writes from the heart. The painter of Virginia, who has so many fimilarities to him of Eloifa, alfo highly eftimates the inAuence of women in focial inftitutions. In our author's opinion, the profperity of states depends more than is believed on that amiable fex.

Among a multitude of wife and ufeful ideas, fcattered through this work, there is one relative to territorial taxes which deferves mention. Fixing at twenty acres the quantity of land necessary to fupport a family, our philofopher, besides the ordinary tax, would establish a cenforial tax, to increase according to the extent of the property, like the duty on diamonds and glafs in France; the luxury in which is lefs dangerous than that in land, which brings on the ruin of a state. This cenforial tax is to be paid by thofe who poffefs forty acres of land, to be doubled on fixty, quadrupled on eighty: and thus to increase in geometrical progreffion.

M. Boulard, a Parifian bookfeller, has written and published a novel, called, La Vie et les Aventures de Ferdinand Vartamont, &c. The Life and Adventures of Ferdinand Vertamont, and of Maurice his uncle. This work is vicious in its morals, and in its plan and execution.

Catalogue des Livres de la Bibliotheque de feu M. de Lamoignon, The Catalogue of Prefident Lamoignon's Library, Paris, 3 vols. 8vo. This beautiful library, formed by William de Lamoignon, firft prefident of the parliament of Paris in the time of Louis XIV. and by M. Berryer, fecretary of state, who died in 1762, and whofe books paffed to the late prefident Lamoignon, his fon-in-law, has now come into the hands of an English bookfeller, and is expected foon to be publicly fold.

Memoires du Miniftere du Duc d'Aiguillon, &c. Memoirs of the Administration of the Duke d'Aiguillon, and of his Government in Bretagne, to ferve the Hiftory of the End of the Reign of Louis XV. and the Beginning of that of Louis XVI. Paris, 8vo. The author of thefe Memoirs fhews confiderable abilities, and knowledge of his fubject: he is a master of the court affairs of the time, and prefents his readers with a great number of curious and original anecdotes. He explains the chief intrigues profoundly, and examines every ftep of the oppofite parties; but his animofity against the duke of Choifeud renders him fo unjust as to affirm, without proof, the molt fcandalous calumnies. He formally imputes to the duke of Choifeul the death of the dauphin, of the dauphinefs, and of the queen, who, as he says, all perished by poifon. There is no occafion to undertake the labour of refuting fuch atrocious charges it is fufficient to fay to the accufer, Alledge your proofs; if you cannot prove, you are guilty of the blackeft calumny.

Saint

Saint Flour et Juftine, &c. Saint Flour and Justina, or, the Hiftory of a young Frenchwoman of the eighteenth Century, with a Dialogue on the moral Character of Women, by M. de F. Paris, 2 vols. 12mo. The character of St. Flour, who is a kind of milanthrope, is traced in an interefting manner, but is not preferved with the utmoft exactness. This novel presents a striking picture of the feductions which a young woman is apt to encounter in the corrupt circle of fome focieties; and proves, that one fingle imprudence often degrades the most happy character, and draws it on, almoít in spite of itself, into vice and difhonour.

Abdelazis et Zuleima, Tragedie par M. de Murville, Paris, 8vo. This tragedy is far too romantic, and wants verifimilitude in an eminent degree.

ITALY.

The marquis Malaspina has published at Pavia his work, intituled, Delle Leggi del Bello, &c. Of the Laws of the Beautiful, as applied to Painting and Architecture, 8vo. This work, which is much efteemed in Italy, is divided into three parts. In the first, the author endeavours to demonftrate why the beautiful makes an agreeable impreffion on the fight; to caufe this effect three things are necefiary, unity, variety, and propriety. After this, he feparately difcuffes intellectual beauty, moral beauty, and external beauty, or that fubject to the fenfes; and he gives an ingenious parallel of the three. Definitions of the fine, the delicate, the graceful, the fublime, follow. As the refult of thefe refearches, is at laft given the analysis of beauty in the arts. In the fecond part, the author makes a particular application of thefe principles to painting, in explaining the caufe of beauty in invention, in difpofition, in expreffion, in defign, in chiaro fcuro, and in colouring. The third part, after having given a general idea of the beautiful in architecture, treats feparately of invention, difpofition, and expreЛon, in that art and the author lays down certain rules in consequence to fucceed in them.;

