He was succeeded by his son Demetrius, who reigned ten years and then died, leaving a son, named Philip, but two years old.

Antigonus Doson reigned twelve years, in the quality of guardian to the young prince.

After the death of Antigonus, Philip ascended the throne, at the age of fourteen years. He was succeeded by Perseus, who was defeated and taken prisoner by Paulus Æmilius; and, in consequence of this victory, Macedonia became a province of the Roman empire, B.C. 160.

For this success Paulus Emilius was honoured with a triumph; and, as a description of that ceremony will serve agreeably to diversify our pages, we insert the following account of it by Plutarch: "The people erected scaffolds in the Forum and Circus, and all other parts of the city where they could best behold the pomp. The spectators were clad in white garments; all the temples were open, and full of garlands and perfumes; and the ways cleared by a great many officers, who drove away such as thronged the passage, or straggled up and down. This triumph lasted three days. On the first, which was scarcely long enough for the sight, were to be seen the statues, pictures, and images, of an extraordinary size, which had been taken from the enemy, drawn upon 750 chariots. On the second was carried, in a great many wains, the fairest and richest armour of the Macedonians, both of brass and steel, all newly burnished and glittering; which, although piled up with the greatest art and order, yet seemed to be tumbled in heaps carelessly and by chance; helmets were thrown on shields, coats of mail upon greaves, Cretan targets, and Thracian bucklers, and quivers of arrows lay huddled with horses' bits, and through these appeared the points of naked swords intermixed with long spears. All these arms were bound together in a way that they clashed against each other as they were drawn along,

and made a harsh and frightful noise; so that the very spoils of the conquered could not be beheld without dread. After these wagons laden with armour there followed 3000 men, who carried the silver that was coined in 750 vessels, each of which weighed three talents, and was supported by four men. Others brought silver bowls, and goblets, and cups, all disposed in such order as to make the best show, and all very valuable, as well for their size as the thickness of their engraved work. On the third day, early in the morning, first came the trumpeters, who did not sound as they were wont in a procession or solemn entry, but such a charge as the Romans use when they animate their soldiers to battle. Next followed young men, girt about with girdles curiously wrought, who led to the sacrifice 120 stalled oxen, with their horns gilded, and their heads adorned with ribands and garlands; and with these were boys carrying platters of silver and gold. After this was brought the gold coin, which was divided into vessels that weighed three talents, like those that contained the silver; they were in number fourscore wanting three. These were followed by those who carried the consecrated bowl, which Æmilius caused to be made, that weighed ten talents, and was all beset with precious stones. Then were exposed to view the cups of Antigonus and Seleucus, and such as were made after the fashion invented by Thericles, and all the gold plate that was used at Perseus's table. Next to these came Perseus's chariot, in which his armour was placed, and on that his diadem. And, after a little intermission, the king's children were led captives, and with them a train of nurses, masters, and governors, who all wept and stretched forth their hands to the spectators, and taught the little infants to beg and entreat their compassion. There were two sons and a daughter, who, by reason of their tender age, were altogether insensible of the greatness of their misery, which in

sensibility of their condition rendered it much more deplorable, insomuch that Perseus himself was scarcely regarded as he went along, while pity had fixed the eyes of the Romans upon the infants, and many of them could not forbear tears: all beheld the sight with a mixture of sorrow and joy until the children were past. After his children and their attendants came Perseus himself, all clad in black, and wearing slippers, after the fashion of his country. He looked like one altogether amazed and deprived of reason through the greatness of his misfortunes. Next followed a great company of his friends and familiars, whose countenances were disfigured with grief, and who testified to all who beheld them, by their tears and their continual looking upon Perseus, that it was his hard fortune they so much lamented, and that they were regardless of their own. After these were carried 400 crowns, all of gold, sent from the cities by their respective ambassadors to Æmilius, as a reward due to his valour. Then he himself came, seated on a chariot magnificently adorned, a man worthy to be beheld, even without these ensigns of power: he was clad in a garment of purple interwoven with gold, and held a laurel branch in his right hand. All the army, in like manner, with boughs of laurel in their hands, and divided into bands and companies, followed the charriot of their commander; some singing odes, according to the usual custom, mingled with raillery; others songs of triumph, and the praises of Æmilius's deeds, who was admired and accounted happy by all men, yet envied by no one that was good.'

