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376. INTONATIONS. The intonations are opposite to monotones, and mean the rise and fall of the voice, in its natural movements through a sentence: they are demonstrated in music, and here, in elocution. In all common kinds of reading and speaking, the voice should not generally rise and fall more than one note, in its passage from syllable to syllable, and from word to word: its movement will then be gentle, easy and flowing. But when the passion, or sentiment to be exhibited, is powerfully awakening or exciting, it may rise or fall several notes, according to the predominance of feeling.

377. Our (6) SIGHT is the most (4) perfect, and most (5) delightful-of all our senses. (4) It fills the mind with the largest variety of (3) ideas (5) converses with its objects at the greatest (6) distance; and continues the longest in (5) actton, without being (4) tired-or (3) satiated, with its proper enjoyments. The (6) sense of (S) FEELING, can, indeed, give us the idea of (5) extension, (6) shape, and all other properties of matter, th't are perceived by the (5) eye, except (4) colors. (3) At the same time-it is very much (5) straightened and (4) confined in its operations, to the (3) number, (4) bulk, and (5) distance, of its peculiar objects.

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Proverbs. 1. A clear conscience fears no aecusation. 2. An open door will tempt a saint. 3 Confidence - is the companion of success. Cruelty to a woman is the crime of a monster. 5. A smart reproof is better than smooth deceit. 6. Ada not trouble to the grief-worn heart. 7. Affectation -is at best a deformity. 8. Bear misfortunes with patience and fortitude. 9. A good mazim is never out of season. 10. Ambition-never looks behind. 11. A wise man wants but little. 12. Knowledge -makes no one happy.

Anecdote. A tragedy of Æschylus was once represented before the Athenians, in which it was said of one of the characters, "that he cared more to be just, than to appear so." At these words, all eyes were instantly turned upon Aristides, as the man who, of all the Greeks, most merited that distinguish ed character: and ever after he received, by universal consent, the surname of "The Just."

Courtesy. St. Paul, addressing himself to christians of all grades and classes, even down to menial servants, exhorts them to be courteous. Courteousness-must mean, therefore, a something, which is within the reach of all sorts of people; and, in its primary and best sense, is exactly such a behavior, as spontaneously springs from a heart, warm with benevolence, and unwilling to give needless pain, or uneasiness to a fellow-being. We have no more right, wantonly or carelessly

378. When we read, or speak, without any feeling, the voice ranges between our first and fourth notes; when there is a moderate to wound the mind, than to wound the body degree of feeling, and the subject somewhat of a fellow-being; and, in many instances,

interesting, it ranges between our second and *sixth notes; when there is a high degree of feeling and interest, it ranges between our

fourth and eighth notes; descending, how

ever, to the third and first, in a cadence, or close of the effort. It is highly necessary to keep the voice afloat, and never let it run dground; that is, let the feeling and thought keep it on the proper pitches, and do not let it descend to the first, or ground-note, till the piece is completed; except in depressed monotony. Memorize the preceding, and talk it off in an easy, graceful and appropriate

manner.

Abstract Question. Which is more probable, that our judgment, in respect to external phenomena, has been warped, by comparing their operations with those of the mind; or, that our metaphysical mistakes have been occasioned, by forming a false analogy be

the former is the more cruel of the two. Varieties. 1. Some start in life, without

any leading object at all; some, with a low

aim, and some, with a high one; and just in proportion to the elevation at which they aim, will generally be their success. 2. Guard against fraud, and imposition; and forego some advantages, rather than gain them at a risk, that cannot be ascertained. 3. In the determination of doubtful and intricate cases, the nicest discrimination, and great solidity of judgment, are required. 4. We have an instinctive expectation of finding nature everywhere the same, -always consistent, and truc to herself; but whence this expec tation? 5. Is there not something in the native air of true freedom, to alter, expand, and improve the external form, as well as the internal? 6. Is not affluence-a snare, and

tween its internal operations, and outward poverty, a temptation? 7. Man is a true

ppearances ?