Governo della Toscana, &c. the Government of Tuscany under the Reign of Leopold II. Venice, 8vo. The principles and conduct of one of the wifeft and moft humane legiflators muft interest every enlightened and fenfible mind. In all the regulations of this prince, one end alone is obfervable, the hap pinefs of his fubjects. The hiftory of the world offers no example of a legiflation more paternal, and of a government more mild.

Metodo di comporre un Cimento validiffimo, &c. A Method of compofing a very strong Cement, which may serve as a Varnith

Varnish for all Kinds of Veffels of Metal, Stone, or even of Wood. Venice, 8vo. This cement was a fecret, the efficacity of which has been tried in the prefence of commisioners appointed by the fenate of Venice. It is impenetrable even by fpirits of wine, or by oil. As it is of little expence, cifterns of brick are overlaid with it, in the certainty that they will be water-proof. This book is published by order of the fenate, to enable all to profit by fo useful a difcovery; but we cannot lay it before our readers, as the foreign Journals, from which this accouut is taken, do not give the receipt.

Le Antichita di Herculaneo, &c. The Antiquities of Hercu laneum, a new edition, of which the Plates are engraven by Thomas Paioli. Naples, 1791, folio. Of this beautiful edi tion, the third volume has appeared, completing the collection of paintings. Though the editor has endeavoured to render this edition as cheap as poffible, the amateurs will find in it many advantages above the former. Particular care has been taken to omit nothing in the hiftorical and mythological illuftrations, which accompany the plates: and the third volume is enriched with an effential print, not to be found in the ori ginal impreffion. In the fucceeding volumes, the bufts will next follow. After thefe, the ftatues, the bafio-relievos, and The editor the facred and common utenfils, will be given. undertakes to deliver a Number, of fix plates, every month, with illuftrations: the price of each Number is four paoli.

SPAIN.

Relacion del ultimo Viage al Eftrecho de Magellanas, &c. An Account of the last Voyage to the Straits of Magellan, in the Years 1785 and 1786; with a Supplement, containing extras from all preceding relations, manufcript or printed, concerning that part of America, its inhabitants, climate, and productions; Madrid, printed by order of his majefty, by the This widow Ibarra, her fon, and company, 4to. with maps. voyage was performed by the frigate Sancta Maria de la Cabeza, commanded by captain Antonio de Cordova; and its objects were, to excrcife the young officers of the marines, to verify anterior obfervations in the neighbourhood of the Straits of Magellan, and to take a chart of the coats, in which the errors caufed by the different names, which different navigators have given to the fame place, fhould be pointed out and rectified. This ufeful plan has been executed in a great degree; and a nomenclature prefixed gives the fynonymous names of all the ports, gulfs, promontories, rivers, ifles, &c. which have been vifited in this voyage.

APP. VOL. V. NEW ARR.

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In the Second Part, the author gives an abftract of all the preceding voyages, beginning with that of Magellan, concerning which a manufcript journal has been procured from the archives, written by a companion of Magellan, called Francifco Alvo, far fuperior to the falfe or defective accounts of Pigafetta or Barbofa. This work is well executed, and does honour to the prefent ftate of Spanish literature.

Atlas, &c. A Maritime Atlas of Spain. Madrid, large folio. This work, interefting to geography and navigation, is executed by the orders of his catholic majefty. The coafts of Spain, and thofe of Africa to Cape Verd, occupy thirty charts, defigned with the greatest exactness, and engraven in a fuperior ftyle. The explanations form a feparate volume. Price of the whole feventeen piaftres.

