444. There are also three great divisions in POETRY, which is closely allied to music; and both of them originate in the WILL, or affections: and hence, the words of the psalm, hymn, poem, and the music in which they are sung, chanted, or played, constitute the forms, or mediums, through which the affections and sentiments are bodied forth. Is

not genuine music from heaven? and does it
not lead there if not perverted? May not the
same be said of poetry? Woe betide the per-
son, that converts them into occasions of evil!
How blind is pride; what eagles are we still-
In matters that belong to other men;
What beetles-in our own.

Who fights

With passions, and overcomes them, is endued
With the best virtue.-

Nature-to each-allots his proper sphere;
But-that forsaken, we like comets are; [broke,
Tossed thro' the void; by some rude shock we're
And all our boasted fire-is lost in smoke.

Thick waters-show no images of things;

Maxims. 1. Want of punctuality is a species of falsehood. 2. Pay as you go, and keep from small scores. 3. He, that has his heart in his learning, will soon have his learning in his heart. 4. The empty stomach has no cars. 5. A man may talk like a wise man, and yet act like a fool. 6. Rather improve by the errors of others, than find fault with them. 7. The devil turns his back, when he finds the door shut against him. 8. Better be upright, with poverty, than depraved with abundance. 9. The value of things, is never them. 10. None are so deaf as those who will so strongly realized, as when we are deprived of not hear.

Reform. He, that looks back to the his tory of mankind, will often see, that in politics, jurisprudence, religion, and all the great concerns of society, reform-has usually been the work of reason, slowly awakenally acquiring confidence in her own strength, ing from the lethargy of ignorance, graduand ultimately triumphing over the dominion of prejudice and custom.

Varieties. 1. What is mercy and its

Friends-are each others' mirrors, and should be uses? 2. Individuals and nations, fail in

Clearer than crystal, or the mountain springs,
And free from cloud, design, or flattery.

'Tis virtue, that they want; and wanting its Honor-no garments to their backs can fit.

445. THE USES OF ELOQUENCE. In every situation, in all the pursuits of life, may be seen the usefulness and benefits of eloquence. In whatever light we view this subject, it is evident that oratory is not a mere castle in the air: a fairy palace of frost-work; destitute of substance and support. It is like a magnificent temple of Parian marble, exhibiting the most exact and admirable symmetry, and combining all the orders, varieties, and beauties of architecture.

Habits of Industry. It is highly important, that children should be taught to acquire habits of industry; for whatever be their habits while young, such, for the most part, must they continue to be in after life. Children-are apt to think it a great hardship, to be obliged to devote so much time to occupations, at present perhaps, disagreeable to them; but they ought to be made to believe, that their tasks are not only intended for the informing of their minds, but for the bending of their wills. Good habits are as easily acquired as bad ones; with the great advantage of being the only true way to prosperity and happiness.

Anecdote. Conciseness. Louis XIV. who loved a concise style, one day met a priest on the round, whom he asked hastily-"Whence come you? where are you going? what do you want?" The other immediately replied, From Bruges, To Paris, -A Benefice." "You shall have it," replied the king.

Servile doubt

Argues an impotence of mind, that says,一
We fear because we dare not meet misfortune.

nothing they boldly attempt, when sustained by virtuous purpose, and determined resolu tion. 3. Some persons' heads are like beehives: not because they are all in a buzz, but that they have separate cells for every kind of store. 4. What nature offers, with a smiling face, fruit, herb, and grain-are just what man's pure instinct would choose for food. 5. The majority-ought never to trample on the feelings, or violate the just rights of the minority; they should not triumph over the fallen, nor make any but temperate and equitable use of their power 6. Death is the enacted penalty of nature's violated laws. 7. Was it causeless, that washing-was introduced, as a religious rite, secing that its observance is so essential to the preservation of health?

