duced as frontispiece to Vol. iv. of William Hickey's Memoirs and ascribed to G. C. Chinnery. In the index to the volume the artist is also described as Chinnery, Geo. C. This is erroneous: the artist had only one Christian name. W. H. WELPLY. (To be continued.) TEXTUAL NOTES ON SHAKESPEARE. CYMBELINE. III. iv. 51. Some Iay of Italy (Whose mother was her painting) hath betraid him: (Folio)— Notwithstanding the desperate efforts of the commentators to explain the folio text as it stands, no satisfactory or even reasonable meaning can be extracted from it. The older commentators have been singularly unhappy in their attempted emendations, e. e.g Theobald with his planting for " painting Hanmer with feathers are for "mother was,' etc.; and I think Collier's (ed. 2) smothers her with painting "will have to be adopted. It is significant, in fact almost decisive, that we find the opposite printer's blunder in the Hamlet' Quartos 4, 5, 6, (I. ii. 77) i.e., could smother for good mother" and in fact the corruptions of this unfortunate letter s in the old texts are Who inconceivably numerous. There are nearly Hamlet' a hundred in the old texts of alone! Another example of this misplacement of type is found in The Tempest, I. ii. 327, where for the absurd "shall for that vast of night "shall forth at vast of night "is the correct reading. Indeed, this very usage of "forth" as a verb or at any rate as an adverb without a verb implying motion, may be found in Timon,' II. ii. 14, We'll forth again, My Alcibiades Mer. Wives,' II. ii. 278, "Her husband will be forth. The meaning of " jay " is clear enough in the mouth of the virtuous Imogen: (See her Shees of Italy," I. iii. 29, and some Roman courtezan," III. iv. 126). The Italian putta meant a jay as well as a whore or painted woman- a fair hot wench in flame-coloured taffeta " (1 Henry IV.,' I. ii. 11). Shakespeare and the other Elizabethans have numerous well-known references а to this feminine habit of painting the face: see Hamlet,' III. i. 51, The harlot's cheek beautied with plastering art," where "" plastering is very suggestive of smothers"; ib. III. i. 148; V. i. 213; Measure for Measure,' IV. ii. 83, and IV. ii. 38; 'Love's Labour's Lost,' IV. iii. 270, etc. Other writers of the time saw in this habit token of a depraved mind, implying that the use of face paint was incompatible with moral behaviour "; the attitude which Shakespeare assigns to Imogen. Analogous to this" painting were women's "Maskes, Buskes, Mufs, Fanns, Perewigs, and Bodkins," which, Stow says, were first devised and used in Italy by Curtezans, and from thence brought into France, and from thence they came into England about the time of Hence, no doubt, jay of Italy the Massacre of Parris." Imogen's reference to the and 'Roman Courtezan." III. iv. 135. With that harsh, noble, simple nothing: The metre of this line as it stands in the Folio is clearly defective, something having been carelessly omitted. I think it is best emended as follows: With that harsh, base, ignoble, simple nothing: See II. iii. 131, where Imogen says to Cloten, "Thou wert too base To be his groom : and indeed the very phraseology occurs in 1 Henry VI.,' III. i. 178, where Somerset says (aside), Perish, base prince, ignoble Duke of York; which would tend to show that that scene at least comes from Shakespeare's hand. III. iv. 149. You should tread a course Pretty [sic] and full of view: The above text is nonsense as it stands, the true reading being "Pertly, and full of view," which exactly suits the advice given to Imogen by Pisanio. The corruption is merely another example of the excessively common transposition of letters, of which there are hundreds of examples in the old texts, and even in modern newspapers. See, too, Peele's' Edward I.' Sc. xii. 15 (Bullen) and Dyce (p. 401), where the Farmer says, A man purse-penniless may sing before a thief: true, as I have not one penny, which makes me so pertly pass through these thickets.' There would seem to be little warrant for any alteration in the Folio text. "Elder " is probably used in the sense of "later," i.e., more advanced, belonging to a later period, or more remote from the starting point of evil. Cf. Richard II.,' II. iii. 43. my service. which elder days shall ripen and confirm "; and, particularly, Spenser, The Sheppeard's Calender,' December, Stanza xiii., "Then as the springe gives place to elder time." Mason's comment on the meaning of the passage is perhaps as good as any: "The whole speech is in a religious strain. Thrift signifies a state of prosperity. It is not the commission of the crimes that is supposed to be for the doer's thrift, but his dreading them afterwards, and of course repentir g, which ensures his salvation." V. i. 19. "Tis enough Tha (Britaine) I have kill'd thy Mistris: Peace, Ile give no wound to thee. (Folio). Think that you are upon a Rocke, and now which he " " has