294. EMPHASIS-is sometimes exhibited by changing the seat of accent. 1. What is done, cannot be undone. 2. If he did not do it directly, he did it indirectly. 3. There are probably as many invisible as visible things. 4. Did he act honestly, or dishonestly? 5. There is a difference between giving, and forgiving. 6. Does he speak distinctly, or indistinctly? 7. Better be untaught than illtaught; and better be alone, than in bad company. 8. He that ascended, is the same as he that descended. 9. Pure religion raises men above themselves; irreligion-sinks them to the brute. 10. Similitude joins; dissimilitude-separates. 295. EMPHASIS-by changing the seat of accent, in words of the same structure, and of different structure, to convey the full meaning. 1. To do, and to un-do-is the common business of the world. 2. Reason, truth, and virtue-are the proper measures of praise, and dis-praise. 3. Mind, and voice -act, and re-act upon one another. 4. We may have sen-sibility without manifesting irritability. 5. Some things are con-venient; while others are in-convenient. 6. It is necessary to observe the division, and the subdivision. 7. In the suitableness or un-suitableness, in the proportion or dis-proportion, which the desire bears to the cause, and the object, consists the propriety, or im-propriety, the de-cency, or in-decency-of the consequent action. 296. DYSPEPSIA. Many persons of the present day do not chew their food like a man, but bolt it whole, like a boa-constrictor: they neither take the trouble to dissect, nor the time to masticate it. It is no wonder they lose their teeth, for they rarely use them; and their power of digestion, for they exhaust it by overeating. They load their stomachs, as a drayman does his cart, as full as it will rold, and as fast as they can pitch it in; and then complain that their load is too heavy. 267. ZO-OL-O-Gr. Almost every child-is a naturalist: hence, among the earliest plays of childhood, the observation of the habits of different animals, holds a prominent place. How delighted are they with dogs, cats, calves, lambs, sheep, oxen, and horses! What a pity, that so much pains should be taken in an imperfect education, to sever their young minds from these interesting objects; so well calculated to induce close observation, and open new fountains in the youthful mind! But how greatly are these studies increased in valur, by adding the treasures of Botany, and Mineralogy, beautiful flowers, and precious stones! What a glorious world, and how admirably designed to aid in the development of body and mind. Eye nature's walks, shoot folley, as it flies, Proverbs. 1. Many, who possess much, enjoy but little. 2. Never sound the trumpet of your own fame. 3. Faction is the bane of society. 4. Religious contention-is Satan's harvest. 5. Sell not virtue to purchase wealth. 6. The discourse of flatterers, is like a rope of honey. 7. Truth may languish, but it never dies. 8. Under take-no more than you can perform. 3. Value a good conscience more than praise. 16. We are bound to be honest, but not to be rich. 11. He is idle, that might be better employed. 12. The more laws-the more offenders. Anecdote. Sailor and Highwayman. A stage was once stopped by a highwayman, who, being informed by the driver, that there were no inside passengers, and only one on the outside, and he a sailor,-the robber proceeded to exercise his functions upon the bold and honest tar; when, waking him up, Jack demanded to know what he wanted: to which the son of plunder replied,-" Your money;" "You shan't have it," says Jack. "No?" rejoined the robber, "then I'll blow your brains out." "Blow away, then; I may as well be without brains, as without money Drive on, coachee !" Independence. Always form your own opinion of a person, and never allow another, even your most intimate friend, to judge for you; as he may not have half the power of discriminating character, that you yourself possess. Never allow yourself to be talked out of any thing-against your better judgment; nor talked into any thing; unless you see clearly, that the reasons advanced-are more powerful than your own. Varieties. 1. If your principles are false, no apology can make them right; if founded in truth, no censure can make them wrong. 2. Do your best to do your best, and what you lack in power, supply with will. 3. Every plant that is produced, every child that is born, is a new idea; a fresh expression of the wisdom and goodness of our Creator. 4. When I see a tight laced girl, or woman, I think,--well, there goes another fool. 5. Can one passion, though it predominate, act without assistance of the other passions? 6. The state of the three kingdoms in nature, speak the same at all times; as also the state of ev ery nation, and what is passing in it; all these things are a language, as are also many smaller particulars, tho' attended by none. There will come, Alike, the day of trial-unto all, 298. EMPHASIS, by changing the seat of Proverbs. 