Denkschrift über die Deutschen Schutzgebiete. Reichstagsdrucksache. 6. LegislaturPeriode, II. Session, 1884-86, Nr. 44. Berlin. Deutscher Reichs- und Königl. Preussischer Staats-Anzeiger. Berlin, 1890. Deutsches Handelsarchiv. Zeitschrift für Handel und Gewerbe. Herausgegeben vom Reichsamt des Innern. Berlin (monthly). Deutsches Kolonialblatt. Berlin, 1890 (Fortnightly). Die Deutsche Armee und die Kaiserliche Marine. Eintheilung, Truppen, &c. Bearbeitet in der kartographischen Abtheilung der Königl. Landesaufnahme. 1. Jahrgang. Berlin, 1888. Genealogie der Europäischen Regentenhäuser für 1890. 8. Berlin, 1890. Handbuch für das Deutsche Reich auf das Jahr 1890. Bearbeitet im Reichsamt des Innern. Berlin, 1890. Handbuch für die Deutsche Handelsmarine auf das Jahr 1889. Herausgegeben im Reichsamt des Innern. Berlin, 1890. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern. 8. München, 1890. Kalender und Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Königreich Sachsen auf das Jahr 1891. Dresden, 1890. Königlich-Preussischer Staats-Kalender für 1890. 8. Berlin, 1890. Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch. Herausgeg. von dem Königl. Statistisch-topographischen Bureau. 8. Stuttgart, 1890. Monatshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Herausgegeben vom Kaiserlichen Statistischen Amt. Jahrgang 1890. Berlin, 1890. Preussische Statistik. Herausgegeben vom Königlichen Statistischen Bureau in Berlin. Fol. Berlin, 1890. Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Sachsen. Dresden, 1890. Statistik der Deutschen Reichs-Post und Telegraphen-Verwaltung für das Kalenderjahr 1889. 4. Berlin, 1890. Statistik der im Betriebe befindlichen Eisenbahnen Deutschlands. Bearbeitet im ReichsEisenbahn Amt. Betriebsjalır 1888-89. Berlin, 1890. Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Herausgegeben vom Kaiserlichen Statist. Amt. Neue Folge. Band 1-44, to end of 1890. Statistik des Hamburgischen Staats. 4. Hamburg, 1890. Statistisches Handbuch für Elsass-Lothringen. Strassburg, 1890. Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich. Herausgegeben vom Kaiserlichen Statistischen Amt. Elfter Jahrgang, 1890. Berlin, 1890. Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 1. December 1885 im Königreiche Preussen, Berlin, 1886. Zeitschrift des Königl. Preussischen Statistischen Bureaus. 4. Berlin, 1890. Zeitschrift des K. Sächsischen Statistischen Bureaus. 4. Leipzig, 1890. Hertslet (Sir Edward, C.B.), Foreign Office List. Published annually. London, 1890. Angra Pequeña. Copy of Despatch from the Earl of Derby to H.M.'s High Commission in B. Africa relative to the Establishment of a German Protectorate at Angra Pequeña and along the Coast. London, 1884. Arrangement between Great Britain and Germany relative to their respective Spheres in Africa. London, 1885. The same with reference to New Guinea. London, 1885. Correspondence relating to Zanzibar. London, 1885. Correspondence respecting Affairs in the Cameroons. London, 1885. Trade of Germany with the United Kingdom; in Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions for the year 1889.' London, 1890. Weissbuch. Official Correspondence relating to German Possessions in Africa and the Pacific, and to the Congo Egypt, and East Asia. 8 vols. Berlin, 1884-1830. 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Baring-Gould (S.), Germany, Past and Present. 2 vols. 8. London, 1881. Brückner, Jahrbuch der Deutschen Kolonialpolitik und des Export. Berlin, 1887-89. Büttner (C. G.), Das Hinterland von Walfischbai und Angra Pequeña. Heidelberg, 1884. Demay (Charles), Histoire de la Colonisation Allemande. Paris, 1890. Dilthey (R.), Der Wirthschaftliche Werth von Deutsch. Ost-Afrika. Düsseldorf, 1889. Deutsche Kolonialzeitung, Organ der Deutschen Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin (fortnightly). Export, Organ des Centralvereins für Handelsgeographie und Förderung Deutsche Interessen im Auslande. Berlin (weekly). Fircks (A. Freiherr von), Die Volkskraft Deutschland's und Frankreich's. Skizze. 8. Berlin, 1875. Statistische Franco-German War, 1870-71. Authorised translation. 4 vols. London, 1881-83. Gothäischer genealogischer Hof-Kalender auf das Jahr 1890. Gotha, 1891. Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Carl Michael), Die Statistik des Militär-Ersatz-Geschäftes im Deutschen Reiche. Leipzig, 1887. Hübbe-Schleiden, Deutsche Colonisation. Hamburg, 1881. Hue de Grais, Handbuch der Verfassung und Verwaltung in Preussen und dem Deutschen Reiche. 5. Auflage. Berlin, 1886. BOOKS OF REFERENCE Jung (K.E.), Deutsche Kolonien. Leipzig, 1885 Koschitzky (Max von), Deutsche Kolonialgeschichte. Leipzig, 1887 and 1888. Meinecke (G.), Koloniales Jahrbuch. Berlin, 1890–91. Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten. Berlin, 1889-90. 635 Morhain, De l'empire Allemand: sa constitution et son administration. Paris, 1886. Nachrichten über Kaiser Wilhelm's Land und den Bismarck-Archipel. Herausgegeben von der Neu-Guinea Kompagnie, Berlin (at intervals). Neumann (G.), Das Deutsche Reich in geographischer, statistischer und topographischer Beziehung. 2 vols. 8. Berlin, 1872-74. Nicolson (A.), A Sketch of the German Constitution, and of the Events in Germany from 1815 to 1871. 