The foregoing curious and valuable document would be incomplete without the following appendage, showing the necessity for Caulfield's appointment as superintendent of the Tyrone estates, and also his remuneration, as such, received from the public funds; which, however, must have been but a mere nominal reward compared with advantages otherwise derived from that position:-"By the Deputy and council-Whereas upon the flight of the traitor Tyrone, the Deputy entering into consideration how fit it was to appoint some man of sufficiency to take the chief charge and superintendency of such lands, rents, and territories as belonged to the said traitor in the counties of Tyrone, Armagh, and Coleraine, made choice of Sir Toby Calfeild to take upon him that charge; who with good care and diligence, greatly to the furtherance of his Majesty's service, hath not only for this three years past collected the rents issuing out of the said lands and territories to his Majesty's use, but with great wisdom and sufficiency discharged the trust reposed in him; and furthermore, hath been within the said time at extraordinary charges, in building of bridges and highways, strengthening of the fort at Charlemont, and building a house within the same, for all which he has humbly craved allowance. He is accordingly granted an allowance of 100l. a year for each of the three years, making in harps (121) the whole sum of 400l. to be allowed him in the foot of his account. Dublin, 16th December, 1610."

The lands of O'Donnell, although very extensive, were of little value to the Government in consequence of the numerous and heavy mortgages which had been effected thereon from the time of their partial restoration to the family. The whole territory of Tyrconnell, excepting Church lands, was found to have fallen to the Crown by the inquisition at Liffer in the autumn of 1608, and during the two following years it had been let out in large fragments, principally to influential servitors whose receipts in the shape of rents must have been but of trifling consequence to the Government, whatever they may have been to themselves (122). Thus, the rents, issues, and

(121). In harps.- The harp was an Irish shilling though equal only to 9d. of sterling or English money. The following order of the deputy and council, dated Nov. 11, 1606, will explain the value of this coin :-"The late sovereign Queen Elizabeth, in the time of the late rebellion, established a standard of mixed moneys, which then stood, and was of necessity maintained in this kingdom, her Highness, notwithstanding allowing the exchange of the moneys in England, to her exceeding charge and great expense of treasure. And after the death of the said late Queen, the rebellion being appeased, and the greater part of the army being discharged, the King, understanding that the mixed moneys bred many griev ances and inconveniences to the subjects of this realm, was pleased, by a proclamation bearing date the 11th of October, 1603, to decry the said mixed moneys to their true value, and also to establish a new standard of this kingdom, that every piece whereof bearing the name of a shilling should go current, and be taken for 12d. sterling; and all other pieces of the said new silver standard should be taken rateably according to the quantity and proportion of the same. And inasmuch as the King by his letters of the 25th June and 30th of September, signified that the said word sterling did breed an error, being construed as if every harp shilling should be taken for sixteen

pence of the money of this country, and so should carry as high a valuation as the sterling shilling of Englandwhile in truth his meaning was, and is, that every harp shilling should bear the name and value of 12d. Irish, according to the standard of this realm, which in true value is but 9d. English. They, therefore, in his Majesty's name, and by his express command, proclaim that from henceforth the said name of sterling shall not be applied to the harp shilling of the standard of nine ounces of fine silver, but shall in that respect be utterly abolished in this kingdom. And that every silver harp shilling shall be called 12d, Irish, and not 12d. sterling, and shall be current only for that value. And it is his Majesty's pleasure that his subjects of Ireland shall use the phrase current or lawful money of Ireland, whereby shall be understood money of the said standard of nine ounces of fine silver proper to this kingdom."

(122). To themselves.-Between the dates of the landing of the English under Docwra at the Foyle in the spring of 1600 and the coming of the British undertakers in 1610, almost all the old Irish families of rank throughout Donegal had been swept away or reduced to poverty. The following curious document, preserved among the State Papers, records the names and places of residence of such of these families as dwelt westward of Lough

profits of the lands comprised in the barony of Boylagh and Bannagh, from the autumn of 1608 until the time in which grants were passed of the lands to the undertakers, were taken up by Sir Henry Folliott, whose wife afterwards married Lord Robert Dillon. The Inquisition of 1608 found that Boylagh and Bannagh contained 96 quarters of land, or 12,000 acres. Sir Henry Folliott also received the rents and profits from the barony of Tirhugh, reported on the same authority to contain 27 quarters of land. The barony of Kilmacrenan was stated by that Inquisition to contain 240 quarters of land, or 30,000 acres, and to comprise the districts of Fawnett, Doe, Clanely, [ ] [

lordship or precinct of Kilmacrenan. The rents and profits arising from the precinct of Fawnett, containing 56 quarters, were received and taken up by Donell Gorme McSwyne, Esq., and Sir Richard Hansard. The rents and profits arising from the precinct of Doe, containing 60 quarters, were received and taken up by Sir Molmory McSwyne, Neal ballagh McSwyne, and Knogher McDonnell McSwyne. The rents and profits arising from the territory of Clanely, containing 30 quarters of land, were received and taken up in part by Hugh McHugh duffe O'Donnell, Manus