1. One may have a thousand ac quaintances, and not one real friend among them all. 2. The richer a country is in talent, and good sense, the happier will it be. 3. Always to speak -what we think, is a sure way to acquire the habit of thinking and acting with propriety. 4. All finery-is a sign of littleness. 5. In proportion as we know ourselves, we are enabled to know others. 6. The government and people- should never regard each other, as opposite parties. 7 Time and labor-change a mulberry-leaf into satin. Accent, and, of course, the Emphasis too. 299. It is surprising, how few, even of our better readers, emphasize the right words, in a proper manner; this is more especially the case in reading, than in speaking; and yet children emphasize, correctly, everything that is the result of their own feelings and thoughts. Incorrect emphasis, always perverts the sense; and, to the hearer, it is like directing a traveler in the wrong road. Ex. 1. "Dr. Syntax told Jack, to saddle his horse; and Jack saddled him." Thus emphasized, there is no possibility of doubt, but that Jack -put the saddle on the Doctor. Place the emphasis on saddled, and you will get the true meaning. 2. Now, therefore, the said John, (says the said Thomas,) is a thief. 3. Now, therefore, the said John, says the said Thomas is a thief. Apply emphasis in a variety of ways, to other examples. 300. CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES. HOW little attention is paid to the construction of our dwellings! They seem to be built, principally, for their looks; and without regard to health, and comfort. Our sleeping apartments - appear to be of secondary consideration: they are generally made small; are poorly ventilated, with low ceilings, while all ingress and egress of air is carefully prevented. It would be much better to reverse this arrangement, and have our dwelling apartments constructed like our sleeping apartments; for the former are often ventilated through the day. Beware of low stories, or low ceilings: houses with attic stories, or half stories, or garrets, used for sleeping or study rooms, are hot-beds of disease and death; excellent places, with the addition of highly seasoned food, and a plenty of coffee, to generate bilious and other fevers. Fine economy this! and then pay the physician a few hundred dollars a year, to cure, or kill you! The best-sometimes, from virtue's path recede; 8. As virtue- is its own reward; so vice - is its own punishment. 9. It is torture, to enemies, to return their injuries with kindness. 10. Cast thy bread upon the waters; for thou shalt find it, after many days. 11. He, may find fault, who cannot mend. 12. A bird is known by its note, and a man Anecdote. No rank in life-precludes the efficacy of a well-timed compliment. When Queen Elizabeth, who was highly accomplished, both in mind and person, asked an embassador, how he liked her ladies, who attended on her; he replied, "It is hard to judge of stars in presence of the sun." An Honest Means of getting a Living. There seems to be but three ways for a nation to acquire wealth; the first is by war, as the Romans did, in plundering their conquered neighbors, this is robbery; the second, by commerce, which is generally cheating; the third, by agriculture, the only honest way, wherein a man receives a real increase of the seed thrown into the ground, in a kind of continual miracle, wrought by the hand of God in his favor, as a reward for his innocent life and his virtuous industry. Varieties. 1. Should not every one beware of the evils, attendant on his own con dition? 2. Children, as well as adults, are benefitted by their own conjectures and reasonings; even about things and principles, that they cannot as yet comprehend. 3. What does education mean, but the regeneration of the mind? 4. The present families of mankind-seem but the wrecks and ruins of men; like the continents, that compose the earth. 5. How apt we are - to make ourselves-the measure of the universe; and with the span of one life, or the world's history, to crowd the magnitude, and extent of the works of God; these are but parts of one stupendous whole. 6. Our bodies are new-formed every seven years. 7. Only, that external worship is profitable, in which an internal feeling, and a sense of what is said and done, exists; for without such sense, it must needs be merely external. Lo! like a glorious pile of diamonds bright Proverbs. 1. He, who goes no further taas bare justice, stops at the beginning of virtue. 2. The blameless-should not bear the effects of vice 3. The faults, and misfortunes of others, should serve as beacons, to warn us against the causes, by which they have been overwhelmed. 4. Soms -have such a love for contention, that they will quarrel, even with a friend, for a matter devoid of all importance. 5. The human mind-can ac complish almost any thing