420. THE SLENDER CHARACTERISTIC OF Maxims. 1. Some are alert in the beginning, VOICE. In all cases, endeavor to express by but negligent in the end. 2. Fear-is often conthe voice and gesture, the sense and feeling, cealed under a show of daring. 3. The remedy is that are designed to be conveyed by the often worse than the disease. 4. A faint heart nevwords; i. e. tell the whole truth. Most of er won a fair lady. 5. No man is free, who does e following words, that Shakspeare puts not govern himself. 6. An angry man opens his into the mouth of Hotspur, descriptive of a mouth, and shuts his eyes. 7. Such as give ear to dandy, requires the use of this peculiarity of slanderers, are as bad as slanderers themselves. voice, in order to exhibit their full meaning. S. A cheerful manner denotes a gentle nature. 9. Proud looks lose hearts, but courteous words-win Conceive how a blunt, straight-forward, honthem. 10. Brevity is the soul of eloquence. est soldier would make his defence, when unjustly accused by his finical superior, of unsoldier-like conduct; and then recite the following.

My liege-I did deny no prisoners.

But I remember, when the fight was done,
When I was dry with rage, and extreme toil,
Breathless, and faint, leaning upon my sword,
Came there a certain lord; neat, trimly dress'd;

Anecdote. Self-interest. When Dr. Franklin applied to the king of Prussia to lend his assistance to America,-"Pray Doctor," says he, "what is the object you mean to attain ?" "Liberty, Sire,” replied the philosopher; "Liberty! that freedom, which is the birthright of all men." The king, after a short pause, made this memorable answer:

Fresh as a bridegroom; and his chin, new reap'd," I was born a prince, and am become a king;

Showed like stubble-land-at harvest home.

He was perfumed like a milliner;

And, 'twixt his finger and his thumb, he held

A pouncet-box, which, ever and anon,

and I will not use the powers 1 possess, to the ruin of my own trade."

Of Lying. Lying-supplies those who are addicted to it-with a plausible apology

He gave his nose. And still he smil'd, and talk'd, for every crime, and with a supposed shelter

And as the soldiers-bore dead bodies by,

He called them untaught knaves, unmannerly,
To bring a slovenly, unhandsome corse
Betwixt the wind-and his nobility.
With many holiday, and lady terms,

He question'd me; amongst the rest, demanded

My prisoners, in her majesty's behalf;

from every punishment. It tempts them to rush into danger-from the mere expectation of impunity; and, when practiced with frequent success, it teaches them to confound the gradations of guilt; from the effects of which there is, in their imaginations, at least one sure and common protection. It

I then, all smarting with my wounds, being gall'd corrupts the carly simplicity of youth; it

To be so pestered with a popinjay,

Out of my grief—and my impatience,
Answered negligently,-1 know not what-

He should, or should not; for he made me mad,
To see him shine so brisk, and smell so sweet,
And talk so like a waiting gentlewoman, [mark,)
Of guns, and drums, and wounds, (heaven save the
And telling me the sovreign'st thing on earth,
Was spermaceti-for an inward bruise:
And that it was great pity, (so it was,)
That villanous saltpetre-should be digged,
Out of the bowels of the harmless earth,
Which many a good, tall fellow had destroyed
So cowardly; and, but for these vile guns,
He would himself have been a soldier:
This bald, unjointed chat of his, my lord,
I answered indirectly, as I said;
And I beseech you, let not his report
Come current, for an accusation,

blasts the fairest blossoms of genius; and will most assuredly counteract every effort, by which we may hope to improve the tal ents, and mature the virtues of those whom it infects.

Varieties. 1. A very moderate power, exercised by perseverance, will effect-what direct force could never accomplish. 2. We must not deduce an argument against the use of a thing, from an occasional abuse of it. 3 Should we let a painful and cold attention to manner and voice, chill the warmth of our hearts, in our fervency and zeal in a good cause? 4. Youth-often rush on, impetu ously, in the pursuit of every gratification, heedless of consequences. 5. The adherence to truth-produces much good; and its ap pearances-much mischief. 6. Every one, who does not grow better, as he grows older, Number. Unity—is an abstract concep- is a spendthrift of that time, which is more tion, resembling primary, or incorporeal precious than gold. 7. Obedience to the matter, in its general aggregate; one-ap-truths of the Word, is the life of all; for pertains to things, capable of being numbered, and may be compared to matter, rendered visible under a particular form. Number is not infinite, any more than matter is; but it is the source of that indefinite divisibility, into equal parts, which is the property of all bodies. Thus, unity and one are to be distinguished from each other. Plenty-makes dainty.

