387. Cadence-means a descent, or fall of the voice: here, it means the proper manner of closing a sentence. In the preceding examples, the pupil sees how it is made. The best cadence, that which rests most pleasantly on the ear, is the fall of a triad; i. e. a regular gradation of three notes from the prevalent pitch of voice; which is generally the fourth or fifth: tho' different voices are keyed on different pitches: hence, each must be governed by his own peculiarities in this respect. Beware of confounding cadence with inflections; and never end a sentence with a feeble and depressed utterance. The' rature-weigh our talents, and dispense, To every man, his modicum of sense, Yet-much-depends, as in the tiller's toil, On culture, and the sowing of the soil.

Tis not to stalk about, and draw in fresh air,
From time to time, or gaze upon the sun;
'Tis to be FREE.

388. WORD-PAINTING. There is nothing in any of the other fine arts, but what is involved in oratory. The letters are analogous to uncompounded paints; words to paints prepared for use; and, when arranged into appropriate and significant sentences, they form pictures of the ideas on the canvas of the imagination: hence, composition, whether written or spoken, is like a picture, exhibiting a great variety of features, not only with prominence, but with degrees of prominence: to do which, the painter, speaker, or writer, applies shades of the same color to features of the same class, and opposing colors to those of different classes. Government. The ordinary division of governments into republican, monarchical, and despotic, appearsessentially erroneous; for there are but two kinds of government, good and bad: governments are national and special. The essence of the formerconsists in the will of the nation constitutionally expressed; that of the latter, where there are other sources of power, or right, than the will of the nation.

Anecdote. Punctual Hearer. A woman, who always used to attend public worship with great punctuality, and took care to be always in time, was asked how it was -she could always come so early; she answered very wisely, "that it was part of her religion-not to disturb the religion of others"

I hate to see a scholar gape,
And yawn upon his seat,
Or lay his head upon his desk,
As if almost asleep.

Laconics. 1. No change in external appearance, can alter that, which is radically wrong. 2. Seize an opportunity, when it presents itself; if once lost, it may never be regained. 3. Vicious men, endeavor to impose on the world, by assuming a semblance of virtue, to conceal their bad habits, and evil propensities. 4. Beware of selflove, for it hardens the heart, and shuts the mind to all that is good and true. 5. The excessive pleasure one feels-in talking of himself, ought to make him apprehensive, that he affords little to his au. ditor. 6. In our intercourse with the world, we should often ask ourselves this question-How would I like to be treated thus? 7. In all ages and countries, unprincipled men may be found, who will slander the most upright character, and find others as base as themselves, to join in the propagation of their falsehoods.

Confinement of Debtors. The prosperity of a people is proportionate to the number of hands and minds usefully employed. To the community, sedition is a fever, corruption is a gangrene, and idleness is an atrophy. Whatever body, and whatever society-wastes more than it acquires, must gradually decay: and every being, that continues to be fed, and ceases to labor, takes away something from the public stock. The confinement, therefore, of any man in the sloth and darkness of a prison, is a loss to the nation, and no gain to the creditor. For, of the multitudes, who are pining in those cells of misery, a very small part is suspected of any fraudulent act, by which they retain, what belongs to others. The rest are imprisoned by the wantonness of pride, the malignity of revenge, or the acrimony of disappointed expectation.

VARIETIES.

"Tis slander:

Whose edge-is sharper than the sword, whose tongue
Outvenoms all the worms of Nile; whose breath-
Rides on the sporting winds, and doth belie
All corners of the world: kings, queens, and states,
Maids and matrons, the secrets of the grave-
This viperous slander enters.
Mercy to him that shows it, is the rule,
And righteous limitation of its act,

By which heaven moves, in pardoning guilty man.
And he, that shotes none, (being ripe in years,
And conscious of the outrage he commits,)
Shall seek it, and not find it, in his turn.
His words are bonds; his oaths are oracles;
His love-sincere; his thoughts-immaculate;
His tears-pure messengers, sent from his heart:

His heart is as far from fraud, -as heaven-from earth.