8. London, 1875. Reclus (Elisée), Nouvelle géographie universelle. Vol. III. Paris, 1878. Waitz (Georg), Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte. 5 vols. 8. Kiel, 1871-74. Zöller, Das Togo-Land und die Sklavenküste. Berlin, 1885. Zöller, Die Deutsche Kolonie Kamerun, 2 Bände. Berlin, 1885. GREECE. (KINGDOM OF THE HELLENES.) Reigning King. Georgios I., born December 24, 1845, the second son (Wilhelm) of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-SonderburgGlücksburg, present King of Denmark; elected King of the Hellenes by the National Assembly at Athens, March 18 (30), 1863; accepted the crown, through his father the King of Denmark, acting as his guardian, June 4, 1863; declared of age by decree of the National Assembly, June 27, 1863; landed in Greece November 2, 1863; married, October 27, 1867, to Queen Olga, born August 22 (September 3), 1851, the eldest daughter of Grand-duke Constantine of Russia, brother of the late Emperor Alexander II. Children of the King. I. Prince Konstantinos, heir-apparent, born August 2, 1868 married, October 27, 1889, to Princess Sophia, Princess of Prussia. II. Prince Georgios, born June 24, 1869. III. Princess Alexandra, born August 30, 1870. IV. Prince Nicolaos, born January 21, 1872. V. Princess Maria, born March 3, 1876. VI. Prince Andreas, born February 13, 1882. VII. Prince Christopheros, born August 10, 1888. By decision of the Greek National Assembly of May 15, 1863, a civil list of 1,125,000 drachmai was settled on King Georgios I., to which the Governments of Great Britain, France, and Russia added 4,000l. each, making the total income of the sovereign of Greece about 52,000l. per annum. An annuity of 200,000 drachmai is allowed to the heir-apparent since he came of age in August 1886. Greece, a province of the Turkish Empire since the commencement of the 16th century, gained its independence in the insurrection of 1821-29, and by the Protocol of London, of February 3, 1830, was declared a kingdom, under the protection of Great Britain, France, and Russia. Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg having declined the crown of Greece, on the ground that the boundaries proposed were insufficient, and especially excluded the island of Crete, it was offered to, and accepted by, Prince Otto of Bavaria, CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT 637 who ascended the throne January 25, 1833, being under the age of eighteen. He was expelled the Kingdom, after a reign of 29 years, in October 1862, which event was followed by the election, under the directing guidance of the three protecting Powers, of the present sovereign. The King, according to Art. 49 of the Constitution of 1864, attains his majority upon completing his eighteenth year. Before he ascends the throne, he must take the oath to the Constitution in the presence of the ministers, the sacred synod, the deputies then in the metropolis, and the higher officials of the realm. Within two months at the most the King must convoke the Legislature. If the successor to the throne is either a minor or absent at the time of the King's decease, and no Regent has been appointed, the Legislative Chamber has to assemble of its own accord within ten days after the occurrence of that event. The constitutional royal authority in this case has to be exercised by the ministerial council, until the choice of a Regent, or the arrival of the successor to the throne. The present sovereign is allowed, by special exception, to adhere to the religion in which he was educated, the Protestant Lutheran faith, but his heirs and successors must be members of the Greek Orthodox Church. Constitution and Government. The present Constitution of Greece was elaborated by a Constituent Assembly, elected in December 1863, and adopted October 29, 1864. It vests the whole legislative power in a single chamber of representatives, called the Boulé, elected by manhood suffrage for the term of four years. The elections take place by ballot, and each candidate must be put in nomination by the requisition of at least one-thirtieth of the voters of an electoral district. At the election of 1881 there were 460,163 voters on the list, being 1 voter in every 4.3 of the population; the number who voted was 306,957, or 66 per cent. of the voters. The Boulé must meet annually for not less than three, nor more than six months. No sitting is valid unless at least one-half of the members of the Assembly are present, and no bill can pass into law without an absolute majority of members. Every measure, before being adopted, must be discussed and voted, article by article, thrice, and on three separate days. But the Legislative Assembly has no power to alter the Constitution itself; particular provisions may be reviewed after the lapse of ten years, with the exception of 'fundamental principles.' The Chamber of Deputies, unless specially convoked at an earlier date, for extraordinary occasions, must meet on November 1 (old style) of every year. By a law passed in August 1886 the total number of deputies has been reduced to 150, and the electoral colleges from eparchies have been extended to nomarchies. The deputies are paid 2,000 drachmai each per session, and an extra 1,500 drachmai each for an extra session. The executive is vested in the King and his responsible Min isters, the heads of seven departments. They are the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Marine, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Area and Population. Greece, at the census of 1889, had a total population of 2,187,2081,133,625 males and 1,053,583 females-living on an area of 25,041 English square miles. The territory detached from Turkey, consisting of most of Thessaly and a strip of Epirus, was added to Greece by a treaty with Turkey, executed-under pressure of the Great Powers-June 14, 1881. The Kingdom, excluding these, is divided into 17 nomarchies. In 1879 and 1889 the area and population were as follows: The increase of the population of Greece from 1870 to 1879 was at the rate of 1.87, and from 1879 to 1889 1.05 per cent. per annum. The number of foreigners living in Greece in 1879 was 31,969, of whom 23,133 were Turks, 3,104 Italians, 2,187 English, 534 French, 364 Austrians, 314 Germans, 101 Russians. The following table shows the number of births, deaths, and marriages, |