Betwixt my love, and your high majesty.

truths are the laws of the heavens, and of the church; obedience-implies the reception of them; so far as we receive, so far we are alive, by the coming of the kingdom within

us.

Whoe'er, amidst the sons

Of reason, valor, liberty, and virtue,
Displays distinguished merit, is a noble
Of Nature's own making.

manner,

421. TREMOR OF VOICE-resembles the trill in singing, and may be indicated in this ; the voice ranging from a quarter of a tone, to several tones. It is made deep in the throat, with a dropping of the jaw; and when properly used, it is very effective and heart-stirring: especially, in the higher kinds of oratory. It heightens joy, mirth, rapture, and exultation; adds pungency to scorn, contempt, and sarcasm deepens the notes of sorrow, and enhances those of distress: often witnessed in children, when manifesting their delights. There are several degrees, from the gross to the most refined.

.

Proverbs. 1. Proud persons have few real friends. 2. Mildness-governs better than anger. 3. No hope should influence as to do evil. 4. Few things are impossible to skill and industry. 5. Diligence-is the mistress of success. 6. Conscience is never dilatory a her warnings. 7. A vain hope flattereth the heart of a fool. 8. Moderate

speed is a sure help to all proceedings. 9. LiberIf you endeavor to be honest, you struggle with yourself.

ality of knowledge makes no one the poorer. 10.

Names. A man, that should cali every thing by its right name, would hardly pass through the streets, without being knocked down as a common enemy.

Varieties. 1. In 1840, there were in the 422. 1. Said Falstaff, of his ragged regi- United States, five hundred and eighty-four ment, "I'll not march through Coventry thousand whites, who could not read or with them, that's flat; no eye hath seen such write; five thousand, seven hundred and carecrow's." Almost every word requires a seventy-three deaf and dumb; five thous kind of chuckle, especially the italic ones; and and twenty-four blind; fourteen thous and by making a motion with the chin, up and five hundred and eight insane, or idiots, and down, the shake of the voice will corres- and two millions four hundred and eightypond to the sign, 2. In seven thousand slaves. 2. As our popula this example we have an instance of a refin- tion increases thirty-four per cent. in ten ed tremor of voice; but the right feeling is ne- years, at this rate, in 1850, our seventeen cessary to produce it naturally. Queen Cath- millions will be twenty-two millions: in arine said, in commending her daughter to 1860, thirty millions; and in 1900, ninetyHenry, " And a little to love her, for her moth-five millions. 3. The regular increase of the er's sake: who loved him-heaven knows how dearly." The coloring matter of the voice is feeling-passion, which gives rise to the qualities of voice; thus, we employ harsh tones in speaking of what we disapprove, and euphoneous ones in describing the objects of love, complacency, admiration, &c. 423. In extemporaneous speaking, or speaking from manuscript, (i. e. making it talk,) when the speaker is under the influence of strong passion, the voice is apt to be carried to the higher pitches: how shall he regain his medium pitch? by changing the passion to one requiring low notes; thus, the surface of his flow of voice, will present the appearance of a country with mountains, hills, and dales. Elocution-relates more to the words and thoughts of others; oratory to our own. To become a good reader and speaker, one must be perfect in elocution, which relates to words: in logic, which relates to thoughts; and in rhetoric, which appertains to the affections: thus involving ends, causes, and effects.

Anecdote. Aged Gallantry. A gallant old gentleman, by the name of Page, who was something of a rhymester, finding a lady's glove at a watering-place, presented it to her, with the following lines:

"If from your glove-you take the letter g, Your glove-is love-which I devote to-thee." To which the lady returned the following

answer:

"If from your Page, you take the letter p.
Your ragis age,-ani that won't do for me."

N. E. states is fourteen per cent; of the middle states twenty-five per cent.; of the southern twenty-two per cent.; and of the western-sixty-eight per cent. 4. Many persons are more anxious to know who Melchisedec was, or what was Paul's thorn in the flesh, than to know what they shall do to be saved. 5. To cure anger, sip of a glass of water, till the fit goes off. 6. An infallible remedy for anxiety-"cast thy burden upon the Lord, and he shall sustain thee.”

TRY TRY AGAIN.

'Tis a lesson-you should heed,
Try, try again;

If at first-you don't succeed,
Try, try again;

Then your courage should appear,
For, if you will persevere,
You will conquer, never fear;
Try, try again.

Once, or twice, though you should fail,
Try, try again;

If you would, at last, prevail,
Try, try again;

If we strive, 'tis no disgrace,

Though we may not win the race;
What should you do in the case?
Try, try again.

