nies paid to young men on scholarships, monies paid for Missionary and Education purposes, monies paid to Commissioners to the General Assembly; and for all contingencies-every item to be separately and distinctly stated, and whatever else may be necessary in the opinion of said Board of Trustees, to the giving of a full and particular exhibition of the funds, income, and expenditures of this General Assembly.

The report of the committee, on the subject of Lotteries, which was laid on the table, was taken up and adopted, and is as follows, viz.

That, although so often sanctioned by Legislative acts; although the proceeds of lotteries have not unfrequently been appropriated to benevolent and religious objects; although many wise and good men have in periods past, by their participation or agency, given countenance to lotteries, yet your committee cannot view them in any other light than that of legal ized gambling.

It would require volumes to record all the evils resulting from this system of predatory speculation. It adds nothing to the wealth of the community. It too often takes from the uninformed poor the property obtained by labour and skill, and transfers the same without the least equivalent, into the hands of the idle and unworthy. It thus becomes the means of introducing and extending habits of gambling in all forms.-Hundreds of families yearly are reduced to dependence and beggary, and not unfrequently its deluded victims terminate their miserable existence in this world by suicide.

Contemplating this multitude of evils to individuals, to families, and to the community at large, your committee beg leave to submit the following resolutions.

1. Resolved, That in the opinion of this General Assembly, all lotteries should be discountenanced by every professed member of the Presbyterian church, as immoral in their nature, and ruinous in their effects upon individual character and the publick welfare.

2. Resolved, That the purchase and sale of lottery tickets should be avoided by every member of our church, even when the professed object of the lottery may be praiseworthy; inasmuch as it is not allowable to do evil that good may

come.

3. That all the Presbyteries under the care of the General Assembly be, and they hereby are, recommended to take order on the subject of lottery gambling, to press the consideration of it and its attendant evils, upon ministers and sessions; and to adopt such plans of operation, as may free the church from all participation

VOL. VIII. Ch. Adv.

in this sin, enlighten, arouse, and direct publick opinion, and save our country from this and every other species of gambling.

The report of the committee on Psalmody which was laid on the table was taken up, when it was resolved that the book of Psalms and Hymns, with the alterations and additions submitted by the committee be approved by the Assembly, and its use in the worship of God be authorized in all the churches under their care.

Resolved, That the Rev. Ezra S. Ely, D. D. be appointed to secure the copyright of said book to the Trustees of the General Assembly.

Resolved, That the printing and pub. lishing the said book of Psalms and Hymns be committed to the same committee who prepared and corrected it, with powers in regard to the printing and publication; and that Mr. Solomon Allen be added to the committee, and that Dr. Green be chairman.

And whereas an edition was published by the permission of the committee, by a bookseller in Princeton, previous to the making of the alterations and additions now to be introduced; Resolved, that this subject be referred to the committee of publication, to adopt such measures in relation to said edition as to them may seem best.

The minutes of the last session were read.

Dr. Dickey, Mr. Patrick, and Mr. Johnston obtained leave of absence.

Overture, No. XII., viz. an application from the Presbytery of Cincinnati in relation to the publication in the Western country, of the Assembly's book of Psalms and Hymns, was read and committed to the committee of publication. Resolved, that said committee have full power to make such contract or contracts for the publication of the book as they may deem expedient.

This Overture also contained a request for permission to publish an edition of the Confession of Faith. On this part of the Overture it was resolved that the Rev. Joshua L. Wilson, D. D. Rev. Robert H. Bishop, D. D. and Rev. Elijah Slack be appointed a standing committee of Publication in the bounds of the Synod of Cincinnati, and said committee are referred for direction on the subject of their appointment to the printed Minutes of 1821, page twelve.

The committee appointed to draught a letter to the Synod of Ulster, reported a letter which was adopted, and ordered to be signed by the Moderator and Permanent Clerk, and transmitted by the Stated Clerk to the Synod of Ulster.

Resolved, That it be recommended to 3 X

Diew of Publick Affairs.

EUROPE.