And when the soul is fullest, the hushed tongue,
Voicelessly trembles-like a lute unstrung.
There's beauty-in the deep;
The wave-is bluer than the sky;
And tho' the light-shine bright on high,
More softly do the sea-gems glow,
That sparkle in the depths below;
The rainbow's tints are only made
When on the waters they are laid,
And sun and moon-most sweetly shine
Upon the ocean's level brine:

There's beauty in the deep.
There's music-in the deep :
It is not in the surf's rough roar,
Nor in the whispering, shelly shore-
They are but earthly sounds, that tell
How little of the sea-nymph's shell,
That sends its loud, clear note abroad,
Or winds its softness through the food
Echoes through groves-with coral gas
And dies, on spongy banks, away:
There's music in the deep!

446. OUR FIELD. The orator's field is the niverse of mind and matter, and his subjects, all that is known of God and man. Study the principles of things, and never rest satisfied with the results and applications. All distinguished speakers, whether they ever paid any systematic attention to the principles of elocution or not, in their most successful efforts, conform to them; and their imperfections are the results of deviations from these principles. Think correctly-rather than finely; sound conclusions are much better than beautiful conceptions. Be useful, rather than showy; and speak to the purpose, or not speak at all. Persons become eminent, by the force of mind-the power of thinking comprehensively, deeply, closely, usefully. Rest more on the thought, feeling, and expression, than on the style; for language is like the atmosphere-a medium of vision, intended not to be seen itself, but to make other objects seen; the more transparent however, the better.

Maxims. 1. Poverty of mind is often cоть cealed under the garb of splendor. 2. Vice-is infamous, even in a prince; and virtue, honorable, even in a peasant. 3. Prefer loss-to unjust gain, and solid sense-to wit. 4. He, that would be well spoken of himself, must speak well of others. 5. If every one would mend himself, we should all be mended. 6. A sound mind is not to be shaken with popular applause. 7. The best way to see divine light, is to put out our own 8. Some blame themselves for the purpose of being praised. 9. Nothing needs a trick, but a trick; sincerity loathes one. 10. As virtue has its own reward, so vice has its own punishment.

What is Worth: The spirit of the age says,-" Worth-means wealth; and wisDOM-the art of getting it." To be rich is considered, by most persons-a merit; to be poor, an offence. By this false standard, it is not so important to be wise and good, as to be rich in worldly wealth; thus it is, every thing, as well as every person, has its price, and may be bought or sold; and thus-do we coin our hearts into gold, and exchange our souls for earthly gain. Hence, it is said, "a man is worth so much;"-i. e. worth just as much as his property or money, amount to, and no more. Thus, wealth, worth, or gain, is not applied to science, to knowledge, virtue, or happiness; but to pecuniary acquisition; as if nothing but gold were gain,

Hast thou, in feverish, and unquiet sleep,-
Dreamt-th't some merciless DEMON of the air,
Rais'd thee aloft, and held thee by the hair,
Over the brow of a down-looking steep,
Gaping, below, into a CHASM-so deep,
Th't, by the utmost straining of thine eye,
Thou canst no resting place descry;

Not e'en a bush-to save thee, shouldst thou sweep and everything else were dross. Thus the

Adown the black descent; that then, the hand
Suddenly parted thee, and left thee there,
Holding-but by finger-tips, the bare

body-is Dives, clothed in purple and fine linen, and faring sumptuously every day; while the mind is Lazarus, lying in rags at the gate, and fed with the crumbs, that fall from the tables of Time and Sense.

And jagged ridge above, that seems as sand,
To crumble 'neath thy touch? If so, I deem
Th't thou hast had rather an ugly dream.

447. VOCAL MUSIC. In vocal music, there a union of music and language-the language of affection and thought; which indudes the whole man. Poetry and music are sister arts; their relationship being one of heaven-like intimacy. The essence of poetry consists in fine perceptions, and vivid expressions, of that subtle and mysterious analogy, that exists between the physical and moral world; and it derives its power from the correspondence of natural things with spiritual. Its effect is to elevate the thoughts and affections toward a higher state of existence.

