557. THE MOUTH. Who does not know how much the upper lip betokens the sensations of taste, desire, appetite, and the endearments of love? how much it is curled by pride or anger, drawn thin by cunning, smoothed oy benevolence, and made placid by effeminacy? how love and desire, sighs and kisses, cling to it by indescribable traits. The under lip is little more than its supporter, the easy cushion on which the crown of majesty reposes. The chaste and delicate mouth, is one of the first recommendations we meet with in common life. Words are the pictures of the mind; we often judge of the heart by the portal; it holds the flaggon of truth, of love, and enduring friendship.

If there's on earth a cure

For the sunk heart, 'tis this-day after day
To be the blest companion of thy way!-
Tc hear thy angel eloquence-to see
Those virtuous eyes forever turn'd on me;
And, in their light, re-chasten'd silently,
Like the stain'd web, that whitens in the sun,
Grow pure-by being purely shone upon!

558. LANGUAGE OF THE ARMS AND HANDS. The arms are sometimes both thrown out; at others the right alone; they are lifted up as high as the face, to express wonder, or held out before the breast to show fear; when spread forth with open hands, they express lesire and affection; or clasped in surprise on Occasions of sudden grief and joy; the right nand clenched, and the arms brandishedthreaten; the arms set a-kimbo, (one hand on each hip,) makes one look big, or expresses contempt, or courage.

As a beam-o'er the face of the waters-may glow,
While the tide-runs in darkness and coolness below,
So, the cheek may be tinged-with a warm sunny smile,
Though the cold heart-to ruin-runs darkly the while.
One fatal remembrance, one sorrow, that throws
Its bleak shade-alike, o'er our joys, and our woes;
To which dife-nothing darker, or brighter, can bring,
For which joy-has no balm, and affliction-no sting!
Oh! this thought, in the midst of enjoyment will stay,
Like a dead leafless branch-in the summer's bright ray;
The beams of the warm run-play round it in vain,
It may mile-in his light-but it blooms not again!

559. QUINCTILLIAN says, that with the hands, we solicit, refuse, promise, threaten, dismiss, invite, entreat, and express aversion, fear, doubting, denial, asking, affirmation, negation, joy, grief, confession and penitence. With the hands we describe, and point all circumstances of time, place and manner of what we relate; with them we also excite the passions of others and soothe them, approve or disapprove, permit, prohibit, admire and despise; thus, they serve us instead of many sorts of words; and, where the language of the tongue is unknown, or the person is deaf, the language of the hands is understood, and is common to all nations.

Between two worlds-life hovers like a star,

Twixt night and morn, upon the horizon's verge:
How little-do we know that which we are!
How less-what we may be! The eternal surge
Of time and tide-rolls on, and bears afar

Our bubbles; as the old-burst, new-emerge,
Lash'd-from the foam of ages; while the graves
fempires-heave, but like some passing waves.
Your very goodness, and your company,
O'erpay all th❜t I can do.

U

Laconics. 1. There is no great necessity for us to be anxious about what good works we shall do, in order to salvation; because the business of religion is to shun all evils as sins. 2. Never be so sinfully inconsistent, as to tell a child, that sich and such things are naughty, and then, because his self-will is unyielding, leave him to persist u doing it; better, far better would it be, to let the poor child do wrong, in ignorance. 3. Every one should receive a scientific, civil, and religious education, and then he will be fitted for the life that now is, and that which is to come. 4. Teach children what is good and true, and lead them to goodness, by precept and example. 5. Gratitude is the sure basis of an amiable mind.

Anecdote. Right of Discovery. A gen tleman, praising the personal charms of a very homely woman, before Mr. Foot, the comedian, who whispered to him, "And why don't you lay claims to such an accomplished beauty?" "What right have I to her!" said the other. "Every right-by the law of nations, as the first discoverer."

Meanwhile, we'll sacrifice to liberty.

