We have feen him purfuing truth in all the ways fhe can be purfued; and we have felt, by his masterly mode of proceeding, that He is a real Philofopher: for his whole conduct admirably anfwers the character-fo finely drawn by the author we have quoted-of one of the greatest and beft men of Athens ;-where he fays,

"He knew in the most perfect manner, that there was nothing belonging to reafon but what took its evidence from experience in the way of Art, or from felf evident principles in the way of Science: and, as he was likewife acquainted with the fentiments natural to men, he could, by this means, lay hold upon them by their principles, fentiments, fancies, or imaginations, and fo lead them into vifible abfurdity; —in short, he knew when to inftruct, when to embarrass, and when to pull down pride and felf-conceit." P. i.

He profeffes afterwards, refpecting the fame perfonage;

"So far from enjoying the happiness of his friendship, I have not even the honour of his acquaintance, otherwife than we all have; yet having, from the low horizon of my humble level, difcovered this promontory in the political world, fhall I be blamed for cafting anchor under its fhelter, from the ftorms of prejudice, and the blafts of unthinking and unforgiving ignorance, which would always ruth upon every art, without rule or rudiment ?". P. ii.

Whether the Right Hon. Gentleman alluded to, will confider thefe praises of his temperance, &c. as farcaltic or fincere, is not our bufinefs. We are concerned only with the style; and if the reader be not fatisfied with this burst of eloquence, he may, in the following pages, fee "the ineftimable value of chafte outline," treated with the fame felicity of expreffion, and fublimity of thought; together with an advertisement (which the author himself confeffes, and indeed truly, to be the most important part of his book) inftructing the ignorant, that upwards of fix thoufand choice gems may be had of Mr. Taffie, No. 25, Leicester Square, and all for the trifling fun of fourpence halfpenny a piece!"

"

The author is violent, not only against the exhibitions, but alfo the whole method of ftudy employed in the Royal Academy; to which, in fact, he only objects, that it pursues its objects by fuch methods as are practicable. For why does he affume, that the models from which they draw there, are the worst of both fexes? Does he mean that the worst are studiously fought out, or does he mean that the beft which can be got, are the worst that can poffibly be? Both fuppofitions are abfurd. The author fays, it is a fmall evil to be criticised by reviewers, fince they are often generous out of their own fphere" (p. 8). Let him know then, that the perfon who has chiefly confidered his book, is no profeffed reviewer; but one, whofe studies have been directed intirely to the very arts, which Mr.

C. pro

C. profeffes to recommend. Let him be affured alfo, that we have not, in any degree, been prejudiced against him by the political fentiments conveyed in his addrefs to the reader; fince we have confidered his work, not as politicians, but folely as admirers of the fine arts; in which capacity, we think that it deferves unqualified condemnation. What will ertifts and critics unite to fay, of fuch pallages as the following?

"The works of Caftiglione and Callot, fufficiently explain what is here meant, although they are rocks that few will split on, that are worth preferving; but thofe great men, Michael Angel, and Parmigiano, are quick-fands that have fwallowed up many a promifing youth, and hence the Caraches, who could not withstand their fafcination, established a new school, that has reirsgraded drt to the days we live in." P. 31.

How is a claffical eye fhocked at Phyloctetes, in p. 37! a linguitt, at artif d'amore, in p.12! dilletanti, in p. 30, &c. In p. 42, the author tells us of an impreffion in wax, having a panoramic effect!

To enter into any more detailed criticifm of a work thus executed, is hardly poffible; as we fhould be driven either to controvert every affertion in this fingularly empty and prefuming book, or fubject ourselves to the imputation of giving it our tacit affent; extremes which we would with equally to avoid. We muft, therefore, clofe this article by obferving, that the Plates are precisely what might be expected from fuch a mind as the writing indicates: extravagant in the defign, feeble and without tafte or spirit in the execution: that his *clouds are now "like an suzel," now" like a whale," that poor +Acis has two feet indeed, though but one leg; and to show that the ladies had anciently fome very odd ways, Galatea, when defirous to recline her head on Acis's bofom," turns her back on him, and thrufts her chignon in his face,

ART. X. Efay on National Pride; to which are added, Memoirs of the Author's Life and Writings. Tranflated from the original German of the late celebrated Dr. J. G. Zimmermann, dulic Crunfeller and Physician to his Britannic Majefty, at Hanover. By Samuel Hull Wilcoche. Svo. 200 pp. 5s. Dilly. 1797.

