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André (Bernard), his account of
Perkin Warbeck, cxxi. 205; his
merits as an historian, 222
André (John, 1751-1780), story of
his being jilted by Miss Sneyd,
cxxvi. 462

Andrews (Dr.), his recent researches

in chemical science, cxxxiii. 161
Andronicus II. (Palæologus the Elder,
Emperor of Constantinople, 1260-
1322), his quarrel with Athana-
sius, cxxi. 482
Angarville (Richard, alias de Bury,
Bishop of Durham 1287-1345),
his book collections, cxxxix. 14
Angel, use of the word, by Shak-
speare, cxxx. 97, 98
Angelico (Fra Giovanni da Fiesole,
1387-1454), character of his
paintings, cxxii. 97

Angelo (Michael de Buonarotti,
1474-1564). See Michael Angelo
Anglesea, etymology of, cxi. 361
Anglican Rubric. See Rubric, An-
glican

Anglican Synod, proposal of, for Sep-

tember 24, 1867, cxxvi. 121;
doubtful advantage of the scheme,
123

Anglo-Saxons, the phrase criticised,
cxxi. 37; M. Taine's description of,
295, 296

influence of Northern cos-
tumes on, cxl. 251, 254; their
meagre literature, 255
Angus (or Forfar), County of, cxx.
309; interest attached to, ib.; in-
dustrial revolution in, 310; early
accounts of, ib.; four natural di-
visions of, 311; the Braes of
Angus, ib.; Strath Mohr, Sidlaw,
and the maritime district from
Gowryburn to the Northesk, 312;
geology of, 313; the Forfarshire
Fishbed, 314; supposed Druidical
remains, 315; ancient human ha-
bitations, 316; early fortalices, ib.;
Roman antiquities, 317; sculp-
tured stones, ib.; Cathedral Church

of Brechin, 318; history of the
town of Forfar, 319; the borough
of Montrose, 320; Abbey of Ar-
broath, ib.; legendary notice of
Dundee, 321; condition of, in the
time of Bruce, 323; the battle of
Harlaw, 324; lords of the soil in,
326; Norman and foreign pro-
prietors, ib.; effects of the Refor-
mation in, 327; scholars exiled
from, 329; condition of, under the
Covenanters, 330; fines imposed by
Cromwell on the gentry of, 331;
tranquil during the Restoration,
ib.; occasional Highland raids in,
ib.; effects of the Revolution,
332; confiscations after the two
Rebellions, 333, 334; industrial
history of, 335; linen trade with
the Low Countries, 336; spinning-
mills in, 339; architectural fea-
tures of, 344
Animals, acclimatisation of, cxi. 161;

scientific value of menageries,
162; rare additions to domesticated
animals since the Christian era,
163; primary objects of the Zoolo-
gical Society, ib.; the Societé
d'Acclimatation, ib.; the vivaria at
Paris, 164; importation of foreign
deer to England, 165; and of
elands, 167, 169; the koodoo, ib.;
the spring-bok, 170; the hippopo-
tamus, 174; chimpanzees, 177;
successful introduction of giraffes,
179; death of bisons from pleuro-
pneumonia, 180; acclimatisable
birds, 181; gallinaceous varieties,
183; the black-necked swan, 184;
varieties of geese, 186; the sala-
mander at Amsterdam, 187; pre-
sent infancy of domestication as a
science, 188

belief in creation of, from
mineral sources, cxxv. 389

intermixture of, during the
Quaternary period of geology,
cxxxii. 445

faculty of reason among the

higher grades of, cxxxiii. 172; their sense of humour, ib. ; qualities shared by man, ib. ; borderland between reason and instinct, 173 Animals, structural identity of, with man, cxxxiv. 197; physical differences, 201; emotions shared in common, 209; their faculty of imitation, 210; other intellectual qualities of, ib. (see Man); theory of sexual selection, 229, 234 Animal life, forms of. See Zoology Animism, supposed primitive belief in, cxxxix. 435

