is

JOHN LILBURNE: XVII CENTURY MEDAL (clii. 28).-This medal described in vol. i., pp. 385, 386, of Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the death of George II.,' by E. Hawkins, A. W. Franks, and H. A. Grueber. The legend on the obverse there given differs slightly from that in the query. It has "Lilborne," not "Lilbourne”; "wel," not well; and no stop after Oct. On the reverse it has "Towley,' not Townley. The name of this juryman appears in State Trials,' iv. col. 1319, as Tooley. The medal is said to be. somewhat rare, "" and examples are mentioned in silver, copper, and copper gilt. It is "in very low relief and of tolerable workmanship, but not equal to generality of the medals by Thomas Simon,

to whom it has been attributed . . This medal was struck upon his acquittal in 1649, when he was accused of high treason for libelling Cromwell and Ireton.'

For an account of .Lilburne's trial on this occasion at the Guildhall before a special commission of oyer and terminer, see vol. iv. of Cobbett's State Trials,' columns 12701470, and Sir Charles Firth's life of John Lilbourne in the 'D.N.B.':

He carried on a continuous battle with the judges, and appealed throughout to the jury,

An illustration of the medal described is given in The Medallic History of England to the Revolution,' published in 1790, and it is also noted in the Guide to the English medals exhibited in the King's Library, British Museum' (1881). Both these authorities agree that the name, as given on the medal, is " Lilborne," not Lilbourne as quoted by MR. ASKEW, and that the phrase as well as fact" should be " as wel as fact." The medal was struck in 1649 to commemorate the acquittal of Lieut.Col. John Lilbourne from the charge of treason, for which he had been tried at the

66

Guildhall, London, 24-26 Oct., 1649.

A contemporary account of the trial is contained in a book of 154 pages, printed by "Hen. Hils, in St. Thomas's, Southwark,' Theodorus Verax,' 1649, and published by i.e., Clement Walker. The frontispiece is an engraving of Col. Lilbourne above which appear engravings of both sides of the medal in question. The phrase "Of his jury who are Juges of law as wel as fact" which appears on the obverse of the medal, refers to a statement made by Col. Lilbourne himself at the trial, and which Judge Jermyn called "

A damnable doctrine when M. Lil

bourne declared the Jury were Judges of law as well as of fact."

The names on the reverse are the names

of the jury given as follows in the book:

1 Miles Petty 2 Stephen Iles

3 Abraham Smith 4 John King

5 Nicholas Murren 6 Thomas Dainty

7 Edmond Keysar 8 Edward Perkins 9 Ralph Packman 10 William Commens 11 Simon Werdon 12 Henry Tooley Although acquitted on the charge of treason, Lilbourne was for some little time afterwards kept imprisoned in the Tower, until the protestations of the populace forced his release, an order for which was signed 8 Nov., 1649, by John Bradshaw, the Regicide President of the Council.

It is interesting to note that a much smaller medal was also struck to commemorate the event, bearing only Lilbourne's head and name on the obverse, and a coat-of-arms and the date Oct. 26, 1649, on the reverse. ARCHIBALD SPARKE,

HAMILTON AND BELLOMONTE (cli. 457; clii. 49).-It is really disheartening to find this old legend cropping up again, with its guess-work genealogy, impossible names and an alleged charter bearing some resemblance to Latin. If Mr. Hamilton would read Notes and Queries,' he would at least avoid disguising "de Beaumont "" as de Bellomonte,' and giving us such a combination as William de Bellomonte de Bretville," or Walleranni, Earl of Mellent in Normandy."

(1) According to Dr. Round, the first genuine ancestor of the Hamiltons was a certain Walter Fitz Gilbert, "who first appears on the Ragman Roll' of homage (1296) (Studies in Peerage and Family

History,' p. 89).

(2) The reason why the earldom of Leicester was not inherited by the descendants of the last earl's brother is that they did not exist.