an interesting note on this passage, in Both closelie graplinge with a mutual locke." And under the wrestling sense of the word the Dict. cites, 1650, Cromwell in Carlyle's Letters and Speeches' (1870), iii. 40, Being indeed upon this lock"; and other similar passages. Dowden proceeds: ་ 6 Kinnear (Cruces Shakespearianae ' 1883), on the other hand advocates the retention of "rock": "Imogen alludes more to posthumus' casting her off as his wife than to the incident of his throwing her aside as the supposed page-think you are on a bosom whose faith is as a rock '- -no reproach could have been more gentle, no niore firm of forgiveness and unchangeable love." I think, however, Imogen's "wedded lady is intended by her merely to describe and identify herself, without special reference to her wifehood. It seems certain that if Imogen had said Think that you are upon a lock, and now, Throw me again,' the words would have been in accordance with the usage of the language, For this Mistris: Peace," an undoubted and that they would at once have been undercorruption in the Folio, Craig, in his Ox- stood as meaning Think that you are enford Shakespeare wisely adopted Staun-gaged in a wrestling embrace, and give me ton's excellent emendation Mistress-piece, of another fall.'" course referring to Imogen as the paragon of British ladies ("That paragon thy daughter, says Iachimo to Cymbeline, V. v. 147), whereas she could not possibly have been termed the Mistris "" of Britain. The word " piece " is referable to both men and women, but the references to women are especially frequent in the later plays. "Thy mother was a piece of virtue," says Prospero to Miranda in The Tempest,' I. ii. 56. Octavia is called by Octavius Cæsar piece of virtue,' Ant. and Cleo.' III. ii. 28. So also Marina, in Per.' IV. vi. 118. The Clown calls Maria as witty a piece of Eve's flesh as any in Illyria ; and she retorts with " Peace, you rogue no more o' that "Tw. Night,' I. v. 30. So also in 'The Winter's Tale 66 we have a piece of beauty," IV. iv. 32; "Thou fresh piece of excellent witchcraft,' IV. iv. 433; "The most peerless piece of Earth," V. i. 94; and "O royal piece" (Hermione), V. iii. 38. V. v. 261. Why did you throw your wedded Lady fro you? tified in reading "lock," considering that | Dowden might well have referred to the following passages in support of his suggestion": Troilus and Cressida,' IV. iv. 39, "Where injury of chance forcibly prevents our lock'd embrasures," (i.e., embraces); and W. Tale,' V. ii. 83 (of Paulina and Perdita) "She lifted the princess from the Earth, and so locks her in embracing, etc.' HENRY CUNINGHAM. 6 Readers' Queries. SHIELD IN XV CENTURY WINDOW OF THE WESTGATE, WINCHESTER. -1 and 4, Party per fesswise argent and gules a cross flory (or moline) counterchanged a label of 3 points sable for difference, 2 and 3 blank, On a chevron argent three annulets gules; of the ribbon border only "-maioris" remains. Can any reader identify this coat-of-arms as belonging to Wm. Colville or Stephen Bramdean, armiger, Mayors of the City when the old Plantagenet Guild Hall was built in Edward IV.'s reign c. 1470-1480. Both were men of importance in the city, then so flourishing, with its busy wool trade, Colville was a wullman " or master weaver, Bramdean had the lease of the fulling mills of Coytbury and Durngate. Bramdeans of Bramdean were connected with the city in the thirteenth century as porters of the King's gaol there, but I cannot find what arms they bore. Mrs. Cope has suggested that they are the arms of Columbars, Governor of Winchester Castle 1200 A.D., but the period of the glass makes this impossible, apart from other reasons. Or the arms might belong to one of these Mayors, John Put (Pitt), R. Bole (Bull), T. Poterne, R. Berell, R. Colnet, T. Bedell. H. K. H. E. E. WILDE. Winchester City Museums. Curator. POLITICAL CATCHWORDS. In Lord SUPPOSED ERROR IN CLASSICAL AND FOREIGN QUOTA-THE WEST INDIES: BIBLIOGRAPHI TIONS.'-Under "Cedunt grammatici, vincuntur rhetores " (p. 36: 3rd ed.), it is stated that here "Messalina descants upon the comparative merits of Homer and Virgil "but surely there is no good ground for supposing that there is any reference to MesIt is the typical salina. blue stocking who is being held up to ridicule here by Juvenal. King's book has come to be regarded as so high an authority that it seems to be a kind of duty for readers of 'N. and Q.' to draw attention to any inaccuracies, which, however, it must be admitted are remarkably few. PERTINAX. THE RAILWAYMAN'S RED TIE. This JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT. "DISMISSED": CASHIERED." The Times of Dec. 30, 1926, under the heading 'Duxford Court Martial,' states that one officer of the R.A.F. was sentenced to be "dismissed the service," and another to be cashiered." What is the exact sig. nificance of these sentences? The difference between them is not