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22. London, 1672.

23.

John Stewart. London, 1808. 25. Lewis, Matthew Gregory. London, 1834.

27. London: Chapman and Hall, 1868. Second edition, 1869.

28. Phillippo (not Phillippe), James M., Jamaica, its past and present state': London, 1843.

29. 2 vols. London, 1803.

30. Bacon, Edgar Mayhew and Aaron, Eugene Murray, The new Jamaica.' New York: Wallbridge and Co., 1890.

32. Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier de, 'Histoire de l'Isle Espagnole, ou de S. Domingue,' etc.; 2 tomes. Paris, 17301731.

33. 3 tomes. Paris, 1744. 35. London, 1805.

36. London, 1848.

The above is as complete a list as I can find of the books required by your correspondent.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

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SHIELD IN XV CENTURY WINDOW OF THE WESTGATE, WINCHESTER (clii. 45).-In Burke's General Armory the arms-Per fess argent and gules, a cross moline counterchanged-are assigned to one of the many instances of the name Colvile; but no particular county or place is shown as connected with the bearer of these arms. C. S. C. (B/C).

AUTHOR WANTED (clii. 47). "Owd Time

he's a troublesome codger" is the last verse of God bless these poor folk,' one of Edwin Waugh's Lancashire Songs,' published in many editions of John Heywood, Manchester. I well remember a music-hall entertainer who called himself "The Shakespearean Clown." reciting this in the 'eighties with moving effect.

ALFRED WATKINS.

The Library.

The Social Mode of Restoration Comedy. By Kathleen M. Lynch. (Macmillan, for the

University of Michigan).

THE principal interest of this book lies less in the detailed study of authors such as Etherege and Congreve-though Dr. Lynch's studies in this kind are thoughtful and suggestive-than in its main argument. Connec

tion between Elizabethan drama and Restoration drama by way of successive influences from social development is what is sought to be established. The seventeenth century saw the rise perhaps we ought rather to say the recrudescence-of an artificial, exclusive society, with standards of its own, and comic possibilities of its own. The dower of this comedy opened during the Restoration period, but the growth of the plant may be traced alike in society and in drama during the period before the outbreak of the Civil War. Dr. Lynch puts clearly and well-partly by introducing contrast with Molière, partly by reference to John Palmer's Comedy of Manners 'the salient characteristic fact that this comedy is ruled by a double standard. It presents both the comedy of nature, as the Elizabethans and Molière do, and also the comedy "of true wit and perfect fashion," where the spectator finds food for laughter both in outsiders who try to ape the manners of the inner circle, and in the affectations of the inner circle itself. This circle, taking itself and its standards very seriously, adopted that French theory of love and code of lovemaking the well-known Platonic-which, with the countenance of Henrietta Maria and some consciousness of what was going on in France, obtained a real if limited hold on the English society of the day. Dr. Lynch sees, and states with ability, that for the theatre, as it followed in the wake of this movement, the first and most important novelty was the representation of individual character in relation, not to other individuals or to circumstance, but to society or class and to a social code. In this particular Fletcher is still to seek, notwithstanding his young men, carry something of the air worn by those of the Restoration; but Middleton has beginnings to show. Lynch claims for Middleton higher appreciahe nor Brome, who advances further in the tion than he has commonly received. Neither setting out of class relationships and representation of manners, touch the court world of fashion, but Brome shows us the re

Dr.

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action to these of the citizen world. Shirley

begins the true comedy of fashionable society where the individual's subservience to a prevalent notion of "form." becomes source of new comic effect. Here naturally fall chapters on court influence and on the influence behind it of D'Urfè good chapters, showing wide knowledge of what other scholars on the subject have done. Perhaps the part played by Henrietta Maria might have been

elaborated in more substantial detail. Suckling's work and its significance have been well studied. The merits and the limitations of Restoration comedy, which have so often been discussed before, are treated with freshness and judgment, and no one is likely to impugn the conclusion that "to certain limited audiences... Restoration comedy of manners will continue to appeal.. not only as a picturesque literary phenomenon of a special era, but also as an interpretation of a type of comic predicament perpetually recurring in civilized society, whenever the lives of men and women become dominated by artificial standards of social discipline."

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The book is clearly and pleasantly written, though we regret occasional lapses in style and diction. It may be allowable playfully once or twice to call the Platonic scheme of the new religion," but it is certainly a pity (because tending to weakness and confusion in language) to refer to it commonly in those terms. The word definition cannot properly be applied to a series of quotations culled from several different works, describing, and that by figure and allusion, Restoration comedy. In Restoration dramatists often made generous use of material derived from Molière's drama,' " generous " is ineptly used; and we noted another inept expression in " In The Goblins the Platonic pageant is no longer insured at its face value (last italics ours). Blemishes of which these are examples, strike us curious in a writer who evinces admiration for the wit and delicacy (qualities which depend not a little on a subtle precision) of the drama with which she has been so fruitfully occupied.