If you find your task is hard,
Try, try again;

Time will bring you your reward,
Try, try again;

All that other folks can do,
Why, with patience, should not you?
Only keep this rule in view,

TRY, TRY AGAIN,

424. Before entering on a consideration and illustration of the Passions, the pupil is urged to revise the preceding lessons and exercises; but do not be deceived with the idea, that thinking about them is enough, or reading them over silently; join practice with thought, and the effects are yours. One of the great difficulties in thinking about any art or science, and witnessing the efforts of others in their presentation, is-that one's taste is so far in advance of his own practice, that he becomes disgusted with it, and despairs of his success. Let us remember that nothing is truly our own, that we do not understand, love and practice.

HAMLET'S INSTRUCTIONS ON DELIVERY.

Proverbs. 1. Beauty is 10 longer amiable, than while virtue adorns it. 2. Past services should never be forgotten. 3. A known enemy is better than a treacherous friend. 4. Don't engage in any undertaking, if your conscience says no to it. 5. Benefits and injuries receive their value from the intention. 6. We should give by choice, and not by hazard. 7. He, that does ɔd to another, from proper motives, does good also to himself. 8. He that is false to God can never be trus to man. 9. A good principle is sure to produce a good practice. 10. None are truly wise, but those that are pure in heart.

Anecdote. Contrary. A woman, having fallen into a river, her husband went to look for her, proceeding up stream from where she fell in. The bystanders asked him if he was mad? she could not have gone against the stream. The man answered:

She was obstinate and contrary in her lifetime, and I suppose for certain she is so at her death."

has been called intuitive proposition, only by reasoning. When such a principle is clearly admitted, we cannot deny its truth, for a moment: but it is far from being, strictly speaking, an intuitive truth.

Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you; trippingly on the tongue. But if you mouth it, as many of our players do, I had as lief the town-crier had spoke my lines. And do not saw the air too much with your hand; but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, WHIRLWIND of your passion, you must Intuition. We cannot have an idea of acquire and beget a temperance, that may give it one, without the idea of another to which it smoothness. Oh! it offends me to the soul, to hear is related. We then get the idea of two, a robustious, periwig-pated fellow tear a passion by contemplating them both; referring, abto tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the stractly, to one of them. We say one and groundlings; who, (for the most part,) are capa-one are equal to two; one one, is less than ble of nothing, but inexplicable dumb-show and two ones; therefore, one does not equal two. noise. I would have such a fellow whipp'd for One and one, are the parts of two, and the o'erdoing termagant, it out-Herod's Herod. Pray parts of a thing are equal to the whole of it. you, avoid it. Be not too tame, neither; but letThus, we come to the knowledge of what your own discretion be your tutor. Suit the action-to the word, the wo--to the action; with this special observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for anything, so overdone, is from the purpose of playing; whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is-to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn-her own image,—and the very age and body of the time, his form and pressure. Now, this overdone, or come tardy off, though it may make the unskillful laugh, cannot but make the judicious-grieve: the censure of one of which, must, in your allowance, o'erweigh a whole theatre of others. Oh! there be players that I have seen play, and heard others praise, and that high ly, that, neither having the accent of christian, nor the gait of christian, pagan, nor man, have so strutted and bellowed, that I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made them well; they imitated humanity so abominably.

Varieties. 1. The virtues of the country are with our women, and the only remaining hope of the resurrection of the genius and character of the nation, rests with them. 2. The present-is the parent of the future. 3. The last words of the Indian chief, who died at Washington, in 1824, were. When

I

am gone, let the big guns he fired over me." 4. Beware of turning away from dowould do, if you only had the means. 5. ing good, by thinking how much good you The pleasure of thinking on important subjects, with a view to communicate our tho'ts to the unfolding minds around us, is a most exquisite pleasure. 6. Principle and prac tice must go hand in hand, to make the man, or woman. 7. The time is fast ap425. TENDENCIES OF OUR LANGUAGE.proaching, when the mind will strike out As our language abounds in monosyllables, new fields, and view itself, its Creator, and it affords good means to deliver our thoughts the Universe from new positions. in few sounds, and thereby favors despatch. which is one of our characteristics; and when we use words of more than one syllable, we readily contract them some, by our rapid pronunciation, or by the omission of some vowel; as, drown'd, walk'd, dips; instead of drown-ed, walk-ed, dip-peth, &c.; and even proper names of several syllables, when familiarized, often dwindle down into monosyllables; whereas, in other languages, they receive a softer turn, by the addition at a new syllable.

HOPE.

Why do those cliffs of shadowy tint appear,
More sweet than all the landscapes shining near!
"Tis distance lends enchantment to the view,
And robes the mountain in its azure hue!
Thus with delight we linger to survey
The promis'd joys of life's unmeasur'd way
Thus from afar, each dim discover'd scene,
More pleasing seems than all the past hath been
And every form that fancy can repair,
From dark oblivion, glows divinely there.