Anjou, publications respecting,cxxvii. 77; traditions of the English occupation, ib.; etymology of the word, 79; prehistoric monuments, ib.; the dolmen of Bagneux, 80; conquered by the Romans, 81; their colony Egada, ib.; Christianity introduced, 82; monastic system in, 83; conquered by Chilperic the Frank, ib.; fragmentary knowledge of, under his successors, 84; the dowry of Charlemagne's sister, Bertha, ib.; creation of hereditary countships, 85; ravages of the Norsemen, 86; their evacuation of Angers, ib. ; their colony in Anjou, ib.; Ingelgerian Counts of, 'beyond the Maine,' 87; Foulques II., ib.; Wars of Foulques Nerra, ib., 88; Geoffrey Martel, ib.; relations with Rome, ib.; rise of Benedictine convents, 89; monks of St. Maur, ib.; Abbey of Fontevrault, 90; Foulques V., ib.; his son Geoffrey, ib.; secured by treaty to Henry IL, ib.; his government, 91; relations of Richard I. with, 92; siege of Angers, ib.; struggle between feudalism and monarchy, 93; Louis IX. and his brother Charles, ib.; glories of the house of Anjou-Sicily, 94; the Duke Réné, 95; later royal dukes of Anjou, 96; wars of religion in, 97; the Reformation in, ib., 98;

D

massacre at Monsoreau, 99; Jesuit College at La Flêche, ib.; interval of religious toleration, ib., 100; Huguenot persecutions in, 101; republican sympathies punished by the Vendean bands, ib. ; prospects of prosperity, 101, 102 Anna (Empress of Russia, 1693– 1740), her quarrel with Marshal Saxe, cxx. 519, 520; her accession, 525

Anne (Queen of England, 1664– ' 1714), her love of gossip and mystery, cxviii. 414; her critical state of health in 1713, 425; her death, 427

Earl Stanhope's History of her reign, cxxxii. 519; Jacobite acquiescence in her succession, 530; relations with Parliament, 531; conduct to the Pretender, 532; religious reaction against the Jacobites, 534; collapse of Tory policy, ib.; condition of society, 535; monied and professional classes, 537; decrease of population, 538; unfavourable conditions of life, ib.; ignorance of science, 539; weavers' strikes, 541; literary aspect of her reign, ib.; compared with present literature, 5-45; habits of authors, 548; sketches of her Court by Burnet and Lord Chesterfield, 553; epigram ascribed to, ib. note.

Anne of Cleves (Queen of Henry VIII.), Holbein's portrait of, cxxv. 436 Annenkoff (M.), his Commentary on the Franco-German War, cxxxv. 151

Ansell (G. F.), his improved safety

lamp for mines, cxxv. 559-561 Anselm (Archbishop of Canterbury, born about 1034, died 1109), his doctrine of the internal evidence of Revelation, cxiii. 485

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Antarctic Pole, theory of a continent
at, cxii. 311; discoveries of Sir
James Ross, ib.
Antelopes, adapted to English
climate, cxi. 167; the eland, ib.
'Anthropological Review,' absurd
illustration of hereditary influ-
ences in, cxxxii. 106

Antichrist. See Apocalypse ; Rénan,
M.

Antigua, prosperity of planters in,

cxv. 48

'Anti-Jacobin,' the, unequal charac-
ter of, cxxxv. 475; perplexing his-
tory of, ib.

Antioch, Church of. See Melitius
Antonello (da Messina, Italian pain-

ter, 1414-1493), cxxxv. 140; intro-
duces oil-painting from Flanders,
ib.

Antoninus, the wall of, cxii. 516
Antwerp, siege of, by the Duke o
Parma, cxiii. 186

associations of Rubens with,
cxvii. 117; Dürer's account of, in
1520, 121; guild of painters at, ib.
Apes, Anthropoid, discoveries of,
cxvii. 543. See Man
Apingi, the, African tribe of, cxiv.