Be earnest!-why shouldst thou for custom's zuko,

Lay a cold hand upon thy heart's warm pulse, And crush those feelings back, which, uttered, make

Links in the chain of love? Why thus convulse
A soul, that overflows with sympathy
For kindred souls, when thou art called to be

The Heart's Apostle, loving, pure, and true?
The smooth hypocrisies, the polished lies,
The cold dead forms-and hollow mockeries
Current among the many, by the few,

Who know their manhood, should be held in scorn!
Speak freely thy free thought-and other souls
To thine shall answer-as from living coals
Together kindled, light and heat are boru!

rushing loud, indicates dread, alarm, warning, &c.; the soft, their opposites: the tendency of indistinctness is, to remove objects to a distance, throwing them into the background of the picture; and of fullness, to bring them into the fore-ground, making

while plain-dealing is kicked out of doors. 5. Ha is not drunk for nothing, who pays his reckoning with his reason. 6. If the world knew what passe in my mind, what would it think of me. 7. Give neither counsel nor salt, till you are asked for it. 8. Close not a letter-without reading it, nor drink

onist deceives, or imposes upon the ear, making his sounds correspond to those he would represent, near by, and at a distance.

392. FORCIBLE. Now storming fury rose, and clamor; such as heard in heaven, till

now, was never: arms on armor, clashing, brayed horrible discord; and the maddening wheels of brazen chariots raged. Full:high on a throne of royal state, which far outshone the wealth of Ormus, and of Inde; or where the gorgeous East, with richest hand, showers on her kings barbaric, pearl and gold, Satan, EXALTED, sat. Strong: him, the Almighty Power hurled headlong, flaming from the ethereal skies with hideous ruin and combustion, down to bottomless perdition - there to dwell in adamantine chains, and penal fire,-who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms.

SO MILLIONS-are smit-with the glare of a toy:
They grasp at a pebble-and call it-a gem,
And tinsel is gold, (if it glitters.) to them;
Hence, dazzled with beauty, the lover is smit,
The hero-with honor, the poet-with wit;
The fop-with his feather, his snuff-box and cane,
The nymph with her novel, the merchant with gain:
Each finical priest, and polite pulpiteer,
Who dazzles the fancy, and tickles the ear,
With exquisite tropes, and musical style,
As gay as a tulip-as polished as oil,
Seil truth-at the shrine of polite eloquence,
To please the soft taste, and allure the gay sense.

Miscellaneous. 1. Fair sir, you spit on me-on Wednesday last; you spurned mesuch a day; another time-you called me dog; and for these courtesies, I'll lend thee thus much moneys. 2. I stand in the presence of Almighty God, and of the world; and I declare to you, that if you lose this charter, never, no NEVER-will you get another. We are now, perhaps, arrived at the varting point. Here, even HERE, We standon the brink of fate! Pause! for HEAVEN'S sake, pause. 3. Can you raise the dead? Pursue and overtake the wings of time? And can you bring about again, the hours, the DAYS, the YEARS, that made me happy? 4. But grant-that others can, with equal glory, look down on pleasure, and the bait of sense, where-shall we find a man, that bears afflictions, great and majestic in his ills, like Cato?

Oh then, how blind-to all that truth requires, Who think it freedom, where a part-aspire.

are soon parted. 10. If few words-will not inake you wise, many will not.

Anecdote. Charity Sermon. Dean Swift -was requested to preach a charity sermon; but was cautioned about having it too long:

he replied, that they should have nothing to fear on that score. He chose for his text these words" He that hath pity on the poor, lendeth unto the Lord, and that which he hath given will he pay him again." The Dean, after looking around, and repeating his text in a still more emphatic manner, added-" My beloved friends, you hear the terms of the loan; and now, if you like the security, down with your dust." The result was, as might be expected, a very large collection.

Precept and Example. Example works more cures than precept; for words, without practice, are but councils without effect. When we do as we say, it is a confirmation of the rule; but when our lives and doctrines do not agree, it looks as if the lesson were either too hard for us, or the advice not worth following. If a priest-design to edify by his sermons, concerning the punishment of the other world, let him renounce his lust, pride, avarice, and contentiousness; for whoever would make another believe a danger, must first show that he is apprehensive of it himself.

Varieties. 1. The first book read, and the last one laid aside, in the child's library, is the mother: every look, word, tone, and gesture, nay, even dress itself-makes an everlasting impression. 2. One who is conscious of qualities, deserving of respect, and attention, is seldom solicitous about them; but a contemptible spirit-wishes to hide itself from its own view, and that of others, by show, bluster and arrogant pretensions. 3. The blood of a coward, would stain the character of an honorable man; hence, when we chastise such wretches, we should do it with the utmost calmness of temper. 4. Cultivate the habit of directing the mind, intently, to whatever is presented to it; this is the foundation of a sound intellectual character. 0. We are too apt, when a jest is turned upon ourselves, to think that insufferable, in an other, which we looked upon as very pretty and facetious, when the humor was our own, Never purchase friendship by gifts.