The midnight moon-serenely smiles
O'er nature's soft repose;

No towering cloud obscures the sky,
No ruffling tempest blows.
Now, every passion-sinks to rest;
The throbbing heart lies still;
And varying schemes of life-no more
Distract the laboring will

epitome of the spiritual world, or world of mind; and to know himself, is the perfection of wisdom.

CURIOSITY.

It came from Heaven,-it reign'd in Eden's shades,
It roves on earth-and every walk invades:
Childhood and age-alike its influence own,
It haunts the beggar's nook, the monarch's throne
Hangs o'er the cradle, leans above the bier,
Gazed on old Babel's tower, and lingers hers

379. INTONATIONS AND MELODY OF Laconies. 1. By minding our own business,

SPEECH. By the first is meant the movement of the voice through the different notes of the scale, as-cending and DE-scending, with an appropriate and agreeable variety of sounds; by the second, an agreeable succession of sounds, either in speech or song. A dull repetition of words or sounds, on nearly the same pitch, is very grating to the ear, and disgusting to correct taste; and yet

it is one of the most common faults of the

bar, the senate and pulpit; indeed, in every place where there is public speaking: which is the melancholy result of the usual course of teaching children to read.

380. EXAMPLES PARTIALLY EXHIBITED. *1 (5) Seest thou a man (5) diligent in his (6) business? (5) He shall stand before (4) kings, (3) he shall not stand before (5) mean men. 2. (3) O swear not by the (6) moon, the (5) inconstant (4) moon, (3) that monthly (5) changes in its circled (3) orb. 3. Said Mr. Pitt, to his aged accuser, in debate, (4) "But (6) youth, it seems, is not my (6) only (3) crime, (4) I have been accused of (5) acting (6) a (8) theatrical part." 4. (5) Standing on the ascent of the (6) past, we survey the (5) present, and (4) extend our views into (3) futurity. 5. (5) No one-will ever be the (4) happier, for (5) talents, or (4) riches, (3) unless he makes a right (3) use of them. 6. (5) Truths-have (4) life in them; and the (6) effect of that life is (3) unceasing expansion. 7. (6) He, who loves the (5) Lord, with all his (4) heart, and his neighbor as (4) himself, needs no (5) compass, or (4) helm to steer his (3) course; because (5) truth and (4) love are his (3) wind and (2) tide. N. B. The inflections, circumflexes, &c., commence with the accented vowel, which is supposed to be on the note indicated by the preceding figure.

381. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES WITHOUT NOTATION. The predominant characteristic of the female mind is affection: and that of the male mind is thought: thơ both have affection and thought; but disparity-does not imply inferiority. The sexes are intended for different spheres of life, and are created in conformity to their destination, by Him, who bids the oak-brave the fury of the tempest, and the Alpine flower-lean its

cheek on the bosom of eternal snow.

Abstract Question. Is not that propensity of the human mind, which seeks for a medium of communication, between two physical phenomena, to be traced to the fact, that every admitted truth, is derived from a medium of knowledge; and that there is a connection among all intellectual phenomena; so much so, that we cannot conceive a new idea, without a medium of communica Lion?

we shall be more useful, more benevolent, more respected, and ten times happier. 2. That student will live miserably, who lies down, like a camel, under his burden. 3. Remember, wlute you live, it is by looks-that men deceive. 4. A foolish friend may cause more woe, Than could indeed the wisest foe. 5. He, who confides in a

person of no honor, may consider himself very tion of mankind is such, that we must not believe

lucky, if he is not a sufferer by it. 6. The condi

every smooth speech-the cover of a kind intention. 7. Who is wise? He who learns from every one. 8. Who is rich? He, who is contented. 0. Nothing is so dumb--as deep emotion. 10. Where there is much mystery, there is generally much ignorance. 11. Catch not soon at offence. 12. Whoso loseth his spirits, loseth all.

