in this life, that he had a small share in helping to form a Branch of the Alliance in this country. Before his arrival in America, arrangements were being made to form an American organization; but it was on his paying a visit to this country with full powers from the British side, that the American Branch was actually instituted. On his return to Great Britain he proclaimed the fact to the Annual Conference of the British Branch, held that year at Bath; and the intelligence was hailed with boundless enthusiasm. For the last year and a half, the American Branch has been busily employed in making preparations for the great Ecumenical meeting in New York. Last year, Dr. Schaff was sent to Europe to bring about a thorough unity of action between Europe and America, and he succeeded in inducing a great many eminent men from Great Britain and the European continent to agree to visit this country, and to read papers on important subjects, theological and philanthropic. Some expect that the meeting to be opened on Sept. 22d will be the most important and influential General Conference which has yet been held, and that it will exercise a mighty influence for good on the Protestant churches throughout the world. When the British and American Branches unite their energies, the Alliance may be expected to enter on a new career, far more brilliant and important than it has had in the past. Happy effects may be expected to arise from the very meeting of Christians from the East, and from the West; of the profoundest theologians from Germany, France, Britain, and America; of the most devoted philanthropists and successful missionaries, each giving reports of the state of religion in his own land, or of the methods of usefulness employed in his own field of operations. Americans will learn much from what is being done in the old countries, in Europe and Asia; and we venture to predict that foreigners may learn something from the forms which Christian zeal takes in this new country, and that they will go home, more favorably impressed than when they come here, with the practical energy of the American people.

We lay before our readers the programme of the proceedings of the New York Conference in the latest form which it has assumed. It should be borne in mind that this plan may

be slightly modified from time to time, as it is intimated that persons who have engaged to read papers are prevented from doing so by events of Providence, or that other distinguished individuals can be present and take part in the proceedings. We have reason to believe that a number of eminent statesmen, lawyers, and physicians of this country, not named in this schedule will be asked to preside at the Conferences, and give addresses at the day and evening meetings.

EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE, 24 BIBLE HOUSE, New York.

Programme for the General Conference of Christians from all nations convened by the Evangelical Alliance, to be held in the city of New York, September 22 to October 3, 1870. Printed for revision.

[The list of English delegates will be completed as soon as a final report is received from the British Alliance. The Continental Delegates have all accepted, and will be present in person, or send papers on the topics assigned them. In addition to the reading of Essays and the discussion of their topics during the day, popular and devotional meetings will be held in the evening.]

Thursday Evening.—Preliminary Session.

Social re-union of members and delegates in a public hall. Address of welcome by the Rev. William Adams, D. D., LL. D., New York; and replies by officers and delegates of Foreign Alliances.

Friday.-I. Organization of the Conference, Election of Officers, etc.

II. Address by the President of the Conference.

III. Reports on the present state of Protestant Christendom.-Rev. Eugene Bersier: State of Religion in France. Professor A. Tholuck, D. D., Halle: Evangelical Theology in Germany. Rev. H. Krummacher, Brandenburg: Practical Religion in Germany. Rev. Cohen Stuart, Rotterdam: Holland and Belgium. Professor Revel, Florence: Italy. Rev. Antonio Carrasco, Madrid: Spain. Dean Kind, of the Grisons: Switzerland. Bishop Martensen, or Dr. Kalker, Copenha gen: Scandinavia. Rev. Dr. Koenig, Hungary: Austria. Rev. Robert Murray, D. D., Halifax: British Provinces of America. Rev. Abel Stevens, D. D., Brooklyn, N. Y.: United States.

Saturday.-Christian Union.

I. Vital Union by Faith with Christ, the basis of Christian Union: Dean H. Alford, D. D., of Canterbury. Professor Charles Hodge, D. D., Princeton, N. J. II. The Communion of Saints-Modes of its Promotion and Manifestation. Christian Union consistent with Denominational Distinctions: Bishop McIlvaine, D. D.. D.C.L., Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. C. D. Marston, Rector of Kersal, Manchester. III. The Evangelical Alliance-its Objects and Influence in promoting Christian Union and Religious Liberty: Rev. James Davis, Secretary of the British Organization. Bishop George D. Cummins, D. D., of Kentucky.