Remember, O my friends, the laws, the rights,
The generous plan of power delivered down,
From age to age, by your renowned forefathers,
(So dearly bought, the price of so much blood;)
O let it never perish in your hands,

But piously transmit it to your children.
Do thou, great liberty, inspire our souls,
And make our lives, in thy possession, happy,
Or our deaths glorious-in thy just defence

Varieties. 1. Will the time ever arrive, when the air will be as full of balloons, as the ocean now is with ships? 2. Reading history and traveling, give a severe trial to our vir tues. 3. It is not right to feel contempt for any thing, to which God has given life and being. 4. Four things belong to a judge: to hear cautiously, to answer wisely, to con sider soberly, and to give judgment without partiality. 5. Regard talents and genius, as solemn mandates to go forth, and labor in your sphere of usefulness, and to keep alive the sacred fire among your fellow men; and turn not these precious gifts, into servants of evil; neither offer them on the altar of vanity, nor sell them for a mess of potage, nor a piece ted States and England, commenced on the of money. 6. The last war between the Uni18th of June, 1812, and continued two years, eight months and eighteen days; when did it end? 7. Let us manage our time as well as we can, there will yet some of it remain un employed.

fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
When wealth accumulates, and men decay.
Princes, and lords, may flourish, or may fade;
A breath can make them, as a breath has made
But a bold peasantry, their country's pride,
When once destroy'd, can never be supplied

The kindest, and the happiest pair,
Will find occasion-to forbear;
And every day, in which they live,
To pity, and, perhaps, forgive.
Full many a shaft-at random sent.
Finds mark-the archer never meant;
And many a word-at random spoken,
May soothe, or wound-a heart that's broken

PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.

560. POLYGLOTT OF BODY AND MIND. Thus, we see that the body, in connection with the mind, speaks many languages; and he is a learned elocutionist, who understands and can speak them. In view of which, well might Hamlet exclaim, "WHAT A PIECE OF WORK IS MAN!" Observe well this strange being, as embodied in the works of the painter, and statuary: in what kingly wondrous manner, appear his force of altitude and looks! Who, but would covet the glorious art of making the flat canvas and rocky marble, utter every passion of the human mind, and touch the soul of the spectator, as if the picture, or statue, spoke the pathetic language of a Shakspeare? Is it any wonder that masterly action, joined with powerful elocution, should be irresistible? If poetry, music, and statuary, is good, is not ORATORY more excellent? for in that we have them all. Woe for those, who trample o'er a mind!

A deathless thing. They know not what they do, Or what they deal with! Man, perchance, may The flow'r his step hath bruis'd; or light anew [bind The torch he quenches; or to music-wind Again the lyre-string from his touch that flew; But, for the soul !-oh! tremble, and beware,To lay rude hands-upon God's mysteries there! 561. THE WRITTEN PAGE can but ill express the nicer shades of sentiment, passion, and emotion which the poet has painted. There are depths of thought, which the eye cannot penetrate-and sublimities of flight, which it cannot reach. The loveliest and sublimest of written poetry-even that contained in sacred scripture-cannot speak to the eye with that vivid power and intensity of expression, drawn from it by the human voice, when trained to the capacity given to it, by the Creator. Hence, the ordained efficiency of preaching; hence, the trembling of Felix, as the great Apostle reasoned-" of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come." So, with the production of the most consummate human genius:

For ill-can poetry express,

Full many a tone-of thought sublime;
And sculpture, mute and motionless,

Steals but one glance from time.

But, by the mighty actor's power,
Their wedded triumphs come:
Verse-ceases-to be airy thought
And sculpture-to be dumb.

562. The following-is an example of the
sublime, falling far short of a hyperbole; for.
as St. John observes, "even the WORLD IT-
SELF-Could not contain the books, that should
be written" on the subject of INFINITE LOVE
and INFINITE WISDOM-displayed in man's
REDEMPTION and SALVATION.
Could we, with ink, the OCEAN fill,

Were the whole earth-a PARCHMENT-made, Were every single stick-a QUILL,

And every man-a SCRIBE by trade;
To write the LOVE OF GOD-to man,
Would drain the OCEAN dry;

Nor would the scroll-contain the plan,
Tho' stretch'd-from SKY to SKY.