BEAUTY, WIT AND GOLD.

In her bower-a widow dwelt;
At her feet-three suitors knelt:
Each-adored the widow much,
Each-essayed her heart to touch;
One-had wit, and one-had gold,
And one-was cast in beauty's mould;
Guess-which was it-won the prize,
Purse, or tongue, or handsome eyes?
First, appeared the handsome man,
Proudly peeping o'er her fan;
Red his lips, and white his skin;
Could such beauty-fail to win?
Then-stepped forth-the man of gold,
Cash he counted, coin he told,
Wealth-the burden of his tale;
Could such golden projects fail?
Then, the man of wit, and sense,
Moved her with his eloquence;
Now, she heard him with a sigh;
Now she blushed, she knew not why:
Then, she smiled to hear him speak,
Then, the tear-was on her cheek:
Beauty, vanish! gold, depart!
WIT, has won the widow's heart.

IN POLITENESS, as in everything else, connected with the formation of character, we are too apt to begin on the outside, instead of the inside: instead of beginning with the heart, and trusting to that to form the manners, many begin with the manners, and leave the heart to chance and influences. The golden rule-contains the very life and soul of politeness: "Do unto others--as you would they should do unto you." Unless children and youth are taught-by precept and example, to abhor what is selfish, and prefer another's pleasure and comfort to their own, their politeness will be entirely artificial, and used only when interest and policy dictate. True politeness is perfect freedom and ease, treating others-just as you love to be treated. Nature is always graceful: af fectation, with all her art, can never produce anything half so pleasing. The very perfection of elegance is to imitate nature; how much better to have the reality, than the

others-fetters the freedom of nature, and tends to awkwardness; all would appear well, if they never tried to assume-what they do not possess. Every one is respectable and pleasing, so long as he or she, is perfectly natural and truthful, and speaks and acts from the impulses of an honest and affectionate heart, without any anxiety as to what others think.

Laconies. 1. Modesty-in your discourse, will give a lustre--to truth, and excuse to your errors. 2. Some-are silent, for want of matter, or assurance; others are talkative, for want of sense. 3. To judge of men-by their actions, one would suppose that a great proportion was mad and that the world was one immense mad-house. 4. Prodigals-are rich, for a moment-economists, forever. 5. To do unto others, as we would they should do to us, is a golden maxim, that cannot be too deeply impressed on our minds. 6. Continue to add a little-to what was originally a little, and you will make it a great deal. 7. The value-of sound, correct principles, early implanted in the human mind, is incalculable.

Those who are talentless, themselves, are the first to talk about the conceit of others; for mediocrity-bears but one flower

ENVY.

Anecdote. Too Hard. About one hundred years ago, Mahogany was introduced in England as ballast for a ship, that sailed from the West Indies; and one Dr. Gibbons wished some furniture made of it but the workmen, finding it too hard for their tools, laid it aside. Another effort was made; but the cabinet-maker said it was too hard for his tools. The Doctor told him, he must get stronger tools then: he did so, and his effort was crowned with success. Remember this, ye who think the subject of elocution, as here treated, too difficult: and if you cannot find a way, make one. Press on!

Varieties. 1. A good reader may become a good speaker, singer, painter and sculptor: for there is nothing in any of these arts, that may not be seen in true delivery. 2. Old Parr, who died at the advanced age of 152, gave this advice to his friends; "Keep your head cool by temperance, your feet warm by exercise: rise early, and go early to bed; and if you are inclined to grow fat, keep your eyes open, and your mouth shut." Are not these excellent life-pills? 3. As the lark -sings at the dawn of day, and the nightingale at even, so, should we show forth the loving kindness of the Lord-every morn ing, and his faithfulness--every night. 4. Is not the science of salvation-the greatest of all the sciences? Without a star, or angel-for their guide, Who worship God, shall find him: humble Love, (And not proud Reason,) keeps the door of heaven: Love-finds admission, where Science-fails.

395. MODULATION-signifies the accommodation of the voice, (in its diversifications of all these principles,) to every variety and shade of thought and feeling. The upper pitches of voice, we know, are used in calling persons at a distance, for impassioned emphasis of certain kinds, and for very earnest arguments; the middle pitches for general conversation, and easy familiar speaking, of a descriptive and didactic character; and the lower ones, for cadences, and the exhibition of emphasis in grave and solemn reading and peaking.