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Our Early Ancestors. By M. C. Burkitt. (Cambridge University Press. 7s. 6d. net.) MR R. BURKITT set himself here a difficult task. The cultures of Mesolithic, Neolithic or Copper Age men compose a highly complicated subject. While they offer nothing quite comparable to the enthralling interest of Paleolithic art, they can claim the importance of nearer and nearer approach to the crafts and mode of life of the Iron Age. A chronological order-except it be of the very broadest kind-cannot be attempted, for while variety of every kind increases in every direction, the detail of the material to be dealt with falls into groups of different size, which present themselves more or less separately and, on the question of their inter-relation, raise numerous and fascinating but stubborn problems. Pre-history is like history itself in that it is refractory to systematization, and can be learnt properly only by choosing some nucleus of fact and building up knowledge of further fact around it. A good, substantial nucleus for the period he deals with is what Mr. Burkitt offers, and we do not know of any other book which fulfils this office quite in the same way-which is so comprehensive

Printed and Published by the Bucks Free

the

within equally brief compass. The student who really familiarises himself with these pages will find himself equipped with fundamental ini ormation, sufficient and sufficiently various, to give solidity rapidly to new acquisition. The general reader, on whose memory close-packed detail such as this makes perhaps too heavy a demand, will find plenty of those isolated, significant points of interest which, in the absence of opportunity of field-work, make perhaps the principal charm of study of early man from books-such as the drawings of the ploughman and his oxen and plough, seen from above, as if from an aeroplane; and the account of the cave burial at Ofnet-with its skulls deposited in the two shallow pits, arranged in concentric circles, all facing towards the setting sun, necklaces about the heads of the women, and especially the old women, and one head of a child by which were found hundreds of shells crowded closely together; or, again, the description and use and the sundry occurrences of pigmy tools. We think Mr. Burkitt will be rewarded for his labours by the gratitude of many workers for many years.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUE.

MR. BERNARD HALLIDAY, of Leicester, sets out in his Catalogue No. 84 about nine hundred items-books on the Topography, Genealogy, History, and Archeology of the British Isles. Those who are in search of histories of particular families, and those who want particular parish registers may find their account in it. There are a few outstanding pieces, for instance: two runs of the Bannatyne Club publications, the better of which, 161 vols.,. of Nichols' Leicestershire,' is almost complete and is priced £145; a copy contain every engraving and with letter-press guaranteed to. perfect, (1795-1811: £80); a Transcript done in 1874 by John Eldes for W. R. Drake of a Collection of Armes of the Gentlemen of

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Devonshire, 5 Jan., 1579 (MS. Harl. 5871), the shields drawn and finely coloured by a heraldic artist (£25); and a MS. volume of 1617 containing an account of the foundation of the University of Cambridge with lists of University personages past and contemporary, and a catalogue of all the Bishops of Winchester that have been prelats of the Garter untill this present." and also 72 coats-of-arms beautifully painted (£32 10s.). Two editions of Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum that of 1846 to be had for 5 guineas, that of 1817-30, together with the History of St. Pauls, to be had for £17 10s.-and Planche's Cyclopedia of Costume (1876: £8 10s.) are also worth noting, and so is an extra-illustrated copy of Faulkner's Historical and Topographical description of Chelsea, two volumes extended to four, bound by Cobden-Sanderson and containing about 600 engravings, etc.,. nearly all from old sources (£63).

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Press, Ltd., at their Offices. High Street. Wycombe. in the County of Bucks.

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QUERIES:-No. 73, Cheapside: Façade and ornament-Frances Heywood": a natural daughter of George III Dr. Myles Cooper-Greek Refugees, 99-Mannocks, a young music-master of Katherine Howard--The Jane Barker scandal, 1858 Thackeray on Capt. Charles Morris February Feasts for the Dead Arms of St. Dunstan A Mission of St. Mael-" Sup Mon "Canning's maternal grandmother, 100-Susan Caulfield-Swevians: Swevia-Sir John Byerley -Hawksbee (Hauksbee)-Source wanted, 101. REPLIES:-Runaway Marriages: Prince of Capua and Penelope Smith, 101-The oldest Schools in England Service by assaying of wafers at Coronation Literary queries, 103 Supposed error in King's Classical and Foreign Quotations -Textual Notes on Shakespeare: Cymbeline Lighthouses owned by or leased to private persons, 104-Christopher Harcourt, 105Tavern Names of Military Origin-Early Settlers in Pennsylvania-Noads-Digby-Growers' Names for Plant Varieties-Regiments sent to Ireland, c. 1798, 106-American Memorials to English Authors Source wanted Author wanted, 107.

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THE LIBRARY:
A new Theory of Dante's
Matelda Elizabethan Proverb Lore in Lyly's
Euphues and in Pettie's Petite Pallace
Round Carlisle Cross' The Quarterly

Review.

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NOTES AND QUERIES.

INDEX TO VOLUME CLI.

THE SUBJECT INDEX to Vol. 151 (JulyDec., 1926) is now ready for issue. Orders should be sent to "NOTES AND QUERIES," 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks, England, direct or through local newsagents and booksellers. The Index is also on sale at 22, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.2.