T THE writings of Zimmerman hold too high a place in the public favour, to require any eulogium upon their general merits. Feeling, judgment, and information, are among the leading qualities by which this foreigner flands diftinguished * Plate 10 and 11. + Plate 3. It fhould be faid prefixed. Rev.

as

as an author; and thofe of his publications which have hitherto found their way into the English prefs, have been fought with avidity, and read with fatisfaction. The Effay before us is certainly neither fo intering in its fubject, nor fo engaging in its matter, as to render it equally popular with the celebrated Effay on Solitude; but it mult, at the fame time, be allowed to contain many found and fenfible remarks, interfperfed with a large variety of entertaining and appofite anecdotes, relative to the different features of pride and prejudice in the different nations of the world. It will be manifeft to cur readers, that the fubject of the Effay affords confiderable latitude, and Dr. Zimmerman has puified it under all the different branches to which it is reducible. His illuftrations are uniformly happy, and well fele&ted; and the inftances which he has chofen to exemplify his strictures, difcover a mind well ftored with informa tion, and extenfively acquainted with the hiftory of mankind. From the nature of this fubject, and the analytical manner in which the author has treated it, we fhould find it difficult to prefent any regular extracts, without intruding too greatly upon the indulgence of our readers; we fhall therefore fubjoin the following eulogium on the laudable pride of nations, as a fpecimen of the whole.

"By the propagation, therefore, of a laudable national pride, the love of its country is introduced into every heart. All breafts are acceffible to this pride, and they are all hurried away by the magic of thefe examples, to the invincible attachment it generates. The continual retrofp & of former times, and the continual contemplation of futurity, are reciprocally the caufes and effects of this pride, and of this love. An honeft patriot will fooner die than commit any deed for which his children muft blush when he is laid in his grave; while nothing feems more noble or fublime to him, than the thought that his pofterity will rejoice in his virtues, and be refpected on his account.

When, therefore, by the revival of thefe fentiments, the principles and maxims of a nation take a new turn, the actions of its citizens will likewife be ennobled, and will rife to the level of their acquired fenfations. The man who hopes to attain any poít of honour in the commonwealth, without daring to think on any fubject with manlinefs, freedom, liberality, and penetration, will, infiead of fucceeding in his views, be an object of derifion and contempt. Integrity will ever keep in mind the public welfare, and contribute its utmoft to the promotion of it, notwithitanding mean and little minds may call it improvidence and indifcretion, whofe views are directed wholly towards the benefit of their families. Inequality of condition will lofe its vexatious nature, when there exifts but one political virtue, and when all are united under the noble appellation of citizen*. The attachment to their country will no longer depend merely upon the uncertainty of greater happiness in another; for many will wilZimmerman did not mean citizen in the French ftyle. Rev.

lingly live content with the bare neceffaries, rather than quit their country in purfuit of the luxuries of other climes. Every one will obey his fuperior more from inclination than duty, more from affection than obligation. The government will no more be the foul of many bodies, but rather the foul of one body.

"Thefe advantages will be more difcernible when I confider them in another point of view, and prove how very impatient the cultiva tion of a noble pride is to a nation palfied by the decay of its virtue.

"The noble pride of a nation is diminished or annihilated, when the advantages gained by the virtues of their fathers, are loft through the vices of their defcendants. Times are altered, is a common fay. ing, and the conclufion to be formed from it is neither difficult nor fubtle. Times, to be fure, would be much altered, with regard to a nation who depended on mufcular ftrength of body, if they were to be collected to fight but one battle now the art of flaughter is brought to fuch perfection; yet no one doubts the indifpenfable necetlity of the modern art of war. But it is not only the knowledge of the management of arms that is neceffary to a free-born nation; it muft likewife have an intellectual knowledge, and be endowed with principles and fentiments, and thefe are not inftilled by the blows of a cane, or the found of a drum.