216

Apocalypse, the, theological study of,
in England, cxl. 485; in France
and Germany, 486; peculiar value
of, 488; internal difficulties as to
its authorship, b.; theory of M.
Rénan, 489; question of its date,
491: Nero the Antichrist, 493;
parallel passage in Tacitus, 495;
its Hebrew and anti-Pauline cha-
racter, 496; enmity in, to Rome,
497; works known to the author,
499;
the true peroration of the
New Testament, 511; the term
explained, 512; failure of, as a
prophecy, 513
Apocryphal Gospels, the, recent
works on, cxxviii. 81; neglect of,
by divines, 82; M. Douhaire's the-
ory of their origin, 84; early his-

tory of, 85; Papal condemnations
of, ib.; neglected after the thir-
teenth century, 87; Gospel of
Nicodemus, 88; collations by Fa-
bricius, ib.; later commentators
and contributors, 89; translated by
Voltaire, ib.; Dr. Thilo's Codes, ib.;
Protevangelium of James, 93;
Gospel ascribed to St. Thomas, 95;
stories of the infancy of Christ, 96;
Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, 97;
the Gesta and Acta Pilati, ib.;
episode of the Descent to Hell, 98;
fragments of real tradition con-
cerning Christ, 100; probable ob-
ject of their composition, 102;
their poetic value examined, 103;
not written in the spirit of impos-
ture, ib.; animating motive of,
104; their inferiority to the Canon-
ical Gospels, 105; important dis-
crepancies of the text, 107; exag-
gerated French estimate of, ib.;
their useful purposes, ib.; Mr.
Row's sensible remarks on, '108;
their degrading picture of Christ,
ib.
Apellicon (of Teos), his alleged res-
cue of Aristotle's MSS., cxxxvii.
59 note

Apollo, Greek statue of, found at
Tegea, cxl. 169

Apollonius Pergaus (of Alexandria)

his doctrine of Epicycles, cxvi. 95
Apostolic Age, the, controversies on
Christianity in, cxxxi. 492
Appeals, Statute of (24 Hen. VIII.
c. 12), cxl. 433

Appian (2nd century), on the topo-
graphy of ancient Carthage, cxiv.
80, 91
Aquinas (Thomas,

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about 1224-

1274), his hymn Lauda Sion,'
cxxxvi. 284

Arabia, scanty geographical know-
ledge of, cxii. 319

traditional division of the
population, cxvi. 349; stringency
of the family bond, 351; dethrone-

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ment of the Ommeiades, 356; the Persian invasion, ib.; Arab rule in Africa, 357

Arabia, physical features of, cxxii.

489; peculiarity of uplands, 491; snakes in, 493; the Bedouins, ib. ; 494; the settled population, ib.; 496; Arabs of the interior, 497 ; their supposed fitness for civilisation, 498; the Wahabees, ib.; religious condition of the Arabs, 499; star-worship of the Solibah tribe, 500, 501; contradictory accounts, ib.; the 'Biadeeyah' sect, 502; ancient Sabæan worship, 503; theory of Monotheism in, 504; religious revival in the last century, 505; cholera in 1854 at Nejed, 513

sudden importance of, after the death of Mahomet, cxxiv. 1; preparation for his mission, 2; perfection of the language, ib.; animosity of tribes, 3; the Yemenites and Maadites, 4; Himyarite language, ib.; ancient commerce, 5; caravans, ib. 7; temple of the Caaba, 8; obscure heretical sects in, 13; unpopularity of Christian doctrines, ib.; idolatrous worship in, 25; duties of hospitality, 26; destruction of the Jews, 38-41; feebleness of Islamism in, 47

piracies in the Persian Gulf in 1809, cxxv. 8; Egyptian invasion of Nejed, 9; British policy respecting, 11. See Wahabees

probably once the home of the Ethiopians, cxxxv. 97; ancient stone-implements in, 102

15

ancient libraries in, cxxxix.