The mind-untaught,

Is a dark waste, where fiends and tempests howl;
As Phabus-te the world, is science-to the aul.

Anecdote. No hero was more distinguished in ancient times, than Alexander the Great, king of Macedon. His courage was undaunted, his ambition boundless, his friendship ardent, his taste refined; and what was very extraordinary, he seems to have conversed with the same fire and spirit, with which he fought. Philip, his father, knowing him to be very swift, wished him to run for the prize, at the Olympic games. "I would comply with your request," said Alexander, "if KINGS were to be my competitors."

The ocean-when it rolls aloud-
The tempest-bursting from her cloud,
In one uninterrupted peal!
When darkness sits amid the sky;
And shadowy forms go trooping by;

And everlasting mountains reel--
All-all of this is Freedom's song-

'Tis pealed-'tis pealed eternally!
And all, that winds and waves prolong,
Are anthems rolled to Liberty!

Varieties. 1. Although the truth can ne
has ever pronounced its condemnation. 2.
ver come to condemn, but to save, the world
Garbled extracts from any work, are no more
a correct representation of the work, than
fair specimen of a splendid palace. 3. Never
stone, mortar, boards, glass, and nails, are a
let private interest, poverty, disgrace, danger,
or death, deter you-from asserting the liber-
ty of your country, or from transmitting to
posterity, the sacred rights to which you
were born. 4. What are the pleasures of the
bodily senses, without the pleasures of the
soul? 5. Themistocles, when asked to play
the lute, replied, I cannot play the fiddle, but
I can make a little village a great cily. 6.
The skin-co-operates with the lungs in pu
rifying the blood. 7. How shall we know
that the American government, is founded
on the true principles of human nature? By
learning what the true principles of human
nature are and an extensive induction of facts,
derived from the study of history, and our
own observation.

Yet, though my dust-in earth be laid,
My life on earth-withdrawn;
"Twill be--but as a fleeting shade

Of night-before the dawn!

For I shall spring-beyond the tomb,
To new-immortal prime,

Where all is light, and life, and bloom;
And no more winter-time.

I had a friend, that lov'd me:

Oft water fairest meadows; and the bird,
That flutters least, is longest on the wing.

PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.

A Great Mistake. The sons of the rich so often die poor-and the sons of the poor so often die rich, that it has grown into a proverb; and yet, how many parents are laboring and toiling to aocumulate wealth for their children, and, at the same time, raising them up in habits of indolence and extravagance. Their sons will scatter their property much sooner than they can gather it together. Let them have their heads well stored with useful knowledge, and their hearts with sound and

563. GESTURE, or a just and elegant adaptation of every part of the body to the subject, is an essential part of oratory; and its power is much greater than that of words : for it is the language of nature, and makes its way to the heart, without the utterance of a single word: it affects the eye, (which is the quickest of all our senses,) and of course, conveys impressions more speedily to the mind, than that of the voice, which affects the ear only. Nature, having given to every sentiment and feeling its proper outward expres-virtuous principles, and they will ordinarily taks sion, what we often mean, does not depend so much on our words, as on our manner of speaking them. Art-only adds ease and gracefulness, to what nature and reason dictate. Study the Gesture Engravings thoroughly.

All natural objects have

An echo in the heart. This flesh doth thrill,
And has connection, by some unseen chain,
With its original source and kindred substance:
The mighty forest, the proud tides of ocean,
Sky-cleaving hills, and in the vast air,
The starry constellations; and the sun,
Parent of life exhaustless-these maintain

With the mysterious mind and breathing mould,
A coexistence and community.

MADNESS AND TERROR.