Liverpool papers to the 27th of August, containing Paris dates to the 16th of that month, are the latest which, so far as we know, have reached this country at the time

BRITAIN. The elections to the new parliament, consequent on the accession to the throne of the present monarch, are said not to be favourable to the Duke of Welling.

ton's administration. There were 126 new members elected to the House of Commons from England and Wales. It is calculated that there will not be more than nine or ten Roman Catholick members in the new parliament. But it cannot be certainly known, till the meeting of parliament, what will be the state of parties, or what arrangements will be made in regard to the ministry. Meetings have been held in almost every large town, both of England and Scotland, to express the popular gratification, at the recent revolution in France in favour of free government. Contributions to the amount, it is said, of three millions of francs, have been made for the wounded, and the families of those who lost their lives in the conflict with the royal troops in Paris, on the memorable 27th, 28th, and 29th of July-The meeting in Edinburgh forbore to recommend contributions, in connexion with an expression of their approbation of the revolution, under the impression that the two objects ought to be kept distinct. The Quakers had addressed the king and queen separately; and their deputation and addresses had been graciously received and kindly answered. Their majesties are said to have dispensed with a considerable part of the former court-etiquette, by which royalty received adulation and was kept at a distance from the people-their popularity has of course gained much by this change. It is fortunate for England that before the late revolution in France, the present reigning sovereigns had shown a disposition to come nearer to their subjects than their predecessors had done; inasmuch as their doing it now will appear to be the effect of choice, and not of necessity-a necessity which will be felt by every crowned head in Europe, and to which all must yield, or do worse. The king of France, with the duke and duchess of Angouleme, the duchess of Berri, with her children, marshal Marmont, the duke of Ragusa, with their several suites, arrived at Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, on the 17th of August. They came over from the opposite coast of France, (port of Cherbourgh) in two American vessels, chartered for the purpose-the Great Britain and the Charles Carroll. They were received without much indication either of displeasure or gratification. The British government, on being sounded on the subject, refused to receive the French ex-king in any other character than that of a private individual; and as such he had proceeded, with his attendants, on the 23d of August, to Lulworth Castle, where the party were to take up their residence during their stay in Britain. The prospect of a productive harvest in England was uncommonly promising; the price of grain had declined, and business in some districts was reviving and affording a degree of relief to the poor-The most important item of intelligence for us from Britain is, that our minister, Mr. M'Lane, has effected an arrangement, by which the British ports in the West Indies are to be opened to our vessels, on advantageous terms. A treaty to this effect, is said to have been brought over in the last packet from Liverpool.

FRANCE. We last month brought down the narrative of the manner in which the late revolution in France originated and was conducted, till Saturday the 31st of July. We are now to continue our chronicle; but events of great moment have followed each other in such quick succession during the last month, that our notice of them must be brief and summary, and some of the less important we shall scarcely be able to mention. On Sunday, the 1st of August, all hope of conquering Paris by the royal troops, which had been fondly cherished till the preceding day, was abandoned, and the king and royal family, with a number of his attached friends and adherents, departed from St. Cloud (fifteen miles from Paris) for Rambouillet, distant about thirty miles to the west of the capital. A military corps of 15,000 men attended the royal party at starting; but was greatly diminished by desertion, before the arrival at Rambouillet in the evening. Here, on the next day, (August 2d) commissioners, sent for the purpose from Paris, entered into a negotiation with the king; the result of which was, that both he and the Dauphin abdicated the crown, in favour of the Duke of Bordeaux, son of the Duchess of Berri, and grandson of the king-a boy in his eighth year, and therefore not of age to have done any thing offensive or unpopular, and whose father, while living, had been the most popular man of the whole Bourbon family. The commissioners stipulated to pay the king four millions of francs, and caused one million to be put immediately at his disposal. But while they were taking measures to convey to him the other three millions, they found that the arrival of 15,000 more troops, who seemed inclined to adhere to him, had disposed him to depart from his engagements, and actually to refuse to deliver up the crown jewels, which he had carried away, and which were of immense value. When the news of this bad faith of the king reached Paris, such was the excitement, that in a few hours 50,000 men of the national guard were on the road to Rambouillet, to reduce him to unconditional submission. When the first division of these troops was near at hand, the king confirmed his abdication, gave up the crown jewels to the commissioners,

