ence urged the establishment of a Permanent International Court, which should be to the nations of the world what our Supreme Court is to the States of the United States. Eight years before, at the First Peace Conference, the delegates thought that it would be perfectly impracticable to have such a court, but this conference decided unanimously that it was not only practicable but very desirable. Perhaps the greatest service which the Second Peace Conference gave to the world was its decision in favor of holding periodic conferences. The Third Hague Conference, which will probably be held about the year 1915, will develop and extend the work of the two previous ones. The holding of such periodic conferences has laid the foundation for a Parliament of the Nations, which will stand side by side with the International Court, the dream of poets and statesmen for the past three centuries. Suggestions for study Show how the people of the world meet in congresses. For what purposes? What is the benefit and significance of private international congresses? What made the Hague Conferences possible? Who called the first one? Where was it held? Why? When and why is its anniversary celebrated? What did it do for peace? For war? How did it reduce the possibility of war? What was the Dogger Bank affair? What nations were the first to arbitrate at The Hague? When did the Second Conference meet? What peace problem did it study? What was the result? What provision exists for other such meetings? What is the Hague Tribunal? What is the difference between this tribunal and the proposed Court of Arbitral Justice? Read: The Two Hague Conferences, William I. Hull. The New Peace Movement, pp. 1-33, William I. Diplomatic Memoirs, vol. II, chaps. XXXVII- The Existing Elements of a Constitution of the Swords and Ploughshares, Lucia Ames Mead. The First Hague Conference, Andrew D. White. The Two Hague Conferences, Joseph H. Choate. The Significance of the Eighteenth of May. U.S. JUNE: HOW CAN WE BE OF SERVICE IN THE WORLD FAMILY THE BOY COLUMBUS 1 ANONYMOUS ""T is a wonderful story," I hear you say, "How he struggled and worked and plead and prayed, And faced every danger undismayed, With a will that would neither break nor bend, 1 From Manual of Patriotism, compiled by Charles R. Skinner. New York State Education Department. And discovered a new world in the end But what does it teach to a boy of to-day? All the worlds are discovered, you know, of course, To become a discoverer famous; And if we'd much rather read a book So you think all the worlds are discovered now; All the lands have been charted and sailed about, Their mountains climbed, their secrets found out; All the seas have been sailed, and their currents known – To the uttermost isles the winds have blown They have carried a venturing prow? Yet there lie all about us new worlds, everywhere, There are new worlds in Science and new worlds in Art, This topic is intended to bring the pupils into direct relation to the good-will movement by showing what they can do to help in the broader sphere of world relationships. The child will readily see that being a member of a family, a school, town, state, nation, and the world, he is a citizen, and therefore has functions to perform in all these relations. These obligations make up the sum total of citizenship which it is everybody's privilege to enjoy. In performing his duties well in any one of these ways, he becomes a better citizen in all other respects. As family devotion is one of the most essential characteristics of the members of a great country, so service which exalts a nation is a contributing factor to world progress. Thus, patriotic devotion to one's country means loyalty to the great principles of humanity. Before one is an American, he is a human being. The child should be shown also that just as he has duties in the smaller community, his nation has duties and privileges and responsibilities in the family of nations. He should be shown that the wills of the citizens and their ideals determine the attitude of his own nation toward its sister nations, and that by his doing what he can toward bringing the world into a closer community of interest he is not only working to the great advantage of his own nation, but also to the advantage of the family of nations and of the people of the world themselves, who must advance together toward the desired end of a fuller life, actuated by the principles of justice. Finally, it should be pointed out that by its history and tradition the United States has a peculiar mission to perform in becoming the leader in this advancement of world civilization. Suggestions for study Describe a good citizen under any flag. What would he do in his home? In his school? In his community? For his nation? To promote a world-wide spirit of good will? 1. Universal education. - Education should be provided for every boy and girl in the world, that they may become intelligent and capable and helpful citi zens. Boys and girls can help to realize this world ideal by respect for school, by taking advantage of higher educational opportunities, and by helping others to be interested in, and to secure an education. Study Lincoln's desire for an education; Helen Keller's efforts to go through college; the eagerness to learn shown by the Japanese and the Jews. Read Mary Antin's The Promised Land (Houghton, Mifflin Co.). What new opportunities are there for vocational education; for knowing about farming? How and why does the United States Government help education? In the evening schools are many foreign-speaking people learning English. How can you help them? Reading for the teacher Studies in Foreign Education, Cloudesley Brereton. Houghton Mifflin Co. A Textbook in the History of Education, Paul Monroe. The Macmillan Co. The Educative Process, William C. Bagley. The Macmillan Co. (Chap. II, "The Function of the School"; chap. III, "The Ethical End of Education"; chap. XIV, "The Development of Ideals.") 2. Self-government. Government by the people has proved to be the most efficient and progressive form of government. To make and execute laws which will compel the energies of the peoples to bend every material and physical force to the use and comfort of mankind is the problem of a self-governed world. How can our children help? By respecting the laws which govern them - by performing some definite service, perhaps through a civic club - by studying |