Stretch of Thought. A fellow-student, in consequence of too close application to study, and neglect of proper diet and exercise, became partially deranged; but being very karmless, it was thought best that he should go and come when, and where he pleased; in hope of facilitating his restoration. One Saturday afternoon, he went out through the gardens and fields, and gathered every variety of flowers, from the modest violet to the gaudy sunflower-with which he adorned himself from head to foot, in the most fantastical manner; in which condition he was displaying his imaginary kingly power, on a hillock in the college green, just as the president and one of the professors were going up to attend chapel prayers; when the former observed to the latter-what a great pity that such a noble mind should be thus in ruins! the maniac hearing what he said, rose majestically upon his throne, and with a most piercing look and voice, exclaimed; "What is that you say, old president? you presume to talk thus about me? Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed as I am. You old sinner, come here; and I will tear you limb from limb, and scatter you through infinite space; where Omniscience cannot find you, nor OmnipoLence put you together again.

care of themselves. However affluent may be his
inflicts upon his
circumstances, yet every parent
son a lasting injury, who does not train him up tɔ
habits of virtue, industry and economy.

Anecdote. Francis I., king of France, (opponent and rival of Charles V., of Germany,) consulting with his generals, how to lead his army over the Alps into Italy, his fool, Amarel, sprung from a corner, and advised him to consult how to bring them back again.

A child is born. Now take the germ, and make it
A bud of moral beauty. Let the dews

Of knowledge, and the light of virtue, wake it
In richest fragrance, and in purest hues ;
When passion's gust, and sorrow's tempest shake it,
The shelter of affection-ne'er refuse,
For soon, the gathering hand of death will break t
From its weak stem of life,-and it shall lose
All power to charm; but, if that lonely flowe
Hath swell'd one pleasure, or subdued one pain,
O, who shall say, that it has lived in vain,

However fugitive-its breathing hour?

For virtue-leaves its sweets wherever tasted,
And scatter'd truth is never, never wasted.

Varieties. 1. All those, who have pre-
sented themselves at the door of the world,
with a great truth, have been received with
stones, or hisses. 2. Who has not observed
the changed, and changing condition of the
3. We are indebted to the
uman race?
honastic institutions for the preservation of
4. No good can bring
ancient libraries.
pleasure, unless it be that, for the loss of
which we are prepared. 5. They, who sac.
rifice at the altar of Apollo, are like those,
Iceive the gift of divination, they imbibe the
who drink of the waters of Claros; they re
seeds of death. 6. The same misconduct
in others; because we associate a palliation
which we pardon in ourselves, we condemn
7. What constitutes true mar
with the one, which we cannot perceive in
the other.
riage?

Sheba was never

More cautious of wisdom, and fair virtue,
Than this pure soul shall be;
TRUTH-shall muse her,
Holy and heavenly thoughts-still counsel her.
Can you raise the dead!
Pursue, and overtake-the waves of time?
Bring back again-the hours, the days,
The months, the years, that made me happy?
The heart has tendrils-like the vine,
Which round another's bosom twine,
Outspringing from the living tree-
Of deeply-planted sympathy;

Where flowers are hope, its fruits-are bliss,
Beneficence-its harvest is.

PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.

564. VEHEMENCE OF ACTION. Cicero-
very judiciously observes, that a speaker
must remit, occasionally, the vehemence of
his actions, and not utter every passage
all the force, of which he is capable; so as to
with
set off, more strongly, the emphatical parts;
as painters make their figures stand out bold-
cr, by means of light and shades: there are
always strong points, as they may be called,
in every well written piece, which must al-
ways be attended to,-thus hill and dale,
mountain and precipice, cataract and gulph:
always keep some resources, and never ut-
ter the weaker with all your energy; for if
you do, there will be a failing in the strong
points the most pathetic parts.

In peace, there's nothing so becomes a man,
As modest stillness, and humility:

But, when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Then, imitate the action of the tiger;
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,
Disguise fair nature with hard-favor'd rage;
Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;
Let it pry through the portage of the head,