Anecdote. Choice of a Husband. An Athenian, who was hesitating, whether to give his daughter in marriage to a man of worth with a small fortune, or to a rich man, who had no other recommendation, went to consult Themistocles on the subject. "I would bestow my daughter," said Themistocles, "upon a man without money, rather than upon money without a man.”

True Philosophy-consists in doing all the good that we can, in learning all the good we can, in teaching to others all the good we can, in bearing, to the best of our ability, the various ills of life, and in enjoying, with gratitude, every honest pleasurethat comes in our way.

Varieties. 1. Should not our intentions, as well as our actions-be good? 2. True love-is of slow growth, mutual and reciprocal, and founded on esteem. 3. Graces, and accomplishments are too often designed for beaux-caching, and coquetry. 4. There is time for all things. 5. An individual-inclined to magnify every good, and minify every evil-must be a pleasing companion, or partner-for life, whether male or female. 6. Knowledge-is not wisdom; it is only the raw material, from which the beautiful fabric of wisdom is produced; therefore, let us not spend our days in gathering materials, and live, and die, without a shelter. 7. Every evil-has its limit; which, when passed, plunges the wicked into misery. 8. One thief in the house, is more to be

dreaded than ten in the street. 9. The
more haste, generally the worst speed. 10.
The moral government, under which we live,
is a kingdom of uses; and whatever we pos
sess, is given us for use; and with it, the op
portunity and power of using it.

Thou art, O God, the life and light
Of all this wondrous world we see,
Its glow by day, its smile by night,
Are but reflections-caught from thee;
Where'er we turn, thy glories shine,
And all things fair and bright are thine.

not to remember them. 2. To read, and not under. stand, is to pursue, and not overtake. 3. Truth refines, but does not obscure. 4. He who teaches, often learns himself. 5. Worth-has been underrated, ever since wealth-has been overrated. 6 Antiquity-cannot sanction an error, nor novelty injure a truth. 7. A man in a passion, rides a horse that runs away with him. 8. A small bak will sink a great ship. 9. Never forget a good

382. INTONATIONS CONTINUED. Lister. Proverbs. 1. The remedy for injuriesattentively, to a person under the influence of nature, of his own feelings and thoughts: he relates stories, supports arguments, commands those under his authority, speaks to persons at a distance, utters exclamations of anger and rage, joy and rapture, pours forth lamentations of sorrow and grief, breathes affection, love, &c. in different pitch es, tones, qualities, emphasis, inflection, and circumflexes, elevations and depressions of voice. The only possibility of success, therefore, is to get perfect control of the vocal organs, by practicing these principles, and conforming the whole manner to the sense and objects of the composition.

883. INTONATION AND MELODY. These examples are given as general guides; the figures refer to the notes in the Diatonic Scale. 1. (4) But, (5) from the (4) tomb, (5) the (4) voice of (5) nature (6) cries, (6) And, (5) in our (4) ashes, (5) live (4) their won-(3) ted (2) fires. 2. But (5) yonder comes, (4) rejoicing in the (6) KAST, (5) The (4) powerful (3) king of (2) day. 3. (6) AWAKE! 'o) ARISE! (6) or (5) be (3) forever (2) futlen. 4. (3) He expired in a (5) victualing-house, (4) which I hope (5) 1 (3) shall (2) not. 7. (5) Fair (6) angel, thy (5) desare, which tends to (6) KNOW The works of (5) God, doth (4) merit (3) praise. 8(3) Such (4) honors Ilion to (6) HER lover paid, And (5) peaceful slept (4) the mighty (3) Hector's (2) shade. Note. Construct a scale on faint ruled paper, and place the words on it as indicated; the same as notes are on the musical stuff.

Miscellaneous. 1. Beauty-is the outward form of goodness: and this is the reason, we love it instinctively, without thinking why we love: but we cease to love, when we find it unaccompanied with truth and goodness. 2. Make not your opinions, the criterion of right and wrong: but make right and wrong-the criterion of your actions and principles.

