332. EMPHASIS. On every page may be found nearly all the principles of elocution; and in aiming at a compliance with the rules given, great care must be taken to avoid a stiff, and formal mode of reading and speaking. We must never become enslaved to thought alone, which rules with a rod of iron: but yield to feeling, when it is to predominate: in a perfect blending of feeling, thought and action, there is all the freedom and gracefulness of nature; provided they are in harmony with nature. It is better to be natural, than mechanically correct. Every thought and feeling has its peculiar tone of voice, by which it is to be expressed, and which is exactly suited to the degree of internal feeling: in the proper use of these tones, most of the life, spirit, beauty, and effect of delivery consists. Hence, emphasis, or expressim, is almost infinite in variety; yet none should be discouraged; because we cannot do every thing, is no reason why we should not try to do something. Proverbs. 1. The foreknowledge of an approaching evi, is a benefit of no small magnitud 2. We may get a world of false love, for a little honesty. 3. The love of mankind-may be good while it lasts; but the love of God-is everlasting. 4. Too many condemn the just, and not a fews justify the wicked. 5. Some people's threats-are larger than their hearts. 6. Discreet stages-make short journeys. 7. Imitate the good, but avoid the evil. 8. Rather do good, without a pattern, than evil, by imitation. 9. Prize a good character above any other good. 10. Well qualified teachers-are benefactors of their race. 11. Plain dealing is a jewel. 12. Perfect love-casteth out fear. Science. Science, the partisan of no country, but the beneficent patroness of all, has liberally opened a temple, where all may meet. She never inquires about the country, or sect, of those who seek admission; she never allots a higher, or a lower place, from exaggerated national claims, or unfounded national antipathies. Her influence on the mind, like that of the sun on the chilled earth, has long been preparing it for higher cultivation and farther improvement. The philosopher of one country should not see an enemy in the philosopher of another; he should take his seat in the temple of science, and ask not who sits beside him. Varieties. 1. Is not the innocence of flowers enough to make wicked persons blush beautiful flowers in the other world, as there are in this? 3. Those are the best diversions, that relieve the mind, and exercise the body, with the least expense of time and money. 4. Give us knowledge of our own, and we will persevere. 5. Let us call tyrants-TYRANTS: and maintain, that FREEDOM Comes only, by the grace of God. 323. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. In your conversation, be cautious what you speak, to whom you speak, how you speak, when you speak; and what you speak, speak wisely, and truly. 2. A fool's heart-is in his tongue; but a wise man's tongue-is in his heart. 3. Few things-engage the attention-and affections of men-more than a handsome address, and a graceful conversation. 4. For to behold it? 2. Are there not as many one-great genius, who has written a little book, we have a thousand-little geniuses, who have written great books. 5. Words are but air; and both-are capable of much condensation. 6. Nature-seldom inspires a strong desire for any object, without furnishing the ability-to attain it. 7. All-is not gold-that glitters. 8. If I were an AMERICAN-as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop-was landed in my country, I never would lay down my arms; no,-(5) never! (4) never! (2) never! 9. The price of LIBERTY--is eternal vigilance. 10. The true disciples of Nature, are regardless who conducts them, provided she be the leader; for Nature, like truth--is immutable. There is a tide-in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood,-leads on to FORTUNE ; Omitted, all the voyage of their lifeIs bound in shallows-and in miseries: On such a full sea-are wE-now afloat, And we must take the current, when it serves, Or lose our ventures. Anecdote. One thing at a time. The famous pensioner of Holland, who was the greatest genius of his time, and a famous politician, on being asked, how he could transact such a variety of business, without confusion, replied, that he never did but one thing at a time. Face to face-the truth comes out. Truth-needs no champion; in the infinite deep Here, too, that eloquence was poured PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION. Proverbs. 1. A bitter jest-is-the poison of friendship. 