The principal articles of export from Mexico to Great Britain in the year 1889 were mahogany, of the value of 185,6917.; silver ore, 72,5551.; hemp and other vegetable substances, 25,3971.; unrefined sugar, of the value of 20,1767.; tobacco, 6,1287. (72,4917. in 1888). Cotton manufactures, of the value of 578,8697.; linens, of the value of 61,3137.; iron, wrought and unwrought, of the value of 369,0887.; machinery, 145,4972.; and woollens, 89,5157., formed the chief imports from the United Kingdom into Mexico in 1889. Shipping and Communications. The shipping of Mexico, 1,270 vessels, includes small vessels engaged in the coasting trade. In the first six months of 1889, 2,768 vessels of 987,083 tons (118 of 79,489 tons, British), entered the ports of Mexico. In 1890 there were 4,648 miles of railway open for traffic and 1,360 miles under construction. The capital invested by English companies was 14,601,3807., and by American companies 245,126,249 U.S. dollars. In 1889 twenty concessions were granted or amended for railways in various parts of Mexico. In 1889 there were 12,977,952 passengers, paying 2,090,505 pesos; and 875,894 tons of goods were conveyed at a charge of 4,822,690 pesos. The total length of telegraph lines in 1889 was 27,861 English miles, of which 14,841 miles belonged to the Federal Government, the remainder belonging, in about equal parts, to the States, companies, and the railways. There were in all 767 offices. The telephone had a network of 4,174 miles. In 1889 there were 1,448 post-offices. The inland post carried 87,509,640 letters, newspapers, &c.; and the international, 37,193,403. Money and Credit. There are 11 mints in the Republic, coining on an average $25,000,000 annually. Most of the silver exported is shipped in the shape of dollars, which find their way chiefly to China and the smaller communities in IndoChina and the Eastern Archipelago. The following table shows the coinage by Mexican mints from 1881 onwards : MONEY AND CREDIT Situation of the Mexican banks, October 31, 1890: 735 The dividend of the Banco Nacional was (1889) at the rate of 14 per cent., that of the Banco de Londres 20 per cent. Concessions have been granted to a number of new banks in several of the States for the purpose of advancing loans for agricultural and mining purposes. Money, Weights, and Measures. MONEY. The silver peso of 100 centavos of 0-869 ounce in weight, 0.901 fine; nominal value, 4s.; actual price, about 3s. 1d. The weights and measures of the metric system were introduced in 1884; but the old Spanish measures are still in use. The principal ones are these: Weight. 1 libra = 0.46 kilogramme = 1.014 lb. avoirdupois. 1 ochava = 6 tomines. 1 tomin=12 granos. 20 granos1 French gramme. 10 Length. 1 vara = 0.837 mètre = 2 ft. 8 English in. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives. 1. OF MEXICO IN GREAT BRITAIN. Envoy and Minister.-Vacant. Chargé d'Affaires and Secretary.-Pablo Martinez del Campo. There are Consular representatives in London, Cardiff, Great Grimsby, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Newport, Southampton, Gibraltar, Hongkong. 2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN MEXICO. Envoy and Minister.-Sir Spenser St. John, K.C.M.G., accredited Jan. 5, 1885. Secretary-Godfrey Davison Bland. There are Consular representatives in Mexico City and Vera Cruz, and Vice-Consuls at Guaymas, Mazatlan, Nuevo Laredo, Progreso, San Blas, and Tepic. Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Mexico. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Amonedaciones é introducciones de metales preciosos en 1887-88 (Stávoli). Anales del ministerio de fomento, colonización, indústria y comercio. 8. Mexico, 1890. Boletin del ministerio de fomento de la República Mexicana. Fol. Mexico, 1890. Boletin semestral de la estadistica de la República Mexicana, á cargo del Dr. Antonio Peñafiel. Mexico, 1890. Comercio exterior de Mexico. Fol. Mexico. 1890. Cuadro geografico, estadistica descriptivo é historico de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. A. G Cubas. Mexico, 1889. Datos mercantiles. Mexico, 1890 Estadística general de la República Mexicana. Mexico, 1888. Memoria del Secretario del despacho de hacienda. Fol. Mexico, 1890. Report on the Financial Condition of Mexico by Mr. Jenner, in No. 28 'Diplomatic and Consular Reports.' 1886. Report by Mr. Jenner on Investments for British Capital in Mexico, in Part IV. of 'Reports of H.M.'s Diplomatic and Consular Agents.' London, 1886. Report on the Railways of Mexico, in No. 116; on the Trade and Climate of Vera Cruz, in Nos. 129, 133, 138, and 604; on Gold Discoveries in Lower California, in No. 136; on Banks, in No. 149; on Recent Administration, in No. 132; on the Finances and System of Land Tenure, in No. 637 of Diplomatic and Consular Reports.' London, 1889. Report on Railway Concerns in Mexico in No. 170 of the Report on Subjects of General Interest.' London, 1890. Report on the Finances of Mexico and System of Land Tenure in that country, in Ne 637 and on the Trade of Vera Cruz in No. 786 of Diplomatic and Consular Reports London, 1890. Statistique descriptive et historique des Etats Mexicains de Garcia Cubas. 