Few-bring back at eve, Immaculate, the manners of the morn; Something we thought-is blotted, we resolved Is shaken, we renounced-returns again. There is no greater punishment of viceThan that it have its own will; Hence, guilty-infernal love becomes the Most deadly hate.

The intent, and not the deed,

Is in our power; and therefore, who DARES greatly, Does greatly.

6. Words are things; a small drop of ink, (falling like dew-) upon thought, produces that, which makes thousands, perhaps MILLIONS think. 7. Something is at all times--flowing into us.

Too much the beautiful-we prize,
The useful-often we dergise.

turn. 10. Lying-is the vice of a slave. 11. Selfconceit is the attendant of ignorance. 12. The love of society is natural.

Anecdote. The emperor of China-inquired of Sir George Staunton, Lout the manner in which physicians were paid in England. When he was me to understand what the practice was, he exclaimed,-"Can any man in England offord to be ill? Now, I have four physicians, and pay all of them a weekly salmy; but the moment I am sick, that salary is stopped, till I am well again; therefe, my indisposition is never of long drration."

Woman. The prevailing manners of an age depend, more than we are aware of, or are willing to allow, on the conduct of the women: this is one of the principal things on which the great machine of human society turns. Those, who allow the influence which female graces have in contributing to polish the manners of men, would do well to reflect, how great an influence female morals must also have on their conduct. How much, then, is it to be regretted, that women-should ever sit down, contented, to polish, when they are able to reform-to entertain, when they might instruct. Nothing delights men more than their strength of understanding, when true gentleness of manners is its associate; united, they become irresistible orators, bless'd with the power of persuasion, fraught with the sweetness of instruction, making woman the highest ornament of human nature.

Varieties. 1. Fear-is a bad preserver of anything intended to endure; but lovewill generally ensure fidelity, even to the end. 2. He, who knowingly defends the wrong side of a question, pays a very bad compli ment to his hearers: as much as to say; Fulsehood, supported by my talents, is stronger than truth, supported by yours. 3. Before man should be convicted of a libel, the jury must be satisfied, that it was his intention to libel; not to state facts, which he believed to be true, or, reasonings, which he thongal just. 4. The difference between me word of God, and the compositioms of man, is as great, as between real flame and painted flame. 5. Casimulation, even the most in nocen., is ever productive of embarrassments; whether the design is evil, or not, artifice is always dangerous, and almost inevitably dis graceful.

PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.

384. REVISIONs. Let all the preceding | Laconics. 1. The grea battle and contest principles be reviewed, with an illustration of among politicians is not how the governunent cach, and endeavor to fix them, permanently, shall be administered, but who shall administer it.

in the mind, by seeing their truth, and feeling
their power in practice; so that you can write
a work yourself on the philosophy of mind
and voice. Remember, that nothing is yours,
till you make it your own, by understanding
it scientifically, rationally and affectuously,
and then by applying it to its proper object:
do not forget effects, causes, ends, their suc-
cessive order, and simultaneous development.

EVE'S LAMENT ON LEAVING PARADISE.
(Plaintive, with quantity.)

0, unexpected stroke, worse than of Death!
Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave
Thee, native soil, these happy walks and shades,
Fit naunt of gods? where I had hoped to spend,
(Quiet, tho sad.) the respite of that day,

That must be mortal to us both;

O flowers, (that never will in other climate grow,)
My early visitation, and my last

At ev'n, which I bred up, with tender hand,
From the first opening bud, and gave ye names;
Who. now, shall rear you to the sun, and rank
Your tribes, and water from the ambrosial fount?
Thee. (lastly,) nuptial bower, by me adorned
With what to sight, or smell, was sweet, from THEE
How shall I part, and whither wander-down
Into a lower world, to this-obscure

And wild? How shall we breathe in other air,
Less pure, accustomed to immortal fruits!

