Arms kept his head and his title after of Guillim's "Displaie of Heraldry,” King Charles's head had fallen, after published in 1611, wherein the writer the name 66 King's Bench" had been observes: "How difficult a thing it is changed, even after the word " king- to produce forme out of things shapedom" had been blotted out of the less and deformed, and to prescribe Republican dictionary. Cromwell, in- limits to things confused, there is deed, like most parvenus, loved pomp none but may easily perceive, if he and finery; his pageants are said to shall take but a slight view of the have surpassed those of his royal pred-chaos-like contemplation of things, not ecessor in splendor and costliness, and we doubt not that he kept the heralds hard at work.

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only diverse but repugnant in nature, hitherto incorporated in the generous profession of Heraldry as the formes of the pure celestial bodies, mixt with grosse terrestrials; earthly animals with watery; savage beasts with tame; whole-footed beasts with divided; reptiles with things gressible; fowles of

It was natural that in the days when the shield was meant for use as well as for ornament, when the crest was worn on the helmet instead of on the livery buttons, and when the family motto was a war-cry, the study of heraldry prey with home-bred; these again should have been included in the edu- with river-fowles; aery insecta with cational curriculum, and that a copious earthly; also things natural with artiliterature on the subject should have ficial; arts liberal with mechanical, ariseu. In the sixteenth century a military with rustical, and rustic with curious little book called "The Acce- civil." The author proceeds to inform dens of Armory "" was published by his intending readers that he has done Gerard Legh. This purported to be a his best "to dissolve this deformed dialogue between Gerard the Here- lump, distributing and digesting each haught and Legh the Caligat knight, particle thereof into his particular wherein, by the aid of roughly drawn rank." illustrations, the former explained to Legh, Guillim, and other early herthe latter the existing system of ar- alds waste a good deal of time and inmory. In the preface Legh divides the genuity in ascribing meanings to the ungentle into three unequal parts, as colors, metals, and animals used in follows: "The first whereof are gentle blazonry. Each color is supposed to ungentle. Such be they who will rather represent some more or less desirable swear arms than bear arms. Who of quality, such as or, wisdom, justice, negligence stop mustard-pots with their riches, and elevation of mind; argent, fathers' pedigrees. The second sort chastity, charity, and a clear conare ungentle gentlemen, who being en- science; azure, a goodly disposition; hanced to honors by their fathers, yet gules, strength; sable, constancy, cannot they keep so much money from divine doctrine, and sorrow for the the dice as to make worshipful obse- loss of friends; vert, joy, love, and quies for the said fathers, with any point of armory. . . Most of these desire the title of worship, but none do work the deed that appertaineth thereto. The third sort, and worst of all, are neither gentle, ungentle, nor ungentle gentle, but very stubble curs, and be neither doers, sufferers, nor well-speakers of honors token."

Even as late as the seventeenth century the science of heraldry seems to have been in a state of some confusion, if we may judge from the address to the courteous reader at the beginning

gladness; and purpure, jurisdiction. It is curious that the poets should have adopted two of the heraldic colors to the exclusion of the other five. They sing of azure skies but not of gules sunsets, while their ladies' tresses are often sable but never or. Mr. Swinburne, if we remember right, once clothed a heroine in ณ "robe of vert." The use of poctical figures, and similes drawn from the terms used in heraldry has gone out of fashion to a great extent with the decline of popular interest in the subject. One fine ex

ample, however, occurs in the story of a horse for Trotter. In the reign of

Enid in the "Idylls of the King," where the poet describes how Enid and Geraint remained:

Henry VIII. family arms began to assume a more complicated and elaborate character, insomuch that some of them have been compared to a garri son well stocked with fish, flesh, and fowl. The adoption of a florid style of armory was followed, as Bontell says, by the substitution of pictorial representations, often of a most frivolous and unintelligible description, for the simple and dignified insignia of true

The heraldic fauna is chiefly remark- | heraldry. The same writer describes a able for the large number of chimerical animals that it contains. The predilection of heralds for such creatures as dragons, griffins, and unicorns may perhaps be explained by the fact that it is sometimes convenient to be unable to compare portraits with originals. There is an old story of a provincial heraldic painter who, on his first visit to London, was taken to see the lions in the Tower.

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"What! tell me those are lions," he exclaimed indignantly. Why, I've painted lions rampant, passant, couchant, and statant for the last twenty years, and I should hope I know better than to believe that those are lions.'

grant of arms made to a family named Tellow in 1760, which, with thirteen other figures, included the representation of a book duly clasped and ornamented, having on it a silver penny upon which was written the Lord's Prayer, while above the book hovered a dove with a crow-quill in its beak. This was to commemorate one of the family having written the Lord's Prayer with a crow-quill in the compass of a silver penny!

In the department of family mottoes there is, perhaps, more scope for the exercise of heraldic humor than in any other branch of the art. Mottoes are believed to owe their origin either to One of the humors of heraldry is to war or to religion, that is, to pious be found in the rule that a lion is only | ejaculations or to battle-cries. Each a lion when he is rampant; in any country had its national war-cry, and other attitude he is a leopard. Most of each leader urged on his forces by the the qualities represented by the ani- shout of his own house. The old Irish mals are obvious enough, such as war-whoop was "A boo!" from which strength and courage by the lion, pa- arise the "Crom a boo!" of the Earls tience by the ass, and deliberation by of Leinster, and the "Butler a boo ! " the snail, but others are a trifle far of the Butler family. Possibly the fetched, as politeness by the crane, derivation of that mysterious reproach, policy by the goat, and skill in music" He can't say boo to a goose," may be by the hart. Some of the heraldic found in the Irish battle-cry. monsters are monstrous indeed. Few earliest known instance of a motto is families would care to bear upon their the Crede Beronti on a seal of Sir John shield the Wonderful Pig of the Ocean, de Byron appended to a deed dated the or the Falcon-fish with a hound's ear, twenty-first year of the reign of Edstill less the Scarlet Beast of the Bot-ward I., but the use of mottoes did not tomless Pit.

Canting arms, or, as they are sometimes called, allusive arms, have always been popular, and this is not surprising when they are so simple and appropriate as, for instance, three whelk-shells for Shelley, a rabbit for Warrender, three trumpets for Call, or

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become general until the reign of Edward III. Family mottoes have been divided into three classes, the sentimental, the enigmatical, and the emblematical. Examples of the first class, which may be subdivided into the religious and the patriotic, are to be found in such irreproachable decla

rations as Spes mea in Deo, "My hope | the family arms, and Lord Cholmondeis in God," or Vincit amor patriæ, ley's Cassis tutissima virtus, "Virtue "Love of country couquers." Of the the safest helmet," to the helmets on enigmatical motto, the Duke of Bridge- his shield. The punning mottoes are water's Sic donec, "Thus until," and often as appropriate as they are epithe "Strike Dakyns; the Devil's in grammatic, witness the Templa quam the hempe," of the Dakyns family, dilecta, "How beloved are thy temmay be cited as fair specimens. ples," of the Temple family, the Fare, The emblematical mottoes usually fac, "Speak, act," of the Fairfaxes, contain an allusion, punning or serious, the Quod dixi dixi, "What I have said, to the arms, crest, or name of the fam- I have said," of the Dixies, the Je ily to which they belong. The Eger- feray ce que je diray, of the Jefferays, tons' Leoni, non sagittis fido, "I trust to the Qui s'estime petyt deviendra grand the lion, not to my arrows," refers to of the Petyts, and many others of the lion between two arrowheads on varying degrees of aptness and merit.

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