2. Be ever vigilant, but never suspicious. 3. Cheerfulness-is perfectly consistent with true piety. 4. Demonstration-is the best mode of instruction. 5. Entertain not sin, lest you like its company. 6. Finesse-is unworthy of a liberal mind. 7. Good counsel-is above all price. 8. Hearts-may agree, tho' heads-differ. 9. Idio 324 SHOUTING, or High and Loud-implying force of utterance. The last words of Marmion afford excellent means, when memorized, for the student to try the compass of his voice upwards, as well as its power on high pitches. It is not often that these high and almost screaming notes are required in public speaking: yet, there are times, especially in the open air, when they may be in-ness-is the parent of want, shame, and misery. troduced with great effect. And it is always 10. Learn to live, as you would wish to die. 11. well to have an inexhaustible capital of voice, Content-is the highest bliss. 12. Vex not yourself, as of money; indeed, there is no danger of when ill spoken of. having too much of either, provided we make a proper use of them. In giving the word of command, on occasions of fire, erecting build ings, on the field of battle, martial exercise, &c., power and compass of voice are very desirable. 325. 1. "The war, that for a space did fail, Now, trebly thundering, swell'd the gale, And (10) Stanley !" (6) was the cry: A light on Marmion's visage spread, and With dying hand, fired his glazing eye: above his head, he shook the fragment of his blade, and shouted (8) " VICTORY!" (9) CHARGE! CHESTER, (10) CHARGE! ON, (11) STANLEY-(12) ON!" (3) Were the last words of Marmion. 2. (6) LIBERTY! (8) FREEDOM! (5) TYRANNY is DEAD! (6) Run (7) HENCE! PROCLAIM it about the STREETS! 3. The combat deepens: (4) "ON! ye BRAVE! Who rush-to (6) GLORY.-or the (3) grave; (9) WAVE-MUNICH! all thy (10) BANNERS wave! (8) And charge with all thy (3) CHIVALRY." Force of Habit. Habit-hath so vast prevalence over the human mind, that there is scarcely any thing too strange, or too strong, to be asserted of it. The story of the miser, who, from long accustoming to cheat others, came at last to cheat himself, and with great delight and triumph picked his own pocket of a guinea, to convey to his hoard, is not impossible or improbable. In like manner it fares with the practisers of deceit, who, from having long deceived their acquaintance, gain at last a power of deceiving themselves, and acquire that very opinion, however folse, of their own abili ties, excellences, and virtues, into which they have for years, perhaps, endeavored to betray their neighbors. Varieties. I. Eternity, (wrote a deaf and dumb boy,) is the lifetime of the Deity. 2. No evil can be successfully combatted, or removed, but from the opposite good, from a desire for it, and an attachment to it; i. e. till the mind is perfectly willing to relinquish 926. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, in its ex- the evil. 3. A man's ruling love-governs tended sense, includes the study of the con- him; because, what he loves, he continues stitutions, or fundamental laws of the vari-to will. 4. Sweet harmonist, and beautiful ous Nations: i. e. the structure, and mechan- as sweet, and young as beautiful, and soft as ism of their government, and the appoint-young, and gay as soft, and innocent as gay. ments, powers, and duties of their officers. 5. Had Cæsar genius? he was an orator! The United States Constitutional Law, may Had Cæsar judgment? he was a politician! be considered under five different heads; Had Cæsar valor? he was a conqueror! viz: Legislative Power, Executive Power, Had Cæsar feeling? he was a friend! 6. Judicial Power, State Rights Restrictions, Music-is one of the sweetest flowers of the and United States Statutes and Treaties. intellectual garden; and, in relation to its The Legislative power is vested in a Con-power-to exhibit the passions, it may be gress, consisting of a Senate and House of called-the universal language of nature. Representatives, elected by the people, or 7. Whatever the immediate cause may be, their State Legislatures; the Executive pow- the effect is so far good, as men cease to do er, in a President, who holds his office four evil, they learn to do well. years; the Judicial power, in a Supreme Court, which consists of one Chief Justice, and eight Associate Justices, and in such inferior courts, as Congress may ordain, or establish. State rights and restrictions-are powers not delegated by the Constitution to the United States, nor prohibited by it to the States, but reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people. THE FISHERMAN. A perilous life, and sad-as life may be, Anecdote. Patience. A youth, who was a pupil of Zeno, on his return home, was ask-Without the comfort, hope-with scarce a friend ed by his father, "what he had learned ?" He looks through life, and only sees-its end! "Thou art, O God! the life and light The lad replied, "that will appear hereaf ter." On this, the father, being enraged, beat his son; who, bearing it patiently, and without complaining, said, "This have I learnad, to endure a parent's anger." Rather suffer wrong than do wrong. Of all this wondrous world we see; Are but reflections-caught from thes! 327. SPEAKING THE GAUNTLET. We Proverbs. 1. Soft hands, and soft brainshave all heard of the practice, that prevails generally go together. 2. Let time be the judge, among some tribes of Indians, called "run- and common sense the jury. 3. Cherish an arning the gauntlet;" when a company ardent love of nature and of art. 4. The region range themselves in two rows, a few yards beyond the grace, is not a solitary one. 5. Each apart, and their prisoner is obliged to run night-is the past day's funeral: and each morn— between them; when each throws his hatchet its resurrection. 6. Better be exalted by humility, at him; and if he passes through without than brought low by exaltation. 7. Tight-lacingbeing killed, he is permitted to live. In the is a gradual suicide, and tends to enkindle imimportant exercise, here recommended, each pure desires. 8. Good manners-are always bemember of the class, after making some coming. 9. The candid man has nothing to conproficiency, memorizes and recites, a strong ceal; he speaks nothing but truth. 10. Plat and powerful sentence, and the others try to said-read much; but read not many books. 11. put out, or break down, the one that is Marry in haste; repent at leisure. 12. If you will speaking, by all sorts of remarks, sounds, not keep, you cannot have. 13. Prune off useless looks, and actions; tho' without touching him: and the gauntlet speaker, girds up the loins of his mind, and endeavors to keep the fountain of feeling higher than the streams: and so long, he is safe; but alas for him, that shrinks into himself, and yields to his opponents. But this,-and ills severer-he sustains; It wakes—to NOBLER deeds—the wounded heart. Like the firm rock-that in mid-ocean-braves The war of whirlwinds, and the dash of waves: Or, like a tower-he lifts his head on highAnd fortune's arrows-far below him fly. 328. MOUTHING. Some-think that words are rendered more distinct, to large assemblies, by dwelling longer on the syllables; others, that it adds to the pomp and solemnity of public declamation, in which they think every thing must be different from private discourse. This is one of the vices of the stage, and is called theatrical, in opposition to what is natural. By "trippingly on the tongue," Shakspeare probably means the bounding of the voice from accent to accent; trippingly along from word to word, without resting on syllables by the way. And, by "mouthing," dwelling on syllables, that have no accent, and ought therefore to be pronounced as quickly as is consistent with a proper enunciation. Avoid an artificial air, and hold, as it were, the mirror up to nature. See the difference in the following, by pronouncing them with the accent, extending thro' the whole word, in a drawling tone, and then. giving them properly: con-jec-ture, en-croach-ment. happi-ness, grat-i-tude, for-tu-nate-ly; which is very far from true solemnity, which is in the spirit; not alone in the manner. Anecdote. A student in college corried a manuscript poem, of his own composition, to his tutor, for his inspection. The tutor, after looking it over, inquired the author's reason, for beginning every line with a capital letter, "Because it is poetry," said the student."It is!" said the teacher, "I declare, I should not have thought it." By frequent use-EXPERIENCE-gains its growth, branches. learn to tolerate nothing ancient, that reason Varieties. 1. Did not Mr. Pitt, by the But little for their scoffings: I may sink At what high mounted wealth, or power desires; 6. Where there is emulation-there will be same. I wander-by the mountain's side. In silvery ripples-on its way. The sombre trees-in silence rest, 329. REVISION. Before entering on a con- Proverbs. 1. Pride-is the greatest eneiny sideration of the Inflections, and other higher to reason; and discretion-the great opposite of modifications of voice, the pupil is again ear-pride. 