(3) Robert, last Earl of Leicester, and his brother William, were both styled Breteuil,' not de Bretville"; the name is explained in my paper on 'The Beaumont Seals in the British Museum Catalogue,' printed in N. and Q.' only a few months ago (cli. 111).

(4) The Counts of Meulan and Earls of Leicester bore as arms, not a cinquefoil but a checkered shield, as I showed in my paper

cited above.

(5) A cinquefoil ermine appears as a device on a seal of the last Earl of Leicester; see the illustration in Doyle's Official Baronage,' ii. 337. Long ago I suggested -and I am not at all sure that the suggestion was original-that it was this cinquefoil which led the Hamiltons to adopt the Earls of Leicester as eligible ancestors

REG

C.

and

EGIMENTS SENT TO IRELAND 1798 (clii. 9). In a time-soiled worn book 'Memoirs of the Different Rebellions in Ireland,' English regiments on active service are named with time and place of the numerous engagements. Unfortunately, the first page of this work is missing, thus one is unable to name or discover its authorship. Probably many Englishmen pressed into service and sent to Ireland 1797 and 1798, may have been drafted into some of the Royalist regiments of Irish names, as discontent and desertion among native soldiers is mentioned. Such rein

forcement was customary.

Exact dates when some of the English the rebellion of 1798, with lists of officers regiments were sent to Ireland to subdue and other details might be obtained from the regimental records of the English regiauthor of the Memoirs must have written ments herewith copied for reference. his recollections soon after the rebellion, as he includes in an appendix: "" A Justification of having Published This Work so soon after The Late Rebellion."

The

Executive return of the forces under the command of the honourable major-general Needham at Arklow:

REGIMENTS, ETC.

4th (or Royal Irish

division.

YEOMANRY CORPS.
Captain, Lord Wicklow.
Captain Atkins.
Captain, Earl of Mountmorris.
Captain Beauman.
Captain Knox.

Other regiments mentioned as included in the different columns: 4th, 7th and 9th Dragoon Guards, City of Cork Regt., Light Battn. 64th Regt., The Queen's Regt., York Fencibles, Canal Legion, Northumberland Fencibles, 13th Regt. Angus Highlanders, Argyleshire Fencibles, Grenadiers, Prince of Wales Fencibles.

(REV.) GEORGE NAYLOR.

Erwood Hall, Buxton.

DOWSING (cli. 305, 336, 355, 391,

429, 463; clii. 33).-Having obtained MR. ACKERMANN's agreement to what is, after all, a very elementary proposition in logic, that a single successful case of dowsing establishes dowsing as a fact, we may proceed to the next step. For on the basis of this proposition it is obvious that the sole relevant issue is this: is there on record any -case in which water (to take water-finding a typical application of dowsing) was found by the sole and exclusive intermediary of dowsing? I write in this rather pedantic manner to satisfy MR. ACKERMANN'S qualifications and reservations, which, for the rest, are commonplaces for the conscientious student of any science.

as

I may remark, parenthetically, that F. R. S. is, of course, right in saying that it is impossible to prove dowsing. But where have I used this word? I am quite content to submit to the laws of probability. In dowsing applied to water-finding it is almost impossible to work out figures along these lines; but in a case of dowsing for hidden articles (see Sir William Barrett and Theodore Besterman, The DiviningRod,' pp. 257-258) the odds against the results obtained being purely fortuitous were over 80,000,000 to 1. This is not. proof, to be sure, but it will satisfy me. F. R. S. further states that "out of a hundred haphazard trials in England fifty per cent will be found to yield water." F. R. S. is wrong that percentage should read a hundred per cent-if you have the means and

To return now to the main issue: I do not hesitate to assert that we have record not merely of one but of many a case answering to the above definition. Of these cases there are several, at the very least three (op. cit., pp. 65-102), which are recorded with such complete and circumstantial detail and with such an array of evidence that I believe no impartial and informed person can question

them. The above reference shows the num

ber of pages these cases occupy in our book, and that I cannot attempt more than the briefest summary of one of these cases. will take the first one.

