Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Hawaii 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Report of the Collector-General of Customs for June 1889. Honolulu, 1890. Report of the Chief Justice. Honolulu, 1890. Hawaiian Law Reports Report of Minister of Foreign Affairs. Honolulu, 1889. Report of Minister of Finance. Honolulu, 1889. Report of the President of the Bureau of Immigration. Honolulu, 1889. 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Andri (A.), Les îles Hawaii. Gand, 1886. Ellis (W.), Polynesian Researches. 4 vols. London, 1831. San Francisco, 1880. Fornander (C.), Origin of the Polynesian Nations. 3 vols. London, 1885. Gordon Cumming (Miss C. F.), Fire Fountains: the Kingdom of Hawaii. 2 vols. London, 1883. Honolulu Almanac and Directory for 1890. Honolulu, 1889. Hopkins (Manley), History of Hawaii. 2nd edition. London, 1866. Jarvis (J. J.), History of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu, 1847. Luther (H. Gulik, M.D.), Climate, &c., of the Hawaiian Islands. New York, 1855. Mine (Albert), L'archipel des îles Hawaï ou Sandwich. Bordeaux, 1885. Monnier (Marcel), Un printemps sur le Pacifique. Iles Hawaii. Paris, 1885, Varigny (C. de), Quatorze ans aux îles Sandwich. Paris. Whitney (H. M.), The Hawaiian Guide Book. Honolulu, 1990. HONDURAS. (REPÚBLICA DEL HONDURAS.) Constitution and Government. THE Republic of Honduras, established November 5, 1838, before the dissolution of the Confederation of Central America in 1839, is governed under a charter proclaimed in November 1865, greatly modified by the new Constitution of November 1, 1880. It gives the legislative power to a Congress of Deputies composed of 37 members. The executive authority rests with a President, nominated and elected by popular vote for four years. President of the Republic.-General Don Luis Bøgran, elected President November 9, 1883, and re-elected September 1887. There have been no regular elections of Presidents in recent years, and none served the full term of office. The administration of the Republic is carried on by a Council of ministers, to whom are entrusted the departments of Foreign Affairs, Interior, Public Works, War, Finance, Public Instruction, and Justice. The active army consists of 500 men with 3,000 militia. Area and Population. The area of the Republic is calculated to embrace 46,400 English square miles, with a population, in 1889, of 431,917, or about 9 inhabitants to the square mile. The Republic is divided into 13 departments, 60 districts, 212 municipalities. The bulk of the inhabitants consists of aboriginal Indians,' and the sparse European-descended population, mainly of Spanish origin, is in the small ports on the Pacific coast, and in the town of Santa Rosas in the tobacco districts of Gracias. Capital of the Republic is the ancient town of Tegucigalpa, with 12,600 inhabitants, including the district, situate nearly in the centre of the State, and chief station on the planned inter-oceanic railway. Instruction. There are two universities and several colleges; about 600 schools with 3,000 scholars. Finance. The finances of the Republic are in great disorder, owing to prolonged civil strife, aggravated by wars with Guatemala and San Salvador. Since 1880 there have been improvements. The actual revenue in the two years 1885 and 1886 was 2,596,936 dollars; in the two years 1886 and 1888 (July 31) the revenue was 2,818,264 dollars, and expenditure 2,826,532 FINANCE-COMMERCE-MONEY, ETC. 661 dollars. The revenue for 1888-89 (year ending July 31) was 1,432,522 dollars. The actual expenditure for several years exceeded the revenue, and the deficits were covered by loans. The revenue is drawn mainly from customs and excise duties. The foreign debt of Honduras consisted of English loans amounting to 3,222,000l., and a French loan of 2,176,5701., or a total of 5,398,570l. No interest has been paid since 1872, and its accumulation has reached (1890) the amount of over 7,645,5187. Commerce. The exports of Honduras consist chiefly of cattle, mahogany, hides, and india-rubber, while the imports comprise cotton goods, silks, and hardware. The exports for the financial year 1887-88 were valued at 3,350,664 dollars, and were:-Vegetable products (1,221,716 dollars), animal and industrial products (376,645 dollars), minerals, exclusive of gold and silver (1,673,449 dollars), gold and silver (78,853 dollars). These exports went to the United States (2,790,405 dollars), England (105,088 dollars), France (81,566 dollars), Germany (6,003 dollars), and the Central American Republics (367,599 dollars). From Truxillo alone the exports of 1887 were valued at 628,100 dollars, including 1,200 head of