and cast himself on them for protection. Protection was granted him, and the next morning (August 3d) he set out under a military escort for Cherbourgh. He received neither insult nor gratulation on his whole journey. His afflictive situation, it is said, caused him to weep frequently and profusely. The people treated him with cool civility, and in a few instances with compassion. They took off their hats and bowed as he passed, but showed him no other token of respect. On the whole, we think their behaviour was in a very high degree laudable and magnanimous; and indeed our reading does not furnish us with the recollection of any thing comparable to the exemplary conduct of the whole French population, both in Paris and in the country, through the whole of the national insurrection (for it has been nothing less) which has recently taken place. From Cherbourgh, as we have already stated, the king and his attendants passed over to England, where it is generally believed his residence will be only temporary. Prince Polignac, the chief adviser, as is believed, of the measures that have caused the revolution, has been apprehended in his flight; and he, with one or two of his colleagues in the late French ministry, are now in the hands of the people whom they have sought to oppress-Their destiny remains to be seen. The Prince was taken in the disguise of a servant. Who can reflect on the change of condition experienced by him and his master in two short weeks, without being impressed with the mutability of worldly distinctions, and the folly of human pride!

We now return to trace the course of the proceedings at Paris for the establishment of a new government. General La Fayette had acted as commander-in-chief of the National Guard, as well as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, from nearly the first of the revolution. He arrived in Paris on the evening of the 27th of July, and from that time appears to have been the presiding genius that directed every movement which was capable of receiving direction. He probably caused the Duke of Orleans to be proclaimed Lieutenant General of the kingdom, before any assembly of the Deputies had taken place, and obtained their ratification of the appointment, when they met on the 31st of the month. On the 2d of August he announced publickly that the Lieutenant General had appointed him the commander-in-chief of the National Guard, and that he accepted the command. The day previous to this (August 1st) the Lieutenant General issued an ordinance for wearing the tri-coloured cockade, and prohibiting any other; the day following he published two other ordinances for the relief of the printers who had suffered by the royal ordinances—he remitted their fines and discharged them from confinement.

On the 3d of August the Lieutenant General, dressed in his military uniform, escorted by the National Guard, and preceded by his family, went from his residence, the Palais Royal, to open the session of the Chambers. He was received with joyous acclamations, and delivered a speech, temperate but decisive-He condemned the measures of the late king and ministry, commended the resistance and the good conduct of the citizens, declared his attachment, from conviction and inclination, to free government, and said, "I accept beforehand all the consequences of it." He recommended the revisal of the charter, the speedy passage of some necessary laws, intimated that foreign powers, particularly England, would not interfere with their arrangements, predicted the prosperity of France under the new order of things, and informed them that the night before, at 11 o'clock, he had received from the late king and Dauphin their formal abdication of the crown in favour of the young Duke of Bordeaux, and that he had, on that morning, deposited the document in the Archives of the Chamber of Peers. About 200 Deputies were present; the speech was received with great applause, and the speaker, with his family and guards, retired, amidst the shouts and salutations of the Deputies and the populace. The Deputies adjourned immediately after the speech. They met again the next day, (August 4) at 12 o'clock, their number having increased to 250. After ballotting for some standing committees, they took up the important subject of the king's abdication. This offered matter for much discussion, which seems to have occupied the attention of the Deputies during the remainder of that day, and the whole of the day following. The great point to be decided on was, whether the throne was vacant or not; that is, whether the nomination of the Duke of Bordeaux as his successor, by the monarch who had abdicated, should be considered as valid, or whether the nation would reject the proposition altogether; and if they concluded to abide under a monarchy, (which some were for abolishing altogether) choose a king for themselves—a king who should receive his crown as the gift of the people, and not as a matter of claim, or of right, from any other source whatsoever. At the commencement of the session, (August 6) a member, by a formal motion, accused the late prime minister, Polignac, of high treason; this was received with acclamation, and referred to a committee. Then,