Anecdote. A powerful Stimulous. When Lord Erskine made his debut, at the bar, his

agitation almost overcame him, and he was
just about to sit down. "At that moment,"
said he, "I thought I felt my little children
tugging at my gown, and the idea roused me
to an exertion, of which I did not think my-
self capable."

Tis not enough your counsel still be true;
Blunt truths more mischief than nice falsehoods do.
Men must be taught as if you taught them not,
And things unknown-propos'd as things forgot.
Without good-breeding, truth is disapprov'd;
The only, makes superior sense-belov'd.

Varieties. 1. Instead of dividing mankind into the wise and foolish, the good and wicked, would it not be better to divide them into more or less wise and foolish, more or less good or wicked? 2. It was a proof of low origin, among the ancient Romans, to make mistakes in pronouncing words; for it indicated that one had not been instructed by a nursury maid: what is the inference? That those maids were well educated; particularly, in the pronunciation of the Latin language, and were treated by families as favorites. How many nursery maids of our day enjoy such a reputation, and exert such an influence? Indeed, how many mothers occupy such a pre-eminence? Let wisdom and affection answer, and furnish the remedy. 3. The purest and best of precepts and ex amples should be exhibited to our youth, in the development of their minds, and the for mation of their characters.

The seas are quiet, when the winds are o'er;
So, calm are we, when pasrions-are no more;
For then, we know how vain it was-to boast
Of fleeting things, so certain to be lost.
Clouds of affliction-from our younger eyes,
Conceal that emptiness, that age descries;
The soul's dark cottage, batter'd and dreay'd,
Lets in new light, through chinks, that time has made

448. THE HUMAN VOICE. Among all | Maxims. 1. Blind men must not undertake to the wonderful varieties of artificial instru- judge of colors. 2. Gamesters and race horses nevments, which discourse excellent music, er last long. 3. Forgiveness and smiles are the

where shall we find one that can be compared to the human voice? And where can we find an instrument comparable to the human mind? upon whose stops the real musician, the poet, and the orator, sometimes lays his hands, and avails himself of the entire compass of its magnificent capacities! Oh! the length, the breadth, the height, and the depth of music and eloquence! They are high as heaven, deep as hell, and broad as the uni

verse.

THE POWER OF IMAGINATION.

The lunatic, the lover, and the poet,
Are, of IMAGINATION-all compact:
One-sees more devils-than vast hell can hold;
That is the MADMAN: the LOVER, all as frantic,
Sees Helen's beauty-in a brow of Egypt:

The POET's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, [HEAVEN;
Doth glance from HEAVEN-to earth, from earth-to
And, as IMAGINATION-bodies forth

The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen,
Forms them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing,
A local habitation, and a name.

449. CICERO AND DEMOSTHENES. An orator, addressing himself more to the passions, naturally has much passionate ardor; whilst another, possessing an elevation of style and majestic gravity, is never cold, though he has not the same vehemence: in this respect do these great orators differ. Demosthenes-abounds in concise sublimity; Cicero, in diffuseness: the former, on account of his destroying, and consuming everything by his violence, rapidity, strength, and vehemence, may be compared to a hurricane, or thunderbolt: the latter, to a wide extended conflagration, spreading in every direction, with a great, constant, and irresistible flame.

Anecdote. Envy and Jealousy. Colonel Thornton, of the British army, could not bear to hear the Americans praised. When he was at Charleston, S. C., some ladies were eulogising Washington; to which he replied, with a scornful air, "I should be very glad to get a sight of your Col. Washington; I have heard much talk about him, but have never seen him." "Had you looked behind you, at the battle of Cowpens," rejoined one of the ladies, "you might easily have enjoyed that pleasure."

