific America, signifies fire." The locality in question May 31, 1919, under the heading of Science,' being close to the Pyrenees, this dialect p. 569 (Munn & Co., New York), seems term is ostensibly nothing more than a perhaps worth reproduction in ‘N. & Q.' :· variant of Catalonian fog, Span. fuego, Fr. feu, Port. fogo, Ital. fuoco, Prov. focs, Roum. foc, from Lat. fccus, a hearth: a philological consummation devoutly to be wished in view of the fact that the attribute, ardour, is in an especial degree appropriate to the mentality of the great French soldier, whose well-laid plans eventually overcame the deep designs and pretentious claims of Prussian militarism. N. W. HILL.

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THE EARL OF BEACONSFIELD'S BIRTH

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PLACE.-Monypenny's Life' (1910), says that Isaac D'Israeli, who had been living in chambers in James Street, Adelphi, moved to King's Road, Bedford Row, on his marriage, and there his eldest son Benjamin was born; a foot-note stating that the house is now 22 Theobalds Road, and that, oddly enough, Lord Beaconsfield seemed never to have been certain either of the place or the year in which it occurred. An editorial note in N. & Q.', 6 S. iii. 360 (1881), states that the date Dec. 21, 1804, had been fixed, "but not so the number of the house in the Adelphi where the late peer was born." The 'D.N.B.' gives 6 John Street, Bedford Row, as the birthplace. In The Life and Reminiscences of E. L. Blanchard,' 1891, Blanchard thus spoke or wrote of 6 Adelphi Terrace (where he lived from 1876 to 1889), p. 631:

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Isaac D'Israeli was lodging in an adjoining street where, his wife being near her confinement, the doctor advised a removal to a house where a better view and fresher air could be obtained. D'Israeli came to this house, and it was in this very room that the statesman was born."

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map.

THE EARLIEST PLAN OF NEW YORK. Dr. F. C. Wieder, of the Royal NetherlandsGeographical Society, who has recently carried' out extensive investigations concerning early explorations of the region about the present site plan of New York than any previously known. of New York city, has brought to light an earlier According to an account of this discovery pubished in The Geographical Journal the appears to have been based on a survey made in 1660, and shows a regular series of intercrossing streets, proving that even at that period, though few houses had been erected, the whole plan of the City had been laid out, even to the modern 'townships." This map, which was found at the Villa Castello in Florence, is the only one thus far known dating from the period of Dutch sovereignty on Manhattan Island. The so-called "Duke's plan," preserved in the British Museum,. formerly the earliest one known, appears to be, in fact, only an inferior British copy of the Dutch map.' FRED L. TAVARÉ.

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22 Trentham Street, Pendleton, Manchester.

EARLY LONDON ORPHAN ASYLUM.—In April, 1917, a London bookseller had for sale an unfamiliar pamphlet :

"London's Charity Inlarged, stilling the orphan's cry, by the liberality of the Parliament, in grante ing two houses by Act, and giving a thousand pounds towards the work for the employment of the poor and Education of poor children, by S. H., etc., small 4to, pp. 22. London, 1650."

Failing the opportunity of purchasing or examining this, I can only infer it refers to therefore pre-dates the pamphlet describing an early form of orphan asylum, and it "the General Nursery or Colledg of Infants set up by the Justices of Peace in part of the Corporation Workhouse at Clerkenwell. This pamphlet, small 4to, 16 pp. (including title) was licensed Oct. 13, 1686, and printed by R. Roberts. I am indebted to Mr. F. Marcham for sight of the pamphlet and much useful data relating to it. Sir Thomas Rowe was entrusted with the care thereof,and apparently (Middlesex Sessions Books, 1689-1709, pp. 13, 66, 74/5, 125, 126, 156, 165) he conveyed his estates as security for this trusteeship. Ultimately, the children. were removed to Hornsey. In the fact that these two proposals provided for boarding the children gratuitously, they were more than mere charity schools, and a distinct advance upon W. Blake's Silver Drops or a Serious Thing,' an account of a Highgate Ladies' School, 1685.

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ALECK ABRAHAMS..

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MORESNET: ALLEGED SMALL REPUBLIC. (See 12 S. i. 42, 129, 195, 258.)-At the first reference I quoted a letter in The Standard of June 2, 1896, in which the writer mentioned Moresnet as a miniature republic." I gave an extract from The Times of Aug. 25, 1903, which showed that it was not a republic, but rather a small territory "under the condominion of Belgium and Prussia," subject to a joint administration, pending a final settlement." This presumably final settlement has been arrived at by the Treaty of Peace, part iii., articles 32 and 33:

"Germany recognizes the full sovereignty of Belgium over the whole of the contested territory of Moresnet (called Moresnet neutre)."

"Germany renounces in favour of Belgium all rights and title over the territory of Prussian Moresnet situated on the west of the road from Liege to Aix-la-Chapelle: the road will belong to Belgium where it bounds this territory." See Supplement of The Times, June 28, 1919.

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VINEGAR

UPON

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

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The

NITRE. Compared in Prov. xxv. 20 to disturbing actions. nitre "here referred to is not saltpetre, on which vinegar has no effect, but carbonate of soda, known as washing soda, on which vinegar produces a violent efferves⚫cence. R.V. gives "“soda” as an alternative rendering, but that ought to be the only. .one. Nitre," L. nitrum, Gr. virpov, Heb. nether, used at first to denote native

sodium carbonate or natron, but since about 1633 potassium nitrate or saltpetre. So in Jer. ii. 22, though thou wash me with nitre (R.V. lye), with soda" would be right now, and be generally "understanded of the people." J. T. F.

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Winterton, Lincs.