426. A just delivery consists in a distinct Proverbs. 1. To fail, or not to fail; that articulation of words, pronounced in proper tones, suitably varied to the sense, and the emotions of the mind; with due observation of accent, the several gradations of emphasis; pauses or rests in proper places, and well measured degrees of time; and the whole accompanied with expressive looks, and significant gestures. To conceive, and to execute, are two different things: the first may arise from study and observation; the second is the effect of practice.

is the question. 2. He, that loveth pleasure, shall be a poor man. 3. Flattery is a dazzling meteor that casts a delusive glare before the mental eye seduces the imagination, perverts the judgment, 4. Mankind and silences the dictates of reason. are governed more by feeling and impulse, than by reason and reflection. 5. Our duty and true laugh, is often an act of wisdom. 7. No one can interest, always unite. 6. An occasional hearty be great, who is not virtuous. 8. We make more than half the evils we feel. 9. No one can estimate the value of a pious, discreet, and faithful 427. RULES FOR THE'. When ques-mother. 10. The boy-is the father of the man. tions are not answered by yes or no; as, Who Anecdote. Tallow and Talent. Fletcher, is that lady? In AFFIRMATIVE sentences; as-I am prepared to go: language of AUTHORITY; as-Back to thy punishment, false fugitive: TERROR; as- -The light burns blue: suRPRISE; as-Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet: REPREHENSION; as-You are very much to blame for suffering him to pass: INDIGNATION: Go-false fellow, and let me never see your face again: CONTEMPг; as-To live in awe of such a thing as I myself: EXCLAMATION O nature! how honorable is thy empire! RHETORICAL DIALOGUE, when one or more persons are represented; as-James said, Charles, go and do as you were bidden; and John said, he need not go at present, for I have something for him to do: and the FINAL PAUSE; as-All general rules have some exceptions.

428. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is there more than one God? 2. Was the world created out of nothing? 3. What is the meaning of the expression, "let us make man in our image, after our likeness ?" 4. By what means can we become happy? 5. Can we be a friend, and an enemy, at the same time? 6. Are miracles the most convincing evidences of truth? 7. Will dying for principles, prove any thing more than the sincerity of the martyr? S. Is it possible for a created being to merit salvation by good works? 9. Have we life of our own; or are we dependent on God for it every moment? 10. What is the difference between good and evil? 11.. Is any law independent of its maker? 12. Are miracles-violations of nature's laws? 429. Some think matter is all, and manner little or nothing; but if one were to speak the sense of an angel in bad words, and with a disagreeable utterance, few would listen to him with much pleasure or profit. The figure of Adonis, with an awkward air, and ungraceful motion, would be disgusting instead of pleasing.

Reader, whosoe'er thou art,

What thy God has given, impart ;
Ilide it not within the ground;
Send the cup of Ilessing round.

bishop of Nesmes, was the son of a tallow chandler. A great duke once endeavored to mortify the prelate, by saying to him, at the king's levee, that he smelt of tallow. To which the bishop replied, "My lord, I an the son of a chandler, it is true, and if you lordship had been the same, you would have remained a chandler all the days of your life.

Disinterestedness-is the very flower of all the virtues, a manifestation—in the heart of one who feels and ucts from it, of heaven on earth, the very reflection of the sun of Parudise. If mankind more generally, knew how beautiful it is to serve others, from the love of doing them good, there would not be so much cold and narrow selfishness in the world. When we have contributed most to the happiness of others, we are receptive ourselves of the most happiness.

Varieties. 1. Never repay kindness with unkindness. 2. Is pride-commendable? 3. No guarantee for the conduct of nations, or individuals, ought to be stronger than that which honor imposes. 4. True patriotism labors for civil and religious liberty all over the world-for universal freedom; the liberty and happiness of the human race. 5. What is charity, and what are its fruits? 6. When persons are reduced to want, by their own laziness, or vices, is it a duty to relieve them? 7. To read Milton's Paradise Lost, ment of the Essay on Man, is said to have is the pleasure of but few. 8. The argubeen written by Bolingbroke, and versified by Pope. 9. Painting, Sculpture and Architecture are three subjects, on which nearly to conceal ignorance, if they cannot display all persons, of polite education, are compelled knowledge. 10. Is labor-a blessing, or a

a curse?

Music-oh! how faint, how weak!
LANGUAGE-fades before thy spell;
Why should feeling-ever speak,

When thou canst breathe her soul-so well.
Ah! why will kings-forget-that they are men,
And MEN, that they are brethren? [the ties
Why delight-in human sacrifice! Why burst
Of NATURE, that should knit their souls together
In one soft band-of amity and love!