385. How mean, how timid, how abject, must that spirit be, which can sit down, -contented with mediocrity. As for myself -all that is within me is on fire. I had rather be torn into a thousand pieces, than relax my resolution, of reaching the sublimest heights of virtue-and knowledge, of goodness-and truth, of LOVE-and WISDOM. Nothing is so arduous, nothing sO ADMIRABLE, in human affairs, but may be attained by the industry of man. We are descended from heaven; thither let us go, whence we derive our origin. Let nothing satisfy us, lower than the summit of all excellence.

Nominalists and Realists. The Nom-
inalists - were a sect, the followers of Ros-
celinus and Abelard: according to these
philosophers, there are no existences in na-
ture corresponding to general terms, and the
objects of our attention in all our general
speculations, are not ideas, but words. The
Realists were their opponents, and adhered
to the principles of Aristotle.

Oft-may the spirits of the dead-descend
To watch the silent slumbers of a friend;
To haver-round his evening walk-unseen,
And hold sweet converse-on the dusky green;
To hail the spot-where first their friendship grew,
And heaven-and nature-opened to their view.
Oft, when he trims his cheerful hearth, and sees
A smiling circle-emulous to please,
There-may these gentle guests-delight to dwell,
And bless the scene-they loved in life so well.
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2. They who go to church out of vanity, or curi-
osity, and not for worship and instruction, should
not value themselves on account of their religion;

for it is not worth a straw. 3. Allow time for

consideration; everything is badly executed, that
is done by force or violence. 4. Occasional mirth,
is not incompatible with wisdom; and the man of
reserved habits, may sometimes be gay. 5. Happy

are they, who draw lessons of prudence-from the
dangers, in which others are involved. 6. Elo-
quence-can pierce the reluctant wonder of the
world, and make even monarchs tremble on their
thrones.

Anecdote. Spinola. "Pray, of what did your brother die?" said the Marquis Spinola, one day to Sir Horace Vere. "He died, sir," replied he, "of having nothing to do." "Alas! sir," said Spinola, "that is enough to kill any general of us all." Mostesquieu says, "We, in general, place idleness among the beatitudes of heaven; it should rather, I think, be put amid the tortures of hell. Austin calls it -the burying a man alive.

Female Education. How greatly is it to be regretted, that for the benefit of both sexes, women are not generally so educated, that their conversations might be still much more useful to us, as well as beneficial to themselves! If, instead of filling their heads with trifles, or worse than trifles, they were early taught what might be really useful, they would not then be so continually in pursuit of silly, ridiculous, expensive, and many times criminal amusement; neither would their conversation be so insipid and impertinent, as it too often is. On the contrary, were their minds properly improved with knowledge, which it is certain they are exceedingly capable of, how much more agreeable would they be to themselves, and how much more improving and delightful to us? How truly charming does beauty appear, when adorned by good nature, good sense, and knowledge? And when beauty fades, as soon it must, there will then be those qualities and accomplishments remaining, which cannot fail to command great re gard, esteem, and affection.

VARIETIES.

But-shall we wear these glories for a day,
Or shall they last, and we rejoice in them?
While there is hope, do not distrust the gods,
But wait, at least, till Cesar's near approach,
Force us to yield. Twill never be too late-
To sue for chains, and own a conqueror,

In faith, and hope, the world will disagree,
But all mankind's concern-is charity.
"Tis education-forms the common mind,
Just as twig is bent, the tree's inclined.
The mind, that would be happy, must be great
Great in its wishes, great in its surveys;
Extended vinos, a narrow mind extend.

386. As so much depends upon the proper movement of the voice, through the different notes of the scale, and as our primary instruction in reading is often diametrically opposed to what is natural, it is deemed necessary to be more explicit in directions, as well as in examples. Imitate, with the voice, aсcompanied by corresponding motions of the hand, the gentle undulations of the waters, when the waves run moderately high; letting the movement of your voice resemble that of a small boat. Observe the various movements of different kinds of birds through the air, some bobbing up and down, others moving more gracefully; some flapping their wings, others sailing, soaring: but the movements of the voice are infinitely more various than all other external motions; for it contains them all.