"The ancient capital of the kings of Macedon," says Monsieur de Pouqueville," does not announce itself in its desolation to the eyes of the stranger, as do Athens and Corinth, by the display of the remains of former splendour. Its vestiges are found on an eminence sloping to the southwest, and surrounded by marshes. In vain, however, does the

traveller look for the walls of the city; for the citadel; for the dikes constructed to defend from inundation the temples and buildings, and other monuments of its grandeur. The barbarians from the North, the Romans, and the lapse of successive ages, have destroyed even the ruins. The once powerful city of Pella is now sunk down into fragments of tombs, masses of brick and tile, and about threescore huts, inhabited by Bulgarians, with a tower garrisoned by about a dozen Albanians. Such are the present edifices, population, and military establishment of Pella, once the powerful capital of Alexander and Perseus! A low Mohammedan now commands, whip in hand, in the city where Alexander first saw the light; and the paternal seat of that monarch, whose dominions extended from the Adriatic to the Indus, was, some years ago, the property of Achmet, son of Ismael, bey of Serres.""

PERSEPOLIS.

"I know

The wealth," she cries, "of every urn
In which unnumbered rubies burn,

Beneath the pillars of CHILMINAR."
."-MOORE.

THIS city is supposed to have been founded by the famous Jemsheed, from whom it is to this day called Tuklit-e-Jemsheed-the throne of Jemsheeda prince to whom Persian authors attribute many inventions,* and to whom they refer the first great

* Sir John Malcolm has preserved the following tradition of Jemsheed, from Moullab Ackber's MSS.: "Jemsheed was the first who discovered wine. He was immoderately fond of grapes, and desired to preserve some, which were placed in a large vessel, and lodged in a vault for future use. When the vessel was opened, the grapes had fermented. Their juice in this state was so acid, that the king believed it must be poison

reform in the manners and usages of their countrymen. He also introduced the solar year, and ordered the first day of it, when the sun enters Aries, to be celebrated as a festival.

An old Persian author has left the following description of Persepolis: "Jemsheed built a fortified palace at the foot of a hill which bounds the fine plain of Murdasht to the northwest. The platform on which it was built has three faces to the plain and one to the mountain, and is formed of hard black granite. Its elevation from the plain is ninety feet, and every stone used in this building is from nine to twelve feet long, and broad in proportion. There are two great flights of stairs leading to it, so easy of ascent that a man can ride up on horseback: part of this edifice still remains in its original state, and part is in ruins. The palace of Jemsheed is that now called the Chesel-Setoon, or Forty Pillars. Each pillar is formed of a sculptured stone sixty feet high, and ornamented in a manner so delicate that it would seem to rival upon hard granite the most finished carving upon the softest wood. There is no granite like that of which these pillars are made to be found now in Persia, and it is unknown from whence it was brought. Some most beautiful and extraordinary figures ornament this ous. He had some vessels filled with it, and poison written upon each; these were placed in his bedroom. It happened that one of his favourite ladies was affected with nervous headaches. The pain distracted her so much that she desired death; and, observing a vessel with the word poison written upon it, she took it and swallowed its contents. The wine-for such it had become-overpowered the lady, who fell into a sound sleep, and awoke much refreshed. Delighted with the remedy, she repeated the dose so often that the monarch's poison was all drunk. He soon discovered this, and forced the lady to confess what she had done. A quantity of wine was now made, and Jemsheed and all his court drank of the new beverage, which, from the circumstance that led to its discovery, is to this day known in Persia by the name of zeher-ekhoosh, or the delightful poison."