THE

STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK

STATISTICAL AND HISTORICAL ANNUAL OF

THE STATES OF THE WORLD

FOR THE YEAR

1891

EDITED BY

J. SCOTT KELTIE

LIBRARIAN TO THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL PUBLICATION

REVISED AFTER OFFICIAL RETURNS

London

MACMILLAN AND CO.

AND NEW YORK

1891 r

25 1891

3946

Man sagt oft: Zahlen regieren die Welt. Das aber ist gewiss, Zahlen zeigen wie sie regiert wird.

GOETHE.

PREFACE

IN ACCORDANCE with what is believed to be the general desire of those who are in the habit of using the YEAR-BOOK, it is published at an earlier date than has been the case hitherto.

It need hardly be repeated that every effort has been made to bring the information up to date, it is believed successfully. This would have been impossible without the friendly co-operation of the Government officials of foreign countries, the authorities of our own Colonies, and of India, her Majesty's Diplomatic and Consular representatives in various parts of the world, not to mention numerous private individuals, to all of whom I beg to convey my warmest thanks.

Several changes have been made this year. The headings to the pages have been so altered as to render the book much easier of consultation than before. The various changes which have taken place during the year as a result of international arrangements have been embodied, involving additions to the British, French and German Empires. Heligoland has disappeared from the British Empire and Zanzibar has been added, as well as other extensive areas in Africa. By favour of the United States Census Department I am able to give the results of the Census taken in June last. In many other respects important improvements have been made.

I have to thank those who have favoured me with suggestions, which are always welcome.

OFFICE OF THE STATESMAN'S YEAR BOOK,'

29 & 30, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND,

LONDON, W.C.

January 26, 1891.

J. S. K.