after a short recess, M. Berard proposed two resolutions-1st. "That the throne is vacant." 2d. "That the preamble and the following articles of the Constitutional Charter ought to be suppressed, and the whole modified in the following manner"— specifying the articles to be suppressed, and those which he proposed should be amended, and some new ones that he thought should be added. After these propositions had been discussed at considerable length, they were referred to a special committee, and the Chamber adjourned till half past eight o'clock in the evening. At that hour they met, and their first act was to vote thanks to the city of Paris, for the conduct of its inhabitants on the 27th, 28th, and 29th of July, and to invite the government to erect a monument, "to transmit to the remotest posterity the event which it is destined to commemorate." At ten o'clock the committee on the charter brought in their report, and after a short debate, it was ordered to be printed for the use of the members, and to be made the subject of discussion on the following day, at ten o'clock in the morning. At that time (August 7) the discussion accordingly took place. The debate on some of the articles was very ardent, but eventually the propositions of M. Berard, and the changes in the constitution proposed by the committee, and some others which were proposed by members during the debate, were carried, and the whole constitution, as amended and altered, was adopted by a majority of 219 against 33. It was also decided by a vote of a vast majority, that "on the acceptance of the Charter as thus modified, the Deputies call the Duke of Orleans to the throne, under the title of the King of the French." The Deputies then proceeded on foot to the Palais Royal, "to carry up the message to the Lieutenant General of the kingdom." On the 9th of August the Deputies were sworn to support the new Charter, and at two o'clock the King elect, attended by his family, appeared among them. The declaration of the Chamber of the preceding day, that the crown should be offered to the Duke of Orleans on his acceptance of the Charter, was, at his request, publickly read, and then placed in his hands. The adhesion of the Chamber of Peers was then given in, after which the king elect made the following declaration:

"Gentlemen Peers and Gentlemen Deputies-I have read with great attention the declaration of the chamber of deputies, and the act of adhesion of the chamber of peers; I have well weighed and reflected upon all its expressions. I accept, without restriction or reserve, the clauses and obligations contained in this declaration, and the title of King of the French, which it confers upon me, and I am ready to swear to its faithful observance."

The form of the oath was then handed to his Majesty; and the King, kneeling and uncovered, with his right hand elevated, pronounced in a slow but firm voice the following oath, which was heard by those outside, such was the profound silence observed by the assembly, at this solemn moment:

"In the presence of God, I swear faithfully to observe the Constitutional Charter, with the modifications expressed in the declaration-only to govern by the laws and according to the laws; to render fair and exact justice to every one according to his rights, and to act in all things with a sole view to the interests, happiness, and glory of the French people."

Loud and repeated acclamations, and salutations of the king and queen, immediately followed the taking of the oath. When silence was obtained, he ascended the throne and made a short speech. After a few words of introduction, he said

"I should greatly have desired, never to occupy the throne to which the national wish has just called me; but France, attacked in her liberties, saw the publick order in danger; the violation of the charter had shaken every thing; it was necessary to re-establish the action of the laws, and the power of doing it was vested in the Chamber of Deputies; you have done it, gentlemen; the modifications which we have just made in the charter, guarantee security for the future. France will, I trust, be happy at home, respected abroad, and the peace of Europe more firmly established." Loud plaudits and cries of "Vive le Roi" were repeated, and the king, deeply af fected, bowed to the assembly, retired, and shook hands with the peers, deputies, and citizens, who crowded round him. After having mounted his horse, the king was again surrounded by crowds of citizens, who took him by the hands, and he was frequently compelled to drop the reins. The queen, leading the young duke d'Aumal, and followed by other members of the royal family, stopped some time in the midst of the peers, deputies, and citizens, and spoke to several of them. "Be well persuaded, said she, that we have all one heart, devoted to the happiness of the French." The queen's dress was not distinguished from that of the other ladies, except by its simplicity. She wore a white dress and hat, ornamented with blue ribbons. The etiquette of courts was banished from the solemnity, which gives a king to