With illustration simple, yet profound, and with unfaltering zeal
He spake from a warm heart, and made even cold hearts feel;
This is eloquence-'tis the intense,

In passioned ferver-of a mind, deep fraught
With native energy, when soul, and sense
Burst forth, embodied in the burning thought;
When look, emotion, tone, and all combine;
When the whole man is eloquent with mind;
A form that comes not to the call or quest,
But from the gifted soul, and the deep feeling breast.

The farmers patient care-and toil
Are oftener wanting-than the soil,

best revenge. 4. They, are not our best friends,
who praise us to our faces. 5. An honest man's
word is as good as his bond. 6. Never fish for
praise; it is not worth the bait. 7. None but a
good man can become a perfect orator. 8. Culti-
vate a love of truth, and cleave to it with a'l your
heart. 9. Female delicacy is the best prozervative
weak minds, and the holliday of fools.
of female honor. 10. Idleness is the refuge of

The Trine in Man. There are three things of which human beings consist, the soul, the mind and the body; the inmost is the soul, the mediate is the mind, and the ultimate the body: the first is that which receives life from Him, who is life itself; the second, is the sphere of the activities of that life; and the third, is the medium through which those activities are manifested: but it should be remembered, that there is, as the apostle says, " a natural body, and there is a spiritual body."

Varieties. 1. Nature-makes no emendations; she labors for all: her's is not mosaic work. 2. The more there is prosaic iu orators, poets and artists, the less are they natural; the less do they resemble the copious streams of the fountain. 3. The more there is of progression, the more there is of truth, and nature; and the more extensive, general, durable, and noble is the effect: thus is formed the least plant, and the most exalted man. 4. Nature is everywhere similar to herself; she never acts arbitrarily, never contrary to her laws: the same wisdom and power produce all varieties, agree ble to one law, one will. Either all thing are subject to the law of order, or nothing is Home! how that blessed word-thrills the ear'

In it-what recollections blend!

It tells of childhood's scenes so dear,

And speaks-of many a cherished friend.
O! through the world, where'er we roam,
Though souls be pure-and lips be kind,
The heart-with fondness--turns to home,
Still turns to those-it left behind.

The bird, that soars to yonder skies,

Though nigh to heaven, still seems unblessed;
It leaves them, and with rapture flies

Downward to its own much-loved nest.
Though beauteous scenes-may meet its view
And breezes blow-from balmy groves,
With wing untired-and bosom true,
It turns to that dear spot it loves.
When heaven-shall bid this soul depart,
This form-return to kindred earth,
May the last throb, which swells my heart
Heave, where it started into birth.
And should affection-shed one tear;

Should friendship-linger round my tomb;
The tribute will be doubly dear,

When given by those of "home, sweet home."

450. POETRY-may be written in rhyme, Orank verse. Rhyme is the correspondence of sounds, in the ending of two (or mere successive or alternate words or syllaoles of two or more lines, forming a couplet triplet: see the various examples given. Rythmus, in the poetic art, means the relative duration of the time occupied in pro- to-day. 6. Without a friend, the world is but a

1

452. OBSERVATIONS. No one can ever Maxims. 1. A people's education-is a na

become a good reader, or speaker, by reading in a book; because what is thus acquired is more from thought than from feeling ; and of course, has less of freedom in it; and we are, from the necessity of the case, more or less constrained and mechanical. What we hear, enters more directly into the affectuous part of the mind, than what we see, and becomes more readily a part of ourselves, i. e. becomes conjoined instead of being adjoined: relatively, as the food which we eat, digests and is appropriated, and a plaster that is merely stuck on the body. Thus, we can see a philosophic reason why faith is said to come by hearing, and that we walk by faith, and not by sight: i. e. from love, that casts out the fear that hath torment; that fear which enslaves body and mind, instead of making both free.