Oge McHugh Duffe O'Donnell, and Tirlagh McHugh duffe O'Donnell, his sons. The rents and profits arising from the lordship and precinct of Kilmacrenan, containing 24 quarters, were received and taken up by Nicholas Weston, alderman of Dublin. The rents and profits arising from the precinct of [ ], containing 30 quarters of land, were received and taken up by Sir Mulmorie McSwyne and Captain William Eley [Ellis]. The rents and profits arising from the barony of Enishowen, containing 120 quarters of land, were received and taken up by Sir Arthur Chichester. The barony of Rapho contained the two precincts of Lyffer and Portlawe, the former comprising 60 quarters, and the latter 73 quarters. The rents and profits arising from 56 quarters, parcel of the said 60 quarters within the precinct of Lyffer, were received and taken up by Sir John Kingsmill, by the appointment of Chichester. The rents and profits arising out of the other four quarters of the land of the Lyffer, were received and taken up by Sir Richard Hansard. The rents and profits arising from the 73 quarters of Portlaugh or Portlawe, were received and taken up for the space of one year after the taking of the inquisition of 1608, by Patrick O'Conley, a merchant in Dublin. The rents of the said 73 quarters were received and taken up for the second year after the taking of the inquisition, by Sir Richard Hansard. See Inquisitions of Ulster, Donegal, (3) Car. I.

CHAPTER VII.-GRANTS And Grantees.

E now proceed to lay before the reader such abstracts from the grants to undertakers as clearly embody the several conditions on which they were made. These abstracts are taken from the printed Patent Rolls of the reign of James I., supplemented, however, in several instances, by extracts from the printed Ulster Inquisitions. The lands are granted in every case to undertakers, it will be observed, by the tenure known as free and common socage (see pp. 81, 238), although it has been hitherto stated by writers referring to the subject, that undertakers of the large proportions were obliged to hold by the feudal tenure of knight's service in capite. This mistake appears to have been copied from Carte by all succeeding authorities, and Carte originally overlooked, or was not aware of the fact that, although the tenure by knight's service was at first intended to be imposed on all undertakers of large proportions, it was exchanged afterwards, at Chichester's urgent solicitation, for that of free and common socage. Every undertaker's lands were erected, by the terms of his grant, into a manor, with certain manorial rights and privileges, including at first the power of establishing courts baron, and of enclosing a certain number of acres as a demesne, according to the size, in each case, of the proportion held by the undertaker. In this instance, the term demesne, from de mansio, properly denotes that part of the estate attached to the Mansion, where the proprietor remains or resides. Other privileges were soon afterwards added, the most useful of which was that of appointing fairs and markets in all places where these institutions were required.

The several grants only recite the names of the leading divisions of land in each proportion or estate. Each of these divisions, however, included several smaller parcels, which more correctly represent the numbers of our present townlands, and which shall be named, when practicable, in the eighth chapter.

I.

PRECINCTS OR BARONIES SET APART FOR ENGLISH UNDERTAKERS ONLY.
1. The Precinct of Oneilan (1), county of Armagh.

1. Grant to Richard Rolleston (2), clerk.

(1). Oneilan.-See p. 201, 202, 218. This barony, which is commensurate with the plantation precinct so called, includes the three Irish territories of Oneilan, Clanbrassill, and Clancann. On an old map of Ulster, of the reign of Elizabeth, Clanbrassill and Clancann are marked as touching the southern shore of Lough Neagh, the former on the east and the latter on the west side of the Bann; whilst Oneilan is placed due south of Clancann, and on the western side of the river. These territories occupy the same positions on the baronial map of 1609 when it is reversed. Clanbrassill is represented as being of greater length from north to south than either of the other two territories, whilst Oneilan is much broader from east to west.

The small proportion of Teemore, containing

(2). Rolleston.-This clergyman first presents himself to our notice as one of Lord Saye's consort or company, seeking lands in Oneilan, and representing himself as having an income of 100l. per annum, and 500l. worth of 'goods.' (See p. 148). He came from Staffordshire, and as it happened, on his coming hither, he found his way into one of the most attractive districts in Ulster-not only picturesque, but pre-eminently fertile ;-and hence the chosen retreat in earlier days of many leading families of the O'Neills. But their day had passed, and the succession to their houses and fields now became a source of very active competition and struggle among the new-comers. Parson Rolleston succeeded in getting his lands in one of the choicest localities; but, as we shall afterwards find,

Derrichora, one balliboe; Shancrakan, two balliboes; Moyrourkan, Downemedder, Dromard, Teemore, Loughtoobegg, Loughtoomore, Aghoorier; in all 1,000 acres; two third parts of the balliboe of Tawnaghmore, containing 60 acres, are excepted from this grant [for glebe land]. The premises are erected into the manor of Teemore, with a demesne of 300 acres, and a court baron. Total rent, 57. 6s. 8d. To hold forever, as of the castle of Dublin, in commn socage. 25 May, 8th [1610].

2. Grant to Francis Sacheverell (3), Esq. The small proportion of Mullalelish (4), containing Balliloghan, one balliboe; Ballihinche, one balliboe; 1⁄2 of Ballilaney; Mullalelish, one balliboe; Ballibreagh, one balliboe; Mulladroy, one balliboe; Dromnehunchin, one balliboe; Dromard, one and balliboe; /, of Ballikedymore, balliboe next to Ballytagart; Ballytagart, one balliboe; Dirrichele, one balliboe; in all 1,000 acres. The small proportion of Leggacorry (5), containing the lands of Shewish, Rath-Imulchany, Aghnacrea, Mullanalaghan, Loskeburrin, Corcreeny, Leggacorry, Fonamilly, Mullalittragh, one balliboe each; Ballilaney, and /, of Annaghboe, next to Mullalittragh; in all, 1,000 acres-three parts in five of the balliboes of Ballikedymore, containing 60 acres, and Anaghboe, 60 acres, are excepted from this grant [for glebe land]. The two proportions above granted are erected into the manor of Mullalelish and Leggacorry, with 600 acres in demesne, and a court baron. Rent, 10l. 135. 4d. To hold forever, as of the castle of Dublin, in common socage. 29 May, 8th [1610].

5

3. Grant to John Brownlowe (6), Esq. The middle proportion of Doughcoron (7), containing Taberhany, one balliboe; the moiety of the balliboe of Aghenecloghy; Keilmarigie, two

he was soon relieved of this estate by a countryman of his own then pretty well known in Ulster, and named Francis Annesley. Rollestone's 'proportion' of Teemore is represented on the baronial map of 1609 as a peninsular district running out almost due north from Oneilan Proper, having the Fews on its north-western boundary, and Orior on the north-east.

(3). Sacheverell.-This undertaker first appears in plantation records as one of a consort or company offering for lands in the precinct or barony of Oneilan. The consort was headed by a Sir Francis Anderson, of Bedford, whose name does not turn up afterwards in these records. Francis Sacheverell represented himself as from Leicester; as worth 300l. per annum, and as willing to undertake for 2,000 acres. The above grants show that he obtained the quantity he wanted, and in the district he preferred. He was amongst the earliest to take out his patents; and as he was afterwards known or styled of Mulladory, or Muldory, he had no doubt built his house and bawn in that sub-division of his proportion called Mullalelish. It may be mentioned also that his name appeared on a list of forty gentlemen who proposed to undertake the whole county of Fermanagh, and that he was there represented as coming from Rorsbye, in the county of Leicester. See p. 145.

(4). Mullalelish.-This 'proportion' adjoined Teemore, already mentioned, and was separated from the territory of Clancann by the very boggy district of Grange.

(5). Leggacorry.-This proportion was separated from Mullalelish by a little stream marked on the map as the

Aghnarea river, but now known as the river Tall, from Talla, no doubt, where it has its source, and which is the name used on the map to designate a dreary and extensive bog which then stretched along the whole border land separating the two territories of Oneilan and Clancann. Anaghbo and part of Ballikedymore, the incumbents' lands reserved from these two proportions respectively, are separated by a very formidable looking bog.

(6). John Brownlowe.-This surname is written also Bromloe and Bromley in State documents, but in the early plantation records it takes the form of Brownlow or Brownlowe. John Brownlowe, above named, originally offered himself as an undertaker of lands in Oneilan, stating that he belonged to Nottingham; that he was worth 150/. per annum; and that he wanted 2,000 acres (see p. 147). He was amongst the earliest patentees; and he built his castle and bawn in the division of his proportion called Derry, or the oak wood, naming his residence Brownlowe-Derry.

(7). Doughcoron.-This proportion, which appears on the map in violet, the colour used to distinguish those of the middle size, occupies the northern portion of the ancient territory of Clanbrassill, stretching along the shore of Lough Neagh. The map represents this proportion as containing six rather extensive patches of bog. In the balliboe of Shankeile, there is marked on the map a roofless church, with surrounding trees. The only other place where trees are marked is Tirenirry-not Tirnurye, as in the grant-close to the shore of Lough Neagh.