2. The wise-shape their apparel to the nestly solicited—to review all the principles, body; the proud-shape their body to their appathat have been brought forward; especially rel. 3. A sound and vigorous mind, in a healthy all that relates to Accent, Pauses, Emphasis, and the alphabet of music, or the eight notes; and, in this revision, be careful not to confound one principle with another; as stress with quantity, high sounds with loud ones, and low ones with feeble. Remember, that stress is a quick blow, or ick-tus of the voice; quantity-length of sound; high sounds-on, or above the sixth note; loud ones-halloo ing; low sounds-on, or below the third note; feeble ones, softly, as from weakness. Practice the examples, till you make them fit you, and produce on yourselves and others, the desired effects. 330. I came to the place of my birth, and The truly lovely- Notes. 1. Such is the careless and ignorant manner in which many have been permitted to come up, instead of being brought up, that it will often be found necessary to use a variety of means to become divested of bad habits and their consequences. Probably the lungs suffer more than any other part of the body, by being cooped up in a small cavity. To enlarge the chest, side-wise, practice the elevation of the elbows to a horizontal plane nearly level with the shoulders, and commence gently tapping the breast between the shoulders, the ends of the fingers of both hands being nearly together; and then, during the exercise, strike back from the sternum toward each shoulder, drawing the hands far. ther and farther apart, till the ends of the fingers reach the arm pits, and even out on the arm, without depressing the elbows: try it, and you will see and know. Anecdote. Flying To; not From. Some years ago, a person requested permission of the Bishop of Salisbury, in England, to fly from the spire of his church. The good bishop, with an anxious concern for the man's spiritual, as well as temporal safety, told him, he was very welcome to fly to the church; but he would encourage no one to fly from it. THE BUTTERFLY. Child of the sun! pursue thy rapturous flight, Yet, wert thou once a worm, a thing, that erept body, is an invaluable possession. 4. Experienceis the mother of the arts. 5. He, is never tired of listening, who wishes to gain knowledge. 6. BetEconomy-is the foundation of liberality, and the ter consider for a day, than repent for a year. 7. would be decent, clean, and healthy. 9. The path parent of independence. 8. Use no tobacco, if you of literature is more difficult, than that which leads to fortune. 10. That which is well done, is twice done. 11. Of a little--take a little. 12. A hasty man-never wants woe. Providence. If a man lets his hand lie in the ice, it is highly probable Providence will ordain it to be frozen; or if he holds it in the fire, to be burnt. Those who go to sea, Providence will sometimes permit to be drowned; those, on the other hand, who never quit dry ground, Providence will hardly suffer to perish in the sea. It is therefore justly said, "Help yourself, and Heaven will help you." The truth is, that God has helped us from the beginning; the work of the master is completed; and, so far as it was intended to be so, perfect; it requires, therefore, no further extraordinary aids and corrections from above; its further development and improvement in this world is placed in our own hands. We may be good or bad, wise or foolish, not always perhaps in the degree which we, as individuals, might choose, were our wills perfectly free, but so far as the state of the human race, immediately preceding us, has formed us to decide. Varieties. 1. Is animal, or human magnetism, true? 2. When the spirit is determined, it can do almost anything; therefore, never yield to discouragement in doing, or getting, what is good and true. 3. What temptation is greater, than permitting young persons, and especially young men, in this degenerate world, to handle much money, 4. Exhibit such an that is not their own. example in your dress, conversation, and temper, as will be worthy of imitation. 5. We often hear it said, "that people, and things, are changed." Is it not ourselves that have changed? The heart-makes all around, a mirror of itself. REAL glory Springs from the silent conquest of ourselves. 