1889. Trade of the United Kingdom with Mexico, in Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions in the year 1889.' London, 1890, 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. 4 Boletin de la sociedad de geografía y estadistica de la República Mexicana. 8. Mexico, 1878-90. Brocklehurst (T. U.), Mexico To-day. London, 1883. Castro (Lorenzo), The Republic of Mexico in 1882. New York, 1882. Conkling (Howard), Mexico and the Mexicans. New York, 1883. Diccionario geográfico y estadístico de la República Mexicana. 5 vols. Fol. Mexico, 1874-76. El economista Mexicano, weekly. Mexico. Flint (H. M.), Mexico under Maximilian. 12. Philadelphia, 1867. Geiger (John Lewis), A Peep at Mexico: Narrative of a Journey across the Republic from the Pacific to the Gulf. 8. London, 1874. Gooch (F. C.), Face to Face with the Mexicans. London, 1890. Griffin (S. B.), Mexico of To-day. New York, 1886. Hamilton (L. L. C.), Hamilton's Mexican Handbook. London, 1884. Kozhevar (E.), Report on the Republic of Mexico. Loudon, 1886. La Bédollière (Emile G. de), Histoire de la guerre du Mexique. 4. Paris, 1866. Ober (F. A.), Travels in Mexico. Boston, U.S., 1884. Ratzel (Fried.), Aus Mexico, Reiseskizzen aus den Jahren 1874-75. Breslau, 1878. Scobel (A.), Die Verkehrswege Mexicos und ihre wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. In 'Deutsche Geographische Blätter.' Baud X., Heit 1. Eremen, 1887. MONACO. Prince Albert, born November 13, 1848; succeeded his father, Prince Charles III., September 10, 1889; married (1) to Lady Mary Douglas Hamilton, September 1, 1869; 1 (2) to Alice Duchess-Dowager de Richelieu. Son by first wife, Prince Louis, born July 12, 1870. Monaco is a small Principality in the Mediterranean, between France and Italy. From 968 it belonged to the house of Grimaldi, and passed in 1791 to the house of Goyon-de-Martignon. There is a Governor-General and a Council of State. The area is eight square miles. Population, 1890, 12,000. Chief towns, Monaco, 3,292; Condamine, 6,218; Monte Carlo, 3,794. There is a Roman Catholic bishop. There is no army, only a 'guard of honour,' consisting of 75 members (officers and men). Olive oil, oranges, citrons, and perfumes are exported. The revenue is mainly derived from the gaming tables. British Consul.-James Charles Harris (Nice). The religious marriage was annulled by the Court of Rome (Papal Court) on January 3, 1880, and the civil marriage declared dissolved by decree of the reigning Prince on July 28, 1880. MONTENEGRO. (CRNAGORA KARA-DAGH.) Nicholas I., Petrović Njegoš, born October 7 (September 25), 1841; educated at Trieste and Paris; proclaimed Prince of Montenegro, as successor of his uncle, Danilo I., August 14, 1860. Married, November 8, 1860, to Milena Pétrovna Vucoticova, born May 4, 1847, daughter of Peter Vukotić, senator, and Vice-President of the Council of State. Offspring of the union are six daughters and three sons, Danilo Alexander, heirapparent, born June 29, 1871; Mirko, born April 17, 1879; Peter, born 1889. The supreme power has been retained in the family of Petrović Njegoš, descending collaterally, since the time of Danilo Petrović, who, being proclaimed Vladika, or prince-bishop, of Montenegro in 1697, liberated the country from the Turks, and, having established himself as both spiritual and temporal ruler, entered into a religious and political alliance with Russia. His successors retained the theocratic power till the death of Peter Petrović II. (October 31, 1851), last Vladika of Montenegro, a ruler of great wisdom, as well as a widely celebrated poet. He was succeeded by his nephew, Danilo I., who abandoned the title of Vladika, together with the spiritual functions attached to it, and substituted that of Gospodar, or Prince. At the same time Danilo I., to throw off a remnant of nominal dependency upon Turkey, acknowledged by his predecessors, obtained the formal recognition of his new title from Russia. Danilo I., assassinated August 13, 1860, was succeeded by his nephew, second Gospodar of Montenegro. The following is the complete list of the Petrović dynasty, with their dates: Danilo I. (Kniaz and Gospodar) Peter I. (St. Peter) 1782-1830 Peter II. (Vladika Rade) 1830–1851 1851-1860 Nicholas I. (reigning Prince, nephew of the last) Former rulers of Montenegro possessed the whole of the revenues of the country, and, in fact, this system obtains still, although laws have from time to time been passed regulating both the Prince's annual civil list and the public expenditure. Prince Nicholas's nominal yearly income is fixed for the present at 9,000 ducats, or 4,100%. A yearly sum of 48,000 roubles, or 4,8007., has been received by Montenegro from Russia since the Crimean war, as a reward for its friendly attitude during that period. The Austrian Government is stated to contribute about 30,000 florins per annum towards the construction of carriage roads in Montenegro. Government. The Constitution of the country, dating from 1852, with changes effected in 1855 and 1879, is nominally that of a limited monarchy, resting on a patriarchal foundation. The |