Memorias, &c. Inftructive, ufeful, and curious Memoirs on Agriculture, Commerce, Induftry, and Economy. Madrid, 8vo. This collection has already extended to the twelfth volume, and may be regarded as truly valuable. The prefent volume contains, 1. Reflections on the formation and diftribution of riches; 2. An eflay on the liberty of commerce and industry; 3. A memoir on different articles of commerce and arts, as cochineal, English varnish, Ruffia leather, &c. 4. A treatise on diamonds and pearls; 5. Elements of politics, &c.

GERMANY.

Gefchichte Kaifer Friedrich des Zweiten, the History of the Emperor Frederic II. Zullichaw, 1792, 8vo. The cha racter of this prince is painted with judgment; the historical part is faithfully and clearly detailed. The difputes of Frederic with Rome and Milan, the croifade, the war of Lombardy, are the principal features of this history.

Algembine, &c. A general Geography of the Towns and Villages of Germany. Erfurt, 2 vols. Svo. This work oughtto be the pocket companion of travellers in Germany. It gives, in alphabetical order, the pofition and defcription of all the villages, of the cattles and houfes of the nobility and gentry, and of the objects which may intereft curiofity or commerce.

Eleonore Koeniginn von Frankreich, &c. Eleonora queen. of France, or the Hiftory of the fecond Crufade, by Chemnitz, Hamburgh, 2 vols, 8vo. Romances of chivalry are still in fahion in Germany; and the prefent is written in fuch mannef as to be read with attention in all countries. A particu larity which diftinguishes this romance is, that the moit interefting fcenes are given in dialogue, as in the Queen of Norway, by Mr. Kotzbue; a manner which enlivens the action, and places it almoft before our eyes.

Das

Das Zanberfchloos, &c. The enchanted Cafile, or the Hiftory of Count Tunger, by the Baron de Kuigge. Hanover, 1791, 8vo. The author's kill in tracing characters is well known, and the plan of this work furnishes him with frequent occafions of exercifing it. In travelling he meets with a club of originals, and finds that their chief fearch is after the marvellous. He then hears of the enchanted castle, vifits it, and fees miracles, but which are all naturally explained at the close.

Wienner Zeitschrift, the Vienna Journal, by Profeffor Hoffman, first year. Vienna, 1792, 8vo. The profefled tendency of this work is to oppofe a powerful barrier to the progrefs of philofophy, which threatens the deftruction of empires. According to Mr. Hoffmann, it is the inconfiderate philanthropy of fome modern authors, and the knowledge fpread without reftraint among the people, which will caufe the misfortunes of Europe. Upon this principle he blames the too great liberty of the prefs under the emperor Jofeph II. and juftifies the reftraints impofed by his fucceffor. He copies the mandate of Leopold II. on this fubject, and adds an ample commentary: he gives a lift of the books already prohibited at Vienna; and praises the prudence of Frederic of Pruffia, who preferred, as he fays, fuperftition itself to philofophy among the people.

A French tranflation of the Baron Kuigge's Peter Claus, or the German Gil Blas, has appeared, which will contribute to fpread the fame of that ingenious work.

The third and lat volume of Mr. Bartels's Briefe ueber Calabrien und Sicilien, or, Letters on Calabria and Sicily, has appeared at Gottingen, 8vo. Not contented with having ex amined thefe countries with his own eyes, the author has eftablished a correspondence with their chief literati, and has thus gained excellent information. The population of Sicily is ftill only reckoned at 1,176,615; the number found in the year 1748 Agriculture is in a very low condition, the land being divided among a few proprietors, and the people having no thare. The taxes are extremely high: but the government is now endeavouring to remedy thefe evils, in order to prevent an explosion, which might prove the more violent, as its appearance has been long ftifled by external caufes.

Gefchichte der Schiffarths kunde, &c. the History of the Art of Navigation among the Nations of Antiquity, by Mr. Berghaus, Leipfig, 2 vols. large 8vo. with a map and twelve plates. This work was fhewn in manufcript to many of the chief German literati, who communicated obfervations. It is a production of great merit.

Gemoehlde, &c. Domeftic Scenes to form the Heart of young People, by Mrs. Ludwig, Leipac, 4 vols. 8vo. The

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