Price, 2s. 6d. ; postage, 1d.

SETS FOR SALE.

THE following complete

Series, each of 12

volumes are in stock, and may be obtained from the Manager, Notes and Queries," 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks :SECOND SERIES (1856-1861),

bound half leather with green labels, second-hand, in excellent condition, £8 8s.

THIRD SERIES (1862-1867), bound half leather, marbled boards, in new condition. £10 10s.

THIRD SERIES (1862-1867), in various bindings, second-hand, in good condition, £5. FOURTH SERIES (1868-1873), and General Index, in various bindings, second hand, £6. FOURTH SERIES (1868-1873), bound half leather, marbled boards, second-hand, in good condition, £7 78.

FIFTH SERIES (1874-1879) bound half leather, marbled boards, second-hand, in good condition, £7 78.

SEVENTH SERIES (1886-1891), in Publisher's cloth cases, in very good condition, secondhand, and General Index in paper cover, 26 68.

ELEVENTH SERIES (1910-1915). cloth. Price 21/-; postage 6d. TWELFTH

Bound

Bound

SERIES (1916-1923) cloth. Price 21/-; postage 6d. THIRD SERIES (1862-1867) bound half leather, cloth boards, second-hand, in good condition, £7 78.

A COMPLETE SET (1849-1926)-151 volumes and 12 General Indices, second-hand, offers invited.

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NOT OTES AND QUERIES is published every Friday, at 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks (Telephone: Wycombe 306.). Subscriptions (£2 28. a year, U.S.A. $10.50, including postage, two half-yearly indexes and two cloth binding cases, or £1 15s. 4d. a year, U.S.A. $9, without binding cases) should be sent to the Manager. The London Office is at 22, Essex Street, W.C.2 (Telephone: Central 396), where the current issue is on sale. Orders for back numbers, indexes and bound volumes should be sent either to London or to Wycombe; letters for the Editor to the London Office.

Memorabilia.

IN the interesting January number of the Antiquaries Journal are a page or two which should attract attention from people who are not antiquaries. M. Salomon Reinach is writing of the discoveries at Glozel, Allier. On ground belonging to a family named Fradin, a youthful Fradin discovered a curiously marked brick. Neighbours to whom he showed it encouraged him to further digging and in course of time he found an oval brick-paved building, and a great number of objects, mostly unbroken, deposited in clay. A claim that these were pre-historic was at first loudly derided; they were said to be no more than remains of coarse Roman pottery. But better examination has reversed this verdict, and M. Reinach in pronouncing the finds to be genuine and Neo-lithic is now able to say that scepticism has come to be out of date. The most striking point about the find is the presence of a large number of clay tablets with alphabetiform signs incised upon them, of which there are about ninety varieties. Between thirty and forty years ago Estacio da Veiga and then Piette put forward a theory that the Phoenicians had not actually invented their script, but had only selected an alphabet from earlier scripts belonging to the late Palaeolithic age and the western Mediterranean. The theory at the time was scouted as extravagant, but our author bids us observe that its truth is now very nearly proven. Its final establishment would involve the re-construction of a good portion of pre-History.

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ONE of the most interesting exhibitions ever

offered to the public at the British Museum is now on view there in the King's Library-Greek types, from the bits of Greek inserted by Fust and Schoeffer in Cicero's 'Paradoxa' which they printed in 1465 to specimens of the New Hellenic recently designed on behalf of the Council of the Hellenic Society by Mr. V. Scholderer. It is well-known how, following handwriting of the period, Aldus tangled up Greek printing in endless ligatures and contractions and how the printers of the later eighteenth century emancipated themselves therefrom, using Porson's Greek script as model. It is now said that this lacks dignity and strength, and the New Hellenic" is designed to remedy the defect. The type, however, is not yet finally settled in every detail; in fact, suggestion is invited and should be sent to Mr. Scholderer at the British Museum.

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WE have received the just-published Catalogue of those prints and drawings in the Bermondsey Public Libraries which illustrate Bermondsey Past and Present. It may be remembered that the Borough Council some three years ago succeeded in securing all that portion of the Gardner collection of London Topography which related to Bermondsey. As students of these matters know Mr. Gardner not only collected all the usual items of topographical material but also employed competent artists to make water-colour drawings of buildings about to be demolished and so created what are now the only existing records of many buildings and of streets which have disappeared. One of the most interesting series of plans, drawings, etc., is that relating to the Prior of Lewes's hostelry, once opposite St. Olave's Church; another is that of sundry mansions and dwelling houses, among them the one named Jamaica House, in Cherry Garden Street, doubtfully said to have been a residence of Oliver Cromwell; but the series which must claim most attention is that of over fifty items, illustrating the once majestic and now vanished Bermondsey Abbey. Of the artists whose work is here those most abundantly represented are J. C. Buckler; J. P. Elmslie; R. J. Angel; and G. Yates. The Catalogue, a good piece of work, contains a few illustrations. The Curator in his Preface observes that the collection ranges from sixteenth century items down to aerial photographs taken during the last few weeks.

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