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PLANE TREES IN LONDON.-Plane trees have been accused (without definite proof) of being agents in spreading colds, &c.; it is said that their minute spicules, which float in the air in dry spring weather, act as irritants of the nose and throat. The plane is a native of a region of scorching summers, and the sun's heat in London is reflected from buildings and streets; it is late in leafing, thus escaping the spring frosts and its bark is shed periodically. For these reasons it is an excellent tree for towns. There are many fine examples in London, the best known being the one in the old churchyard of St. Peter in Chepe, at the corner of Wood Street, which probably suggested Wordsworth's Reverie of Poor Susan.' Amy Levy's poem A London

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"LORRIBUS,' "" LORRIBUSES."-The words "lorribus" and "lorribuses " have found their way into print this month (June), probably for the first time, and it may be useful to place this on record. Journalists have used these words in connection with the conversion of the large War Department motor lorries into passenger-carrying vehicles. These are now plying for hire on the London streets, to relieve the congested condition of the tubes, trains, trams, and other public conveyances.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

ATTENTION OF A SOUL TO THE CORPSE.Fresh to me is the psychological fancy that as long as a corpse remains unburied the released soul pays it a visit once in every twenty-four hours. This is what I pick up from p. 73 of Mrs. Romanes's 'The Story of an English Sister' :

for one.

"At one of our luncheon parties, Lord Halifax told us the following story. Two ladies (I think he knew them) had been hunting somewhere in Lincolnshire, and after the run they gave their horses to a groom and hired a gig. Presently they got to a bridge and saw a man looking very tired, so they either offered him a lift or he asked without any thanks he got off the back seat and made his way into the inn, round which a small crowd had gathered. The landlord came out to them, and as he came out the man brushed close past him. So they, a little bit vexed at the man's want of manners, asked who the man was. The landlord said he had seen no one. Oh, yes,' they said, you must have seen him,' and they began to describe the man. The landlord grew very puzzled and said: 'Please will you come into the house for a minute?' them into a room where on the bed lay the man they went into the inn, and the landlord took whom they had seen-dead. 'This is the body of a man who was drowned,' said the landlord. His body has just been found and we are awaiting the coroner.' But the cream of the story is yet to come. Lord Halifax was driving across a moor with only a servant, so he began talking to him and presently told him this story: where

Presently they came to an inn, and

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AMERICAN LINK WITH WINCHESTER. While searching the city archives of Winchester I came across this entry in the Winchester Coffer Book, which may appeal to those who collect historical and genealogical data:

"1625, 30th December. Taken from the (city) cofers Thirty shillings, for the apparelling of six poor boys that went to Virginia.' Unfortunately rames are not given. So far as the expenditure went, those were certainly good old days," as compared with present prices for clothes, if the boys got a fair supply at five shillings each.

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WM. JAGGARD, Capt. Records J3 Repat. Camp, Winchester. CURIOUS PERSONAL NAMES.-The following female telephonists appear among a list of persons appointed by the Admiralty, as set out in The London Gazette of July 4, 1919 Ladysmith Shamrock and Thistle Dijon.

Union Club.

Queries.

W. C. J.

WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

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HUETT TOMB, MILLBROOK. (See 2 S. vi. 246, 294, 331.)-This tomb which appears to have been destroyed and buried in 1858 was rediscovered on April 11, 1919, and the figures and portions of the tomb placed in a temporary position in the church; but it appears from the excellent description of the tomb in N. & Q.,' Oct. 9, 1858, that there are further portions still to be found. This agrees also with PEDESTRIAN'S account of Sept. 25, 1858, and with local statements that portions of the tomb were buried in the rectory garden, together with the brass of a priest. Owing to alteration of the chancel since the tomb was destroyed, it is practically out of the question to put the tomb back in its original position: but I shall be glad to hear from any members of the family as to their ideas on the subject.

HARRY P. POLLARD. The Rectory, Millbrook, Beds.

SIR PETER DENIS.-I shall be obliged if any reader of 'N. & Q.' can give me information regarding Sir Peter Denis_and and Lady Denis, the commander of the his wife, beyond the following: Sir Peter yacht which conveyed Princess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, bride of George III., to England.

I should like to know the date of his birth, marriage, and death, to whom he was account of him. He is not in the 'D.N.B." married, and where I can find the best

JOHN LANE.

The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, W.1.

CHEVALIER PETER DILLON.-The Chevalier Dillon, who was a member of the Legion of Honour, of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and of the Geographical Society of Paris, and commander of the H.E.I.C. ship Research published in 1829 an account of his search in the South Seas for information about La. Pérouse's voyage of 1785-88. What was his origin and when did he die ? He seems to have been alive in 1842, when his pam-phlet against the Methodist Missionaries in the Friendly Islands to which the Rev. David Cargill replied was published. Where can I see the pamphlet. It is not in the British Museum.

37 Bedford Square, W.C.1.

J. M. BULLOCH..

COWAP.-Information desired as to the origin of the surname Cowap. Believed to have arisen in Cumberland or Westmorland. Is it a variation of Cowan and Cowen ? J. LANDFEAR LUCAS.

MEDIEVAL SCIENTIFIC MSS.-I am compiling a catalogue of the Medieval ScientificMSS. in the British Isles. The work has received grants from both the Royal Society and the British Academy-a combination of help which happily illustrates that operation and mutual recognition between science and the humanities that votaries of the history of science feel confident will be fostered by this growing study.

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The catalogue now comprises over 40,000 entries, and I am anxious to make it as complete possible. Early scientific material has been found embedded in the most unlikely places-even in missals and psalters-and I shall therefore be grateful for information as to any MSS. dating from before the sixteenth century, other than those of our great national collections which have, of course, already been examined for the purpose.

DOROTHEA WALEY SINGER. Westbury Lodge, Norham Road, Oxford.

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