cattle, valued at 30,000 dollars; mahogany, to the value of 52,000 dollars; hides and deer-skins, 52,540 dollars; bananas, 346,164 dollars; india-rubber, 51,326 dollars. At that port in 1887 139 vessels of 59,723 tons arrived, and same number cleared. There are no complete official returns of the value of either the imports or exports, owing partly to the customs at the principal ports being farmed out to individuals whose interest it is to conceal all facts concerning their revenue. The value of the commerce with Great Britain is not given in the Annual Statement' of the Board of Trade, which merges Honduras into Central America' (see page 647). The gold and silver mines of the country are officially stated to be in a fair way of development. Communications. In 1885 there were 33 post-offices, which carried 299,614 letters, newspapers, &c. There are 1,800 miles of telegraphs, with 63 offices; and there is a railway from Puerto Cortez to San Pedro Sula, 37 miles, and an inter-oceanic railway is projected from Puerto Cortez to Amapala on the Pacific. Also a line from Puerto Cortez by the N. Coast, through one of the b st fruit districts of the Republic. Money, Weights, and Measures. The money, weights, and measures of Honduras, and the British equivalents, are as follows: MONEY. The Dollar, of 100 cents: nominal value, 4s., real value 3s. 4d. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives. 1. OF HONDURAS IN GREAT BRITAIN. Consul-General.-Guillermo Binney, accredited October 17, 1882. 2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN HONDURAS. Minister and Consul-General.-Audley C. Gosling. Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Honduras. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Gaceta Oficial de Honduras. Report on the Trade and Commerce of Truxillo in 1887, in No. 364 'Diplomatic and Consular Reports.' London, 1888. Trade of Central America with Great Britain, in Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom in the year 1889.' Imp. 4. London, 1890. 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Bates (H. W.), Central and South America. London, 1882. Fröbel (Julius), Seven Years' Travel in Central America. 8. London, 1853. Gonzalez (D.), Geografia de Centro-America. San Salvador, 1878. Lombard (Thomas R.), The New Honduras. New York, 1887. Marr (Wilhelm), Reise nach Central-America. 2 vols. 8. Hamburg, 1863. Pelletier (Consul E.), Honduras et ses ports. Documents officiels sur le chemin-de-fet interocéanique. 8. Paris, 1869. Reichardt (M.), Centro-America. 8. Braunschweig, 1851. Scherzer (Karl, Ritter ron), Wanderungen durch die mittelamerikanischen Freistaaten Nicaragua, Honduras und San Salvador. 8. Braunschweig, 1857. Soltera (Maria), A Lady's Ride across Spanish Honduras. London, 1884. Squier (E. G.), Honduras: Descriptive, Historical, and Statistical. 8. London, 1870, ITALY. (REGNO D'ITALIA.) Reigning King. Umberto I., born March 14, 1844, the eldest son of King Vittorio Emanuele II. of Italy and of Archduchess Adelaide of Austria. Succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, January 9, 1878. Married, April 22, 1868, to Queen Margherita, born November 20, 1851, the only daughter of the late Prince Ferdinando of Savoy, Duke of Genoa. Son of the King. Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, born November 11, 1869. Sisters of the King. I. Princess Clotilde, born March 2, 1843; married, January 30, 1859, to Prince Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte, born September 9, 1822; offspring of the union are Napoleon Victor, born July 18, 1862; Louis, born July 16, 1864; and Maria Letizia, born December 20, 1866; married, September 11, 1888, to Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta; widow, January 18, 1890. II. Princess Pia, born October 16, 1847; married, September 27, 1862, to the late King Luis I. of Portugal; widow, October 19, 1889. Nephews of the King. Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta, born January 13, 1869; Prince Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin, born November 24, 1870; Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of Abruzzi, born January 30, 1873; Prince Umberto Maria, Count of Salemi, born June 22, 1889-children of the late Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta. Aunt of the King. Princess Elisabetta, born February 4, 1830, the daughter of King Johann of Saxony; married, April 30, 1850, to Prince Ferdinando of Savoy, Duke of Genoa; widow February 10, 1855; re-married, in 1856, to the Marquis of Rapallo. Offspring of the first union are:-1. Princess Margherita, born November 20, 1851; married, April 22, 1868, to King Umberto I. 2. Prince |