I

He

Sir Henry Harben required water at Warnham Lodge, near Horsham, Sussex. (Sir Henry was a man of ample means, a director of the New River Company, more than usually familiar with the conditions of water-supply, and, of course, a sceptic.) A well-sinker sunk 90 ft.: total failure; another well-sinker sunk 200 yards away at the lowest part of the estate and met a very small spring at 55 ft.; Sir Henry was now advised to employ John Mullins, the famous dowser and contemptuously refused. obtained from London the highest engineering and geological advice: a large well was sunk to 100 ft. tunnels driven in various directions, and £1,000 spent almost total failure. As a last resort Mullins was called in, proper precautions being taken to prevent him acquiring local knowledge. Mullins correctly indicated what measure of success had been obtained in each of the existing wells; indicated three spots at the highest part of the estate and two spots elsewhere; the last two, intended for some cottages, were dug and found as predicted; Mullins further indicated, in the case of the first three spots, whether these were connected with each other, where water would be found between them and where not. These three spots were dug and ample supplies of water were found; Sir Henry then, in an admirable scientific spirit, went to the expense of testing Mullins's assertions, contrary to all geological probability, that no water would be found between two of these wells; this was done by means trenches, etc. and complete verification of of pumping, Mullins's statement was obtained (op. cit., 65-73 for full details, plan, and geological section, analysis and reports).

If it were possible to assign values to the various details of this case, the odds against all the results being fortuitous would certainly be many millions to one. And if this probability is not convincing then all the practitioners of all the sciences and occupations but those based on mathematics had better shut up shop. THEODORE BESTERMAN.

REV. JAMES COOK RICHMOND (cli. 423, 463).-I would say that a brief biographical account of him may be found on p. 355 of The Richmond Family,' published in Boston in 1897.

He was born in Providence, R.I., March 18, 1808, and died (murdered) in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., July 20, 1866. He married in Philadelphia June 4, 1835, Sarah, daughter of Henry Seaton, of Santa Cruz, W.I. She died in Newark, N.J., March 27, 1869. Mr. Richmond was graduated from Harvard University in 1828, standing second in his class. After graduation, he went to Germany and -studied at the Universities of Göttingen and Halle. He was an accomplished linguist. In 1832 he was ordained deacon and in 1833 At various priest in the Episcopal Church. times, he was rector of churches in Salem, Massachusetts, Pawtucket, R.I., and in Illinois. During the Civil War, he served as chaplain of the Second Wisconsin Regiment. Of six children, only one, the Rev. William Richmond, born Feb. 11, 1846, left

issue.

Among his publications may be mentioned A Visit to Iona in 1846,' Glasgow,' A Midsummer Day Dream,'Metacomet,' and 'The Rhode Island Cottage or a Gift for the Children of Sorrow."

ARTHUR ADAMS.

LIBERTY (cli. 424; clii. 14). A reference to the Liberties of the Borough of Shrewsbury will illustrate the meaning of the term. From time to time, by various charters, about thirty of the neighbouring villages and hamlets were included in the Liberties of Shrewsbury.' They partook of the various privileges of the Borough, as regards freedom to trade, view of frankpledge, regulation of the assize of bread and ale, liability to aids, subsidies, etc. The Domesday hundred of Shrewsbury contained only five outside places; and this hundred came in time to be called the "Liberties,' perhaps because those who dwelt within its limits enjoyed the liberties from time to time conferred upon the town. Many of

FRANKCHEYNEY:

(cli. 459; clii. 33).-There was a family of this name in Devonshire, who lived at Clyst-Gerard on the river Clyst. In Westcote's View of Devonshire' there is given a pedigree of about twelve generations, beginning with Henry Frankcheyney, Lord of Knighton, in the time of Henry III., and ending with an heiress, Elizabeth, who married John Strode of Somerset. A younger but there is no mention of such. son of this family may have settled in Dorset H. J. B. CLEMENTS.