IV. Relations, Spiritual and Ecclesiastical, between the United States of America and the British Empire: Rev. John Stoughton, D. D., London.

V. Religious Relations between America and Continental Europe: Professor Philip Schaff, D. D., New York.

Sunday-Morning.-Sermons by ministers from Europe in all the churches opened to the Alliance. Evening.-Meetings for Prayers and short Addresses in various churches and in different languages.

Monday.-Christianity and its Antagonists.

I. Rationalism and Pantheism: Professor Von der Goltz, D. D., Basel, Switzerland. Professor W. F. Warren, D. D., Boston.

II. Materialism and Positivism: President James McCosh, D.D., LL. D., Princeton, N. J.

III. Best Methods of Counteracting Modern Infidelity: Rev. John Cairns, D. D., Berwick, England. Professor Theodore Christlieb, D. D., Bonn, Prussia. IV. Harmony of Science and Revelation: General Superintendent W. Hoffman, D. D., Berlin. Professor Arnold Henry Guyot, Princeton, N. J.

V. The Gospel History and Modern Scepticism: Professor J. J. Van Oosterzee, D. D., Utrecht, Holland.

VI. The Gospel and Philosophy: Professor Ernest Naville, Geneva.
VII. Reason and Faith: Rev. E. A. Washburn, D. D., New York.

VIII. Christianity and Humanity: Professor F. Godet, D. D., Neuchatel.

Tuesday.-Christian Life.

I. Personal Religion-its Aids and Hindrances: Professor Phelps, D. D., Andover, Mass. Rev. Richard Fuller, D. D., Baltimore, Md.

II. Family Religion: Charles Reed, Esq., M. P., England. Rev. W. S. Plumer, D.D., Columbia, S. C.

III. Sunday Schools: Rev. Richard Newton, D. D., Philadelphia. Rev. Edwin B. Webb, D. D., Boston. Rev. J. H. Vincent, D. D., New York.

IV. Religious Aspects of Popular Education in Christian Countries: Honorable Baron Van Loon, Amsterdam (with regard to Holland). President Mark Hopkins, D.D., Williams' College, Mass. (with regard to America). Professor Pfleiderer, Wurtemberg (with regard to Germany).

V. Religious Education in the South: Rev. B. Sears, D. D., Staunton, Va. VI. Demands of Christianity upon its Professors in Commercial and Public Affairs-The Right Use of Wealth: Bishop Matthew Simpson, D. D., Philadelphia. Pres. Martin B. Anderson, LL. D., Rochester, N. Y.

VII. Revivals of Religion-How to make them productive of permanent good: W. W. Patton, D. D., Chicago, Ill. S. W. Fisher, D. D., Utica, N. Y. VIII. Christianity and the Press: G. H. Davis, LL. D., Sec. London Rel. Tract Society. Rev. W. R. Williams, D. D., New York.

Wednesday.-Protestantism and Romanism.

I. Principles of the Reformation-Supremacy of the Bible-Justification by Faith-Christian Liberty: Prof. I. A. Dorner, D. D., University of Berlin. II. Effects of the Reformation upon Modern Civilization: Prof. I. Lichtenberger, D. D., Strassburg. Prof. Geo. P. Fisher, D. D., New Haven.

III. Present Aspects of Romanism-Ultramontanism--The Ecumenical Council of 1870-Temporal Power of the Papacy-Lessons to be Learned from

Romanism: Rev. Edmund de Pressense, D. D., Paris. Rev. R. S. Storrs, D. D., Brooklyn.

⚫ IV. The Training required to enable Protestant Ministers effectually to meet the Intellectual and Practical Demands of the Present Age: Rev. Frank Coulin, D. D., Geneva. Prof. Alvah Hovey, D. D., Newton Centre, Mass.

Thursday.-Christianity and Civil Government.]

I. Present State of Religious Liberty in the different nations of Christendom: Rev. Edward Steane, D. D., London.

II. Church and State: Rev. Fred. Fabri, D. D., Barmen, Prussia. Prof. Theodore Dwight, LL. D., New York.

III. Constitution and Government in the United States as related to Religion: Pres. Woolsey, D. D., Yale College, New Haven.