One-to imagine them, and then search for facts Three Modes of Forming Theories. lect facts, which are only effects. and out of them to sustain, prove and confirm them; one-to colto form theories; and one-to observe all these facts, and look through them to their causes; which causes constitute the only true theories: then, all known or probable effects, will not only confirm such theories, but they can be explained by these theories. Hence, the true theories of all things, will explain and demonstrate all things, so far as they can be seen and understood; i. e. rationally perceived, according to the state and capacity of the human mind. That which enables one to explain a thing, analytically and synthetically, is the true cause or theory of that thing; thus, true theories are the causes of things, and facts are the legitimate effects of those things. The ENDS OF THINGS. There is one step higher, which must be taken, and then we shall have all, that the human mind can conceive of, or think about; which is the end of things: thus we have ends, causes, and effects;

That brow, which was, to me,
A blooming heaven (it was a heaven, for there
Shone forth twin stars of excellence, so brightly,
As though the winds of paradise had fann'd
Their orbed lustre, till they bear'd with love ;)
That brow-was as the sleep-imprison'd lake,
Treasuring the beauty-of the deep blue skies,
Whose charm'd slumber, one small breath will ruffle.
Anecdote. A commonwealth's man, in
England, on his way to the scaffold, for
truth's sake, saw his wife, looking at him
from the tower window, and standing up in
the cart he waved his hat, and cried, To
HEAVEN, my love, to HEAVEN, and I leave
you in the storm awhile."

Well might Lord Herbert write his love-
Were not our souls-immortal made,
Our equal love-would make them such.
Tis sweet to know, there is an eye-will mark,
Our coming, and look brighter,-when we come.

O, colder-than the wind, that freezes
Founts, that but now--in sunshine played,
Is that congealing pang, which seizes
The bursting bosom, when betrayed.

sible, be an object of thought? 2. HumaniVarieties. 1. Can what is incomprehenty, justice, and patriotism--are qualities-of universal benefit to mankind. 3. The only way to expel what is false from the mind, is to receive the opposite truth. 4. Faith-is saving, when we learn truths from the Bible, and live according to them. 5. A man is said to be square, when he does not, from injustice, incline to this or that party. 6 The power of the muscles, is derived through the nerves, as the power of good is from truth. 7. Nothing remains with us, that is not received in freedom.

Look nature through; 'tis revolution all: [night
All change; no death. Day-follows night, and
The dying day; stars rise, and set, and rise;
Earth-takes the example. See, the Summer, gay
With her green chaplet-and ambrosial flowers,
Droops into pallid Autumn: Winter, gray,
Horrid with frost, and turbulent with storm,
Blows Autumn, and his golden fruits, away;-
Favonian, from warm chamb'rs of the south, ['breath
Then, melts into the Spring. Soft Spring, with
Recalls the first. All, to re-flourish, fades;
As in a wheel, all sinks to re-ascend-
Emblems of man, who passes, not expires.
Say, dear, will you not have me?
Then take the kiss-you gave me ;
You elsewhere would, perhaps, bestow it,
And I would be as loath-to owe it;
Or, if you will not take the thing-once given,
Let me kiss you, and then, we shall Deve

And then, alone, would Ila mourn;
And count the hours, till his return,
For when did woman's love expire,
If fondly fanned-the holy fire?

He, that doth public good-for multitudes,
Finds few-are truly gratelu.

566. DEMOSTHENES, the most eminent of Grecian was orators,

of

born 385 years before the christian era, and died by poison, self-administered, to escape the vengeance Antipater, 322 B.C. He was celebrated on account of the Are, strength, and vehemence of his eloquence, which was excited in rousing the Athenians

10

PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.

war with the Macedonians, and in defeating his rivals, who were bribed by the latter. The characteristics of his oratory were, strength, sublimity, piercing energy and force, aided by an emphatic, and vehement elocution; he sometimes, however, degenerated into severity. In reading his orations, we do not meet with any sentiments that are very exalted; they are generally bounded by self-love and a love of the world. His father died when he was seven years old; and his guardians having wasted his property, at the age of seventeen, he appeared against them at the court, and plead his own cause successfully; which encouraged him to speak before the assembly of the people; but he made a perfect failure: after which, he retired, studied and practiced in secret, until he was twenty-five, when he came forward again, and com

menced his brilliant career.