THE EIGHT NOTES OF THE SCALE.

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Blessed-we sometimes are! and I am now
Happy in quiet feelings; for the tones-
Of a pleasant company of friends-
Were in my ear, just now, and gentler thoughts
From spirits, whose high character I know;
And I retain their influence, as the air-

Retains the softness of departed day.
There is a spell-in every flower,
A sweetness-in each spray,
And every simple bird-has power-
To please us-with its lay.

And there is music on the breeze,
That sports along the glade,
And crystal dew-drops on the trees,
The gems-by fancy made.
O. there is joy-and happiness,

In every thing I see,

Which bids my soul rise up-and bless

The God, that blesses me

Laconics. 1. The antidote, w the ban ful m fluence of flattery is, for every one to zamins himself, and truly estimate his own qualities, and character. 2. Let us make ourselves steadfast in what is certainly true, and we shall be able to answer objections, or reject them as unworthy of an answer. 3. Argument-cannot disprove fact; no two opposing facts can be produced; all objeetions to a fact must therefore be negative. 4. Education-includes all the influence, that serve to unfold the faculties, and determine the char acter; thus involving the mental, and physical. 5. To render good for evil, is God-like; to render good for good, is man-like; to render evit for evil, is beast-like; to render evil for good-is devil-like.

Varieties. Has a wise and good God-furnished us with desires, which have no correspondent objects, and raised expectations in our breasts, with no other view but to dis appoint them? Are we to be forever in search of happiness, without arriving at it, either in this world or in the next? Are we formed with a passionate longing for immortality, and yet destined to perish, after this short period of existence? Are we prompt

fires, ed to the noblest actions, and supported through life, under the severest hardships and most delicate temptations, by the hopes of a reward, which is visionary and chimerical,--by the expectation of praises, of which it is utterly impossible for us, ever to have the least knowledge or enjoyment?

Method. In speaking extempore, or in writing, METHOD, or the proper arrangement of the thoughts, is of the first importance; to attain which, you must fix, in your mind, the precise object you have in view, and never lose sight of it; then, determine the grand divisions; which should be natural, and distinct; not an unnecessary thought, or illustration - should be admitted: and even in the amplification of the subject, every part should have its proper place, and all -present a whole.

Anecdote. Mr. Summerfield. It is said, of the late Mr. Summerfield, that being asked by a bishop, where he was born, he replied, "I was born in England, and born again in Ireland." "What do you mean?" inquired the bishop. "Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things?" was the reply.

Effects of Knowledge. The more widely knowledge is spread, the more will they be prized, whose happy lot it is to ex tend its bounds, by discovering new truths, to multiply its uses-by inventing new modes of applying it in practice. Real knowledge -never prompted either turbulence, or un belief; but its progress is the forerunner of liberality and enlightened toleration. Whoso dreads these, let him tremble; for he may be well assured, that their day is at length come, and must put to sudden flight the evil spirits of tyranny and persecution, which haunted the long night, now gone down the sky.

VARIETIES.

Soft peace she brings wherever she arrives;
She builds our quiet, as she forms our lives;
Lays the rough path of peevish nature even,
And opens, in each breast, a little heaven
Man-is the rugged lofty pine,

That frowns o'er many a wave-beat shore:
Woman's the slender-graceful vine,
Whose curling tendrils-round it twine,

And deck its rough bark-sweetly o'er.
Teach me to soothe the helpless orphan's grief,
With lively aid-the widow's woes assuage
To mis'ry's moving cries-to yield relief,
And be the sure resource of drooping age.
Our doubts-are traitors.
And make us lose the good-we oft might 1018
By fearing to attempt.

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