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the nations in substituting international justice and peace for the old war system.

Call attention to significant statistics like the following: In 1900, of the total white population in the United States, there were twenty million of English blood, eighteen million of German blood, fourteen million of Scotch and Irish blood. Two thirds of the population of Wisconsin are of German blood. New York is the fifth German city in the world.

FEBRUARY: THE INFLUENCE OF THE UNITED STATES ON ASIA AND AFRICA

THE CABLE HYMN

JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER

Through Orient seas, o'er Afric's plain
And Asian mountains borne,
The vigor of the Northern brain

Shall nerve the world outworn.

GOOD WILL TO AMERICA1

T. IYENAGA

In truth, all the precious sentiments the past goodness of America toward us has stored in our memory, all the good will our pleasant association with you in school and in social life has cultivated, the vital interests of our commerce, in which America distinguishes herself as our best customer, and the sound and good common sense of the American people, which has never failed to make

1 From the Proceedings of the Peace Congress at Baltimore, 1911.

them understand us rightly-these form the solid foundation for our friendship with you.

The people of the United States did not isolate themselves from the rest of the world. In 1850, seventeen millions of American capital were invested in the whaling industry in the seas of Japan and China, and thousands of our sailors manned the ships. We should remember here, however, our indebtedness to Russia for this remarkable development of American industry in distant seas. Through her liberal policy toward us, citizens of the United States were guaranteed freedom on the Alaska coast under Russian protection. The northern Pacific was virtually an American possession.

From time to time American schooners were cast away on Japan's shores and received friendly consideration; likewise Japanese sailors, driven out of their route by hurricanes, were taken back to Japan by American vessels. These incidents developed an interest in the hermit nation, and finally induced our Government to attempt the opening of Japan. All attempts failed until Commodore Perry, in 1854, convinced the Japanese that the appliances of their old civilization were powerless to resist those of the new, and that her isolation shut her off from all the wonders of Western progress. This was the beginning of Japan's wonderful career, although her doors still remained closed to foreign commerce. It was reserved for another citizen of our country to open them. Through the efforts of Townsend Harris, the first United States Consul-General in Japan, the Japanese became possessed with the conviction that the world could no longer be kept at arm's length, and in 1859 signed a treaty with the United States declaring that

commerce between these two countries should thereafter be freely carried on. Thus finally terminated Japan's traditional isolation.

The United States has always maintained the attitude of an older brother toward China, and on several important occasions has rendered her valuable protection against European aggrandizement. Our action in 1900, at the time of the Boxer uprising, in preserving the integrity of China, in 1908 in remitting a part of the Boxer indemnity, and in 1904 in exerting an influence among the nations to allow China to remain neutral in the Russo-Japanese War are in line with our historical attitude toward this great Eastern nation.

We have played a different rôle in the case of the Philippine Islands. One of the results of the war with Spain in 1898-99 was to change the policy of the United States from an isolated nation of the New World, acting according to the principles enunciated in the Monroe Doctrine, to a sovereign power in the Orient. What the permanent influence of the United States on the Philippine Islands will be can only be determined by the future policy of our Government. These considerations concern each and every citizen whose responsibilities in the matter can only be determined by studying with openminded zeal the principles on which our Republic is founded and the course consistent with such foundations.

Topics for discussion

1. Influence of the United States upon Asia.

Commodore Perry opens a new chapter in history

for Japan at Nagasaki, 1854.

The United States the constant friend of China.

The United States becomes an Asiatic power by taking the Philippine Islands.

Read:

Life of Anson Burlingame, F. W. Williams.
Charles Scribner's Sons.

Matthew Calbraith Perry, William E. Griffis.
Houghton Mifflin Co.

The China Year Book, published by Routledge.
Two issues: 1912, 1913.

The United States as a World Power, chaps. VI-IX,
XVII-XIX, Archibald C. Coolidge. The Macmil-
lan Co.

Story subjects:

Commodore Perry at Nagasaki, 1854. Anson Burlingame, Yung Wing, John Hay, Wu Ting Fang, Sun Yat Sen. The Republic of China.

How did Commodore Perry, when he obtained "specimens of every sort of mechanical products, arms and machinery, with statistical and other volumes illustrating the advance of the useful arts" for his expedition to Japan, teach us the lesson of accuracy and thoroughness?

Point out the significance of Perry's instructions from our Government to confine himself to peaceful

measures.

Emphasize that only through patience, persistence, and resolve to act according to the finer feelings of courtesy, was Perry able to accomplish his mission in Japan and to gain the respect of this awakening country.

Read about China's plan to use the Boxer indemnity money for training her young men in the universities of the United States.

Show how American education influenced China to become a republic modeled after our own.

According to what principle is the United States acting in forbidding exploitation of the Philippine Islands?

Read about the two points of view with regard to the disposition of the Philippines, usually designated as the Imperialist and Anti-imperialist.

2. Influence of the United States in Asia and Africa through missionaries.

Missionaries spread democratic ideas through education.

The influence of Robert College and the American School for Girls at Constantinople on the progress of the Balkan States, especially of Bulgaria.

Read:

The Land and the Book, William McClure Thom-
son. Harper & Bros.

My Life and Times, Cyrus Hamlin. Congregational
Publishing Society.

Story subjects:

Adoniram Judson. Jessup. Bliss and Thomson in Syria. Bingham in Hawaii. Robert College in Bulgaria.

MARCH: THE UNITED STATES AND THE AMERICAN CONTINENT

ADDRESS 1

WOODROW WILSON

I want to take this occasion to say that the United States will never again seek one additional foot of ter

1 From an address given before the Southern Commercial Congress in Mobile, Alabama, October 28, 1913.

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