"In this refpect, the change of times makes the refumption of ancient maxims but too needful. Though courage and zeal in the fervice of the state are very often out of fashion, yet they are never ufelefs, always denoting vigour. When, therefore, a nation feems to lofe its fpirit, becaufe its foil is no more dyed with the blood of its fons; when the noble flame, formerly kindled by the love of liberty, is fmothered by an almost universal lethargy; when indolence is chofen for the laft intrenchment; when nurfed in luxury and terror, the mind lofes the whole of its pith and ftrength; when enormous expences make avarice and the thirft of gold a neceffary evil; when cowardice raifes into confideration, and valour depreffes into misfortune; when men, not thinking they ftand any more in need of prowess, fall into every kind of profligacy; when even the crimes which require a certain ftrength and elevation of mind are not to be met with; when felfishnets is no more thought a vice, and the timid prudence of a moment no more a fault in politics; when ambition, instead of endeavouring to excel its rivals, feeks only to blacken them by calumny: then, I fay, the revival of national pride would be a measure of no little efficacy to rekindle the fire of ancient virtue, and reproduce the powers of youth and manhood in the decay of age, when the nation Seems to be near the laft ftruggles of diffolution." P. 241.

From this paffage our readers will fee that the fpirit of Zim merman is to be found in this Eilay; and that it has not been fuffered to evaporate through the medium of translation. The tranflator, indeed, appears fully to have difcharged his duty; and the memoirs which he has prefixed, convey fome very interefting information of a man, whofe name will long be dear to the republic of letters. The following circumstance,

relating

relating to the hypochondriac ftate of mind which haftened the end of this valuable man, may ferve as a fuller contradiction of the erroneous statement which lately crept into our pages.

"The deftructive deluge of barbarifm and anarchy that now recoiled from the conquered provinces of the Roman Empire back to the inhofpitable regions, whence in the fourth century it had emanated, threatened to overwhelm the whole of civilifed Europe. Fears were entertained for the fafety of Hanover; and Dr. Zimmerman, who nourished and profeffed the utmoft deteftation for thefe difturbers of mankind, in the extreme perturbation of mind into which he was now fallen, felt exceffively alarmed, and he could not conquer his dread of perfecution, to which his fted faft and known adherence to the principles of religion and of integrity might poffibly fubject him. In his heated imagination, the evils of an invafion of the French were aggravated, if poffible, even beyond the horror and difinay which thole fons of rapine and deftruction uniformly fpread around them, wherever their baleful career conducted their fanguinary footfteps." P. xxviii.

But a fuiler and more fatisfactory account of Dr. Zimmer man, may be found in his life, by Tiffot, and the two English tranflations of it, which we have lately noticed.

ART. XI. Obfervations on the Dispute between the United States and France, addreffed by Robert Goodise Harper, Efq. one of the Delegates of South Carlina (a State at one Time the moft devoted to the French Intereft, of any in the Union) to his Conflituents, in May, 1797. 8vo. 162 pp. 28. Philadelphia printed. London, reprinted at the Philanthropic Prefs. Wright, &c. 1797.

THE celebrity which this tract has obtained, the important

fubjects of which it treats, and the beneficial effects it is calculated to produce, in opening the eyes of perfons, hitherto deceived by the artifices of France, induce us to give it a full confideration. At this critical period, when a confiderable portion of Europe has been over-run by the arms of France, and almost all the remaining ftates feem to be overawed by her menaces, or duped by her policy, an unbiaffed opinion from the member of a neutral ftate, far removed from the fcene of contention, and comparatively little interested in the event, deferves peculiar notice. It proceeds alfo from one, who, at the commencement of the revolution in France, felt (as he himself admits) a strong partiality for its principles, and a warm zeal for its fuccefs. While France" he says, " appeared to be engaged in a ftruggle for national liberty and inde

pendence