brought out by the ‘O.E.D.,' which says, under the word cashier quoting from Campbell, 'Dict. Mil. Sc., "When an officer is ordered by His. Majesty, or sentenced by a Court Martial, to be dismissed the service, he is said to be cashiered." T. F. D. series of franks dated about 1839 are the signatures of Scott-Portland " and "Nugent Buckingham." Why should these: peers have used part of a double surname with their titles as signature? A letter was franked in 1839 by Furni 31. Lente, Medical Notes on Jamaica.val": this should be a peer's signature, 32. Charlevoix, Père, 'Histoire de l'Isle Hispaniole.' having no initial, but I cannot find that such a title was in existence at that date. If he was a claimant only, the Post Officeprobably would not have honoured it." G. S. G. CORING OF SUSSEX.-The Harleian. Volume of Sussex pedigrees gives a number of quarterings, but the pedigree does not account for them. Can any one give me a. pedigree shewing why the Gorings quartered so many arms? E. E. COPE. PROPORTION OF LAND BUILT OVER. Some eighteen or twenty years ago I read--I believe in a book of Sir Leo Chiozza Money's-an estimated comparison of the areas under building in towns and villages. with the areas unbuilt over in England. Could any reader provide me with reference THE RHEDECYIAN. HE OLDEST SCHOOLS IN ENGLAND. --I have compiled a list of some seventy schools still existing founded prior to 1700, and am trying to put them in order of the date of their foundation. Before proceeding with what promises to be a difficult task, it occurs to me to enquire whether this has not been done in N. and Q.'or elsewhere? The oldest twelve appear to be: King's School, Canterbury-founded by Augustine before he died in Carlisle Grammar School S. Peter's School, York Worcester Cathedral, King's School Warwick School, before Edward the Confessor A.D. 604 686 (?) 700 980 1042 Derby School (claims to have existed in Saxon times) 1160 Wakefield Grammar School (about) 1250 College of Arms, MARRIAGE 1382 WILLIAM BULL. OF PHILADELPHIA CAREY.--Can any reader enlighten me as to the place and date of the marriage of Philadelphia, daughter of Sir Ferdinando Cary, to Thomas Wentworth (bapt. 1612, ob. 1664), son of the Earl of Cleveland. This was about 1655. What was the date of the birth of their daughter, Henrietta Maria? Carey was a Dutchman. Jos. HIGHT. BLUNDELL. WILLIAM SHENSTONE. I am desirous of finding unpublished material (letters, etc.) of William Shenstone and his Warwickshire friends. Could anyone give me information about such existing material? (MISS) MARJORIE WILLIAMS. WANTED. Can any reader place "these lines for me, please? AUTHOR Replies. NELSON'S DAUGHTER. (cli. 280, 374, 410, 448, 465). LACKWOOD'S Magazine for BLA May, 1888, makes it clear that Horatia Nelson Thompson was quite ignorant of her It is interesting to note (cli. parentage. 448) that she was married in this name. "adopted daughter of Viscount Vice-Admiral Had the epitaph (cli. 465) been worded: Nelson" it might have been correctly said to have borne the hall-mark of truth. Epitaphs are not often of value without documentary evidence. This one is flatly contradicted by the codicil to Lord Nelson's will: I also leave to the beneficence of my country my adopted daughter, Horatia Nelson Thomson; and I desire she will use in future the name of Nelson only. Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas in Nelson's Despatches,' vol. vii., pp. 369-393, supplies all sufficient evidence against Horatia Nelson Thompson being Lord Nelson's daughter. Those who knew his Lordship best, such as Mr. Haslewood, his man of business, Mr. Scott, his chaplain, Captain Hardy, his flag captain, who hung Lady Hamilton's and Horatia's portraits in his chief's cabin, and Lord St. Vincent, that superb seaman who spoke of Nelson and Emma as "a pair of sentimental fools," knew that this friendship after her marriage to Sir Wm. Hamilton was purely platonic; and if further proof is wanted turn again to 'Nelson's Despatches ' and read the letter wherein he asks this lovely woman in all innocence, if she has ever had a child. Alas! this was written during his two long years of duty off Toulon, and confirms overwhelmingly the platonic character of the friendship. There is not a thread of evidence in favour of the other side of the case. The scandal which for a generation or more has been attached to Lady Hamilton's name is. natural. This perhaps most glorious female character in the whole history of England, whom the Court hated, gave us the Battle of the Nile. Nelson and his gallant Band of Brothers loved her, the Fleet loved her. She was a woman working for her country in war-time, a woman and a mother-the mother of Little Emma (nat. ca. 1782, obiit ca. 1803/4), generous and impulsive by nature, who was faithful to Sir William Hamilton, Lord Nelson's friend. To say that she was the mother, or that Lord Nelson |