CHAMPNEYS (cli. 422).-There were

a

number of clerical Champneys, but the only incumbents of Ogburne St. George, 1 can find in Foster's 'Index Ecclesiasticus' are Charles Champnes instituted 27 Nov., 1820, and Thomas Weldon Champnes [sic.] B.A. who was instituted 11 Feb., 1811. The latter was afterwards rector of Cottisford, Oxon, which was vacant by his death 11 Feb., 1842, and rector of Fulmer, which was also filled in 1842.

G. S. G.

"MAN OF WAX" (clii. 17).---Referring to this expression commented on in the review of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles,' Vol. x. I may say that in my boyhood I was well acquainted with this rhyme :

When we kill our pig thou shalt have the blether.

The name of the son who died in 1793 and who was buried at Christ's College, Cambridge, was Hugh.

According to Mr. S. F. Longstaffe, who resided at Norton, Stockton-on-Tees in 1887 there was a handsome and substantial monument erected in 1874 at Kealakua Bay, Sandwich Islands, near the spot where Captain Cook was killed by the natives, bearing the inscription:

In memory of the great circumnavigator, Captain James Cook, R.N.. who discovered those islands on the 18th of January, 1778 and fell near this spot on the 14th of February, 1779, this monument was erected in November A.D. 1874 by some of his fellow countrymen. H. ASKEW.

AND

WIRELESS WIR THE WEATHER (cxlvii. 338, 452; cxlviii: 52).-Commenting upon the loss of the Valerian about 18 miles off the Bermudas on Oct. 22, 1926, the Daily Journal and North Star (Newcastle-upon-Tyne) for Monday, Oct. 25, contains this statement:

The waters in which the Valerian was lost have recently been visited by a series of hurricanes, and it is curious to recall in this connexion that one of the last statements made by the late Lord Kelvin before he died was that he believed that wireless had an effect on the direction of winds. It

evidently a mistaken report that the last survivor of the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava was Trooper James Hewitt who aled at Fortrush last summer. I enclose a clipping of The Evening Chronicle, Monday, Dec. 13, 1926, Manchester, p. 5.

Numerous hearty congratulations from all country were received by the parts of the veteran Troop Sergeant-Major Edwin Hughes, the last survivor of the famous charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava 72 years ago, who celebrated his 96th birthday yesterday.

Sergeant-Major Hughes, who is drawing a pension from the Royal Patriotic Fund, is in fairly good health, and lives with his daughter in Egerton Road, Blackpool.

Born at Wrexham on December 12, 1830, he joined the Army on May 6, 1854, enlisting in the 13th Light Dragoons.

the famous charge from 4 o'clock in the mornHe states that he was on duty on the day of ing. The Light Brigade was composed of the 17th Lancers, the 13th Light Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars.

They made straight for the Russian guns

and suffered heavy losses. Early in the conflict Sergeant-Major Hughes was thrown from his horse, and consequently did not see the

end of the action.

The prevailing conditions in the British Army 70 years ago he describes as almost worse than the actual warfare. They had long. weary marches, scanty food, very little medical attention, and there was a total absence of little comforts of any kind.

FREDK. L. TAVARE. 22, Trentham Street, Pendleton, Salford.

EDMUND WHEELER, C.E. (cli. 460).— I am sorry I cannot answer the first part of the query.

Kalotrope " is a name given to a kind of geometric thaumatrope, and is a modification of the dissolving views. It was invented by a Mr. Rose. The thaumatrope is a scientific toy, illustrating the persistence of visual impressions, consisting of a card or disc with two different figures drawn upon the two sides, which are apparently combined into one when the disc is rotated rapidly; the name is also applied to a disc or cylinder bearing a series of figures which, on being rapidly rotated and viewed through a slit, produce the impression of a moving object. ALFRED SYDNEY LEWIS,