396. Who can describe, who delineatethe cheering, the enlivening ray? who the looks of love? who-the soft benignant vibrations of the benevolent eye? who-the twilight, the day of hope? who-the internal efforts of the mind, wrapt in gentleness and humility, to effect good, to diminish evil, and increase present and eternal happiness? who -all the secret impulses and powers, collected in the aspect of the defender, or energy of truth? of the bold friend, or subtle foe-of wisdom? who--the poet's eye, in a fine phrenzy rolling, glancing from heaven--to earth, from earth--to heaven, while imaginalion-bodies forth the form of things unknown.

Notes. The pitch of the voice is exceedingly important in every branch of our subject, and particularly, in the higher parts; and this-an.ong the rest. You must not often raise your voice to the eighth note; for it will be harsh and unpleasant to the ear, and very apt to break: nor drop it to the first note; for then your ar Geulation will be difficult and indistinct, and you cannot impart any life and spirit to your manner and matter; as there is little or to compass below this pitch: both these extremes must be careAully avoided.

Patrick Henry's Treason. When this worthy patriot, (who gave the first impulse to the ball of the revolution,) introduced his celebrated resolution on the stamp act, in the Virginia House of Burgesses, in 1765, as he descanted on the tyranny of that obnoxious act, exclaimed -"Cesar-had his Brutus; Charles the First, his Cromwell; and George the Third"-"Treason!" cried the speaker ; "treasom; treason; TREASON;" re-echoed from every part of the house. It was one of those trying moments, which are decisive of character; but Henry faltered not for an instant; and rising to a loftier attitude, and Axing on the speaker-an eye, flashing with fire, continued--"may PROFIT--by these examples: if this be treason, make the most of it."

The hills, Rock-ribb'd-and ancient as the sun; the valesStretching in pensive quietness-between; The venerable woods; rivers, that move In majesty, and the complaining brooks, That make the meadows green; and, pour'd

Old ocean's gray and melancholy waste:

Are but the solemn decorations all

Of the great tomb of man.

[all,

round

Maxims. 1. The follies of youth-are food for repentance-in old age. 2. Truth-may languish but it can never die. 3. When a vain man hears another praised he thinks himself injured. 4. Antiquity is not always a mark of truth. 5. That trial is not fair-where affection is judge. G. Business-is the salt of life. 7. Dependence-is 2 poor trade. 8. He, who lives upon hope, has but a slender diet, 9. Always taking out of the meal tub, and never putting in, soon comes to the bortom. 10. He, who thinks to deceive Gol, deceives himself

Anecdote. An ill thing. Xenophanus, an old sage, was far from letting a false m. desty lead him into crime and indiscretion, when he was upbraided, and called timorous, because he would not venture his money al any of the games. "I confess," said he, "that I am exceedingly timorous, for I dare not do an ill thing.

Education. It is the duty of the instruc tors of youth to be patient with the dull, and steady with the froward, -to encourage the timid, and repress the insolent, fully to em ploy the minds of their pupils, without overburdening them,--to awaken their fear, without exciting their dislike,--to communi cate the stores of knowledge, according to the capacity of the learner, and to enforce obedience by the strictness of discipline. Above all, it is their bounden duty, to be ever on the watch, and to check the first beginnings of vice. For, valuable as knowledge may be, virtue is infinitely more valuable; and worse than useless are these mental accomplishments, which are accompanied by depravity of heart.

Varieties. 1. Can charcoal-paint fire; chatk-light, or colors-live and breathe? 2. Tattlers-are among the most despicable of bad things; yet even they have their use; for they serve to check the licentiousness-of the tongues of those, who, without the fear of being called to account, through the instrumentality of these babbling knaves, would run riot in backbiting and slander.

Tis the mind, that makes the body rich;
And, as the sun-breaks the darkest cloud,
So, honor-'peareth-in the meanest habit.

No: let the eagle-change his plume,
The leaf-its hue, the flow'r-its bloom;
But ties-around the heart were spun,

That could not, would not, be undone.

Oh, who-the exquisite delights can tell,
The joy, which mutual confidence imparts?
Or who can paint the charm unspeakable,
Which links. in tender bands. two faithful hearts?

6. Many things - are easier felt, than told. 7. It is no proof of a man's understanding, to be able to affirm-whatever he pleases; but, to be able to discern, that what is true, is true, and that what is false, is false is the mark and character of intelligence.

Nature-sells everything for labor.