7. Every word, spoken from affection, leaves When the stem dies, the leaf, that grew 331. EVERY emotion of the mind has its own external manifestation; so that no one emotion can be accommodated to another. Observe the native eloquence of a hungry child, when asking for a piece of bread and butter; especially, the third or fourth time; and mark its emphasis, and tones: also the qualities of voice, with which it expresses its grief, anger, joy, &c. The manner of each passion is entirely different; nor does it ever apply one for another; indeed, children in their own efforts, always make the proper emphasis, inflections, and gestures; and they are graceful in all, when under the sole influence of nature. Thus, from nature, unsophistocated, may be derived the whole art of speaking. The author is free to acknowledge, that he has learned more about true eloquence, from children, and the Indians, and his consequent practice, than from all other sources. 332. CICERO-copied, and imitated, every body; he was the very mocking-bird of eloquence, which is his greatest distinction, and glory: for who so various as he; who so sweet, so powerful, so simply eloquent, or so magnificently flowing, and each, and all, by turns! His mind was a perfect pan-hurmonicon. Your original writer,-your original character, has no sympathies; he is heartBound, brain-bound and lip-bound; he is truly an oddity; he is like no-body, and no-body is like him; he feeds on self-adoration, or the adulation of fools; who mistake the oracles of pride and vanity, for the inspirations of genius. Proverbs. 1 use governor, would rather preserve peace, th n gain a victory. 2. It is sometimes a benefi. to grant favors, and at other 3. An angry person is antimes, to deny then. gry with himself, w; en he returns to reason. 4. Wherever you are, conform to the usual customs and manners of i) e country. 5. To encourage the unworthy, is to Axmote vice. 6. Ingratitu to the benevolent-generally ends in disgrace. 7 Esteem virtue, tho' in a foe: abhor vice, tho' in a friend. 8. The more one speaks of himself, the less willing is he, to hear an her talked abort 9. Nature-is always content with herself. 19 Form your opinions of a person, by his questions, rather than by his answers. 11. Say-can wisdom-e'er reside, with passic, enry, hate, or pride? 12. In a calm sea, every n an is pilot. 13. A good life-keeps off wrinkles. Debt. There is nothing-more to be dreaded, than debt: when a person, whose principles are good, unhappily falls into this situation, adieu to all peace and comfort The reflection imbitters every meal, and drives from the eyelids refreshing sleep. It corrodes and cankers every cheerful idea and, like a stern Cerberus, guards each avenue to the heart, so that pleasure does not approach. Happy! thrice happy! are those, who are blessed with an independent compe tence, and can confine their wants within the bounds of that competenc, be it what it may To such alone, the bread et life is palatable and nourishing. Sweet is morsel, that is acquired by an honest industry, the produce of which is permanent, or that flows from a source which will not fail. A subsistence, that is precarious, or procured by an uncer 333. There are some, even in this enlight-tain prospect of payment, carries neither ened age, who affect to despise the acquisition of elocution, and other important and useful accomplishments; but such persons are generally very awkward themselves, and dislike the application and practice, that are necessary to render them agreeable and impressive speakers. It is an old adage-that many--despise that, which they do not possess, and which they are too indolent to attain. Remember the fox and the grapes. Anecdote. A colonel was once complaining, that from the ignorance, and inattention of the officers, he was obliged to do the whole duty of the regiment. Said he, "I am my own captain, my own lieutenant, my own cornet, and'- "Your own trumpeter," said a lady present. NOW came still evening on, and twilight gray The starry host, rode brightest; till the moon, Apparent queen, unvail'd her peerless light, And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw. wine nor oil with it. Let me, therefore, again repeat, that the person, who is deeply involv ed in debt, experiences, on earth, all the for tures, the poets describe to be the lot of the wretched inhabitants of Tatarus. Varieties. 1. Is not a want of purity, the cause of the fickleness of mankind! 2. A man's character is like his shadow; which sometimes follows, and at others, pre cedes him; and which is occasionally longer, or shorter, than he is. 3. Admiration-signifies the reception and acknowledgment of a thing, in thought, and affection. 4. W. should have good roads, if all the sinners were set to mend them. 5. The world is a Self, alone, in nature-rooted fast, |