Arab horses, compared with English racers, cxx. 124-126; superiority of Barbs over, 130 note; earliest introduction of, into England, 133-138; popularity of, in England during the last century, 141

Arab horses, native neglect of, for useful purposes, cxxxviii.430; their crossing with indigenous breeds, 444; Nejed horses, 447; royal stud at Riad, ib.; native horsemanship, 448

Arago (Dominique François, b. 1786), his estimate of the number of comets, cxl. 399 Aral, Sea of, question of its exist

ence in the 13th century, cxxxv. 5, 11

Ararat, Mount, ascents of, cxxx. 339

Arbroath (Angus), Benedictine Ab

bey of, cxx. 320, 321; description of the battle of, in 1445-6, 324

Arc (Jeanne de, 1410-1431), her patriotism not understood by her countrymen, cxix. 531

M. Guizot's treatment of the episode, cxl. 217 Archæology, prehistoric, recent study of, cxxxii. 440; prominent questions suggested, ib.; classifications of periods, 441; 'ages' of bronze, etc., not strict chronological divisions, 442; the Paleolithic uge, 443 (see Geology); views of French archæologists on the antiquity of man, ib.; drift-deposits. and bone-caves, 447-454; M. Lartet's Quaternary system criticised, 445; cave-bears, 456; Quaternary cave-dwellers, 459 (see Man); the Neolithic age, 463; polished stone-axes, ib.; remains of tumuli, 465; the Bronze Age, 467-477; the Iron Age, ib.; evidences of, regarding mankind, 479; questions left for ethnology,

ib. Architecture (Greek), Mr. Fergusson's doctrine of definite proportions, cxvi. 485 Architecture, eclectic system of, in England, exv. 542; causes of modern inferiority, 513

Architecture, commencement of the
Renaissance era, cxviii. 72; Gothic
imitations in England, 73; the
Gothic style in Italy, Spain, and
France, 90; mania in England for
the Greek style of, 92; the Italian
style, 98; question of domestic,

100

effects of exigencies of
weather on, cxxxix. 445

altered laws of proportion in,

cxl. 188
Archons, chronology of, at Athens,
cxxxii. 172

Arctic regions, theory of a circum-
polar sea, cxii. 309; possible ac-
cess to, east of Spitzbergen, ib.;
voyage of Dr. Kane, 311

weapons used by natives of,
cxxxii. 453

Arctic Seas, influence of, on deep-
sea temperature of the Atlantic,
CXXXV. 461

Arculfus, his narrative of his visit to

Jerusalem in 680, cxii. 448
Aretino (Leonard, 1370-1443), his
plagiarism from Procopius, cxxiv.

357

Arezzo (Thomas, Cardinal, 1756-

1832), his interview with Napo-
leon in 1806, cxxviii. 482
Argenson (Marquis d'), Journal and
Letters of, published by M. Rath-
ery, cxxv. 470; his character, 471
note; Foreign Minister of Louis
XV., 488; his dismissal, 503
Argyll (Archibald Campbell, Earl

of, d. 1661), his sentence and exe-
cution, cxxxix. 184 note
Arians, their unconscious services to
Christianity, cxi. 443
Aristarchus (of Samos), his system
of astronomy, cxvi. 94
Aristocracy, the mainstay of Govern-
ment in England from 1688 to
1832, cxxv. 580

Aristophanes (about B.C. 444-380),
on the effects of bad on good
money, cxxiii. 90 note

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his remark on hereditary
qualities in families, cxxxii. 125

unsuitable to English trans-
lation, cxxxiv. 308; his virtual
codification of Plato, 336

question of his un-Greek
characteristics, cxxxvi. 518; his
early life, 519; studies under Plato,
ib.; at the Court of Hermeias, 521;
friendship of Alexander, ib.; ex-
pelled from Athens, 525; his death
and will, ib.; his detractors, ib.;
fate of his library and MSS., 526;
the present text, 530; catalogue
of Diogenes Laertius, ib.; lost dia-
logues of, 531; his philosophy
wasted by the Peripatetics, ib.;
edition of Andronicus, 532; state-
ments of Porphyry, 533; question
of his Exoteric Discourses,' 534;
anecdote by Aulus Gellius, 535;
dryness of his logical treatises,
537, 539; the Categories,' ib.;
modern terms derived from his
philosophy, 541; his treatise On
Interpretation,' 542; his dis-
covery of the syllogism, 545; his

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