An honest statesman-to a prince-is like
A cedar, planted by a spring, which bathes its
Roots: the grateful tree-rewards it-with the shadow.
By tedious toil,--no passion is expressed:

His hand, who feels the strongest, paints the best.
567. MARCUS
TULLIUS CICERO,
the most distin-
guished of the
Roman orators,
was born 106
years before the
birth of Christ;
and died at the
age of 63. He
made the Greeks
his model; and,
as an orator, he
possessed the
strength of De-
mos-the-nes, the
copiousness of
Plato, and the su
avity of I-soc-ra-
3. His first
cher was the
poet Ar-chi-as;

and in elocution he was taught by A-pol-lo-ni-us
Molo of Rhodes; after which he visited Athens, and
on his return was made quæstor, and then consul;
when he rendered the greatest service to the state,
by the suppression of the conspiracy of Catiline:
he was af erwards banished, and voluntarily re-
tired to Gece, but was soon honorably recalled;
after which, he undertook the prætorship of Cilicia.
In the civil wars of Caesar and Pompey, he adher
ed to the party of the latter; and after the battle of
Pharsalia, was reconciled to Cæsar. but was soon
slain by Pompilius, at the instigation of Marc An-
30

U2

568. EVE. Are not good sense, and good hu
mor of more advantage than beauty? When Adam
is introduced by Milton, describing Eve, in par
dise, and relating to the angel, the impressions he
felt on seeing her, at her first creation, he does not
represent her like a Grecian Venus, by her shape,
or features, but by the lustre of her mind, which
shone in them; and gave them their power of
charming:

Grace--was in all her steps, heaven-in her eye,
In every gesture-dignity, and love.

Anecdote. A Humane Driver Rewarded. A Macedonian soldier, was one day leading before Alexander a mule laden with gold for the king's use; and the beast being so tired, that he could not go, or sustain the load, his driver took it off, and, with great difficulty, carried it himself a considerable way. Alexander, seeing him just sinking under the burden, and about to throw it on the ground, cried out, "Do not be weary yet; try and carry it through to the tent, for it is all thy own."

Faint not, heart of man! though years wane slow!
There have been those, that, from the deepest caves,
And cells of night, and fastnesses, below
The stormy dashing of the ocean-waves,—
Down, farther down-than gold lies hid, have nurs'd
A quenchless hope, and watch'd their time, and burst
On the bright day, like wakeners from the graves!
Varieties. 1. When we got let us
consider what we have to d when we
return, what we have done. 2. There are
many subjects, that are not easily understood;
but it is easy to misrepresent them; and when
arguments cannot be controverted, it is not
difficult for the uncharitable-to calumniate
motives. 3. A man's true character is a greater
secret to himself, than to others; if he judge
himself, he is apt to be partial; if he asks the
opinions of others, he is liable to be deceived.
4. Really learned persons never think of hav
ing finished their education, for they are stu-
dents during life. 5. The insults of others
can never make us wretched, or resenful, if
our hearts are right; the viper, that stings us,
is within. 6. Beware of drawing too broad
and strong conclusions-from feeble and ill-
defined premises. 7. When human policy
wraps one end of the chain round the ancie of
a man, divine justice rivets the other end round
the neck of the tyrant. 8. All who have been
great, without religion, would undoubtedly
have been much greater, and better--with it.

QUALITIES-SURPASSING LOVELINESS.
She had read

Her father's well-filled library-with profit-
And could talk charmingly. Then she would sing,
And play, too, passably,—and dance with spirit;
She sketch'd from nature well, and studied flowers,
Which was enough, alone, to love her for;
Yet she was knowing-in all needle-work,-
And shone-in dairy,—and in kitchen, too,-
As in the PARLOR.

The wise man, said the Bible, walks with God,
Surveys far on--the endless line of life;
Values his soul; thinks of eternity;
Both worlds consides, and provides for both;
With reason's eye--his passions guards; abe:aine
From evil; lives on hope-on hope, the fruit
Of faith; looks upward; purifies his soul;
Expands his wings, and mounts into the sky;
Passes the sun, and gains his Father's house;
And drinks-with angels rom the fount of bliss.