Ever distinguish substances-from sound;
There is, in liberty, what gods approve;
And only men, like gods, have taste to share;
There is, in liberty, what pride perverts,
To serve sedition, and perplex command.
True liberty-leaves all things free, but guilt;
And fetters everything-but art, and virtue;
False liberty-holds nothing bound, but power,
And lets loose-every tie, that strengthens law.
Home-is man's ark, when trouble springs;
When gathering tempests-shade his morrow;
And woman's love-the bird, that brings

His peace-branch--o'er a flood of sorrow.

tion's best defence. 2. Let not the sun go down upon your wrath. 3. Who aims at excellence, will be above mediocrity; and who aims at mediocrity, will fall short of it. 4. Forbearance is a domestic jewel. 5. The affection of parents is best shown to their children, by teaching them what is good and true. 6. Feeble are the efforts in which the heart has no share. 7. By taking

revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; bat

in passing it over-he is superior. 8. Loveliness needs not the aid of ornament; but is, when un

adorned, adorned the most. 9. No one ever did,

nor ever can, do any one an injury, without doing a greater injury to himself. 10. It is better not to know the truth, than to know it, and not do it.

Pursuit of Knowledge. He, that enlarges his curiosity after the works of nature, demonstrably multiplies the inlets to happiness; therefore, we should cherish ardor in the pursuit of useful knowledge, and remember, that a blighted spring makes a barren year, and that the vernal flowers, however beautiful and gay, are only intended by nature as preparatives to autumnal fruits.

Varieties. 1. Business letters should always be written with great clearness and perspicuity: every paragraph should be so plain, that the dullest fellow cannot mistake it, nor be obliged to read it twice, to under. stand it. 2. Lawyers and their clients remind one of two rows of persons at a fire; one-passing full buckets, the other return

453. CONQUERING-LOVE. To learn al-ing empty ones. 3. The bump of self-esteem

nost any art, or science, appears arduous, or difficult, at first; but if we have a heart for any work, it soon becomes comparatively easy. To make a common watch, or a watch worn in a ring; to sail over the vast ocean, &c., seems at first, almost impossible; yet they are constantly practiced. The grand secret of simplifying a science is analyzing it; in beginning with what is easy, and proceeding to the combinations, difficult, most difficult: by this method, miracles may be wrought: the hill of science must be ascended step by step.

Conceptions. Would it not be well for metaphysicians - to distinguish between the conception of abstract truth, and the conception of past perception, by calling the latter-mental perception, as contradistinguished from all other? Anecdote. Rouge. A female, praising the beautiful color, used by the artist on her miniature, was told by him, that he did not doubt she was a woman of good taste; for they both bought their rouge at the same shop. True philosophy discerns A ray of heavenly light-gilding all forms Terrestrial,-in the vast, the minute, The unambiguous footsteps of a God, Who gives his lustre-to an insect's wing, And wheels his throne, upon the rolling worlds.

is so prominent on some men's heads, that
they can't keep their hats on in a windy day.
4. A crow will fly at the rate of 20 miles an
hour; a hawk, 40; and an eagle 80. 5.
The heaviest fetter, that ever weighed down
the limbs of a captive, is as the robe of the
gossamer, compared with the pledge of a
man of honor. 6. An envious person, wax-
eth lean with the fatness of his neighbor. 7.
Nature-supplies the raw material, and edu
cation-is the manufacturer.

The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego,
And leap, ezulting, like the bounding roe.
Distrustful sense with modest caution speaks ;
It still looks home, and short excursions makes ;
But rattling nonsense in full volleys breaks.
Come, gentle Spring, etherial mildness, come,
And, from the bosom of yon dropping cloud,
While music wakes around,) vailed in a shower
of shadowing roses, on the plains descend.
The man, that dares traduce, because he can,
With safety to himself, is not a man.

Slander-meets no regards from noble minde;
Only the base-believe what the base utter.

If I lose mine honor, I lose myself;
Mine honor-is my life; both grow in one;
Take honor from me-and my life is done
He was a man, take him for all in all,
I shall not look upon his like again.