IV. Legislation upon Moral Questions: Hon. W. M. Evarts, LL D., York.

New

V. Sunday Laws: Alex. Lombard, Esq., Geneva, Switzerland. Hon. William F. Allen, Albany, N. Y.

VI. The Free Churches on the Continent of Europe: Prof. Astie, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prof. C. Pronier, Geneva, Switzerland.

VII. The Effects of Civil and Religious Liberty upon Christianity: Prof. Daniel R. Goodwin, D. D., Philadelphia.

VIII. Support of the Ministry: Pres. W. H. Campbell, D. D., New Brunswick, N. J. Rev. John Hall, D. D., New York.

Friday. Christian Missions-Foreign and Domestic.

I. Protestant and Roman Catholic Missions compared, in their Principles, Methods, and Results: Rev. Dr. Grundemann, Gotha, Germany.

II. Protestant Missions among the Oriental Churches: Rev. Dr. H. H. Jessup, Beyrut, Syria.

III. Missions among Civilized and Uncivilized Nations: Rev. John Mullens, D. D., Secretary of the London Miss. Society.

IV. Territorial Divisions of Missionary Fields of Labor: Rev. Rufus Anderson, D. D., Boston.

V. Obligations of Science, Literature, and Diplomacy to Christian Missions: Rev. Dr. Van Dyck, M. D., Beyrut, Syria. Hon. Peter Parker, M. D., LL. D., Washington, D. C.

VI. Evangelization of the Masses in nominally Christian Countries-Inner Missions in Germany-City Missions in England and America, etc.-Lay Preaching: Count Bernstorf, Berlin, Prussia. Rev. Dr. Nast, Cincinnati. Dr. L. S. Jacobi, Bremen.

VII. Christian Work among Western Settlers, the Freedmen, Indians, and Chinese in the United States: Bishop Payne, Xenia, Ohio (Freedmen).

VIII. Laws and Modes of Progress in Christ's Kingdom: Rev. Horace Bushnell, D. D., Hartford, Ct.

Saturday.-Christianity and Social Evils.

I. Intemperance, and its Suppression: Prof. H. A. Nelson, D. D., Lane Theol. Seminary, Cincinnati.

II. Pauperism, and its Remedy: Rev. W. Muhlenberg, D. D., New York. G. H. Stuart, Esq., Philadelphia.

III. War, and its Prevention: Rev. Henry W. Beecher, Brooklyn, N. Y. IV. False Theories of Marriage, with special reference to Mormonism: Prof. Daniel P. Kidder, D. D., Chicago.

V. Christian Philanthropy - Hospitals - Deaconesses - Refuges — Ragged Schools-Prisons: Rev. Dr. Wichern, Berlin, Prussia. The Earl of Shaftesbury, England. George Hanbury, Esq., London. Count Acenor de Gasparin, Geneva. Rev. Dr. Passavant, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bishop B. Bigler, Lancaster, Pa.

Sunday.-Close of the Conference.

Morning. Sermons in various churches in New York, Brooklyn, and vicinity. Evening.-Farewell Service of the Conference, with Addresses and Prayers in each language represented.

Congress on Matters of Emigration.-On Monday and Tuesday after the Conference an International Congress will be held for the Discussion and Promotion of the Material, Social, and Spiritual Welfare of the Emigrants, in which Delegates from Europe and America are to take part.

ART. IX.-Minority Representation in the Diocese of New Jersey.

THE method of voting by ballot, which gives to respectable minorities their just representation, in a Parliament, a Congress, or a board of officers, has attracted much attention in England, and some in this country, during the last few years. Of the attempts to introduce it, and expositions of its character and tendency, we gave some account in the last October number of this Review..

Our interest in the subject has been not a little excited, by two instances of its application; the one a recent election of a bench of judges in the State of New York, where with a Democratic majority of 80,000 against them, the Republicans elected two out of six; the other in the recent Annual Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the diocese of New Jersey, of which the writer is a member.

The Convention adopted, and forthwith applied in action the following canon, of which we have this record: "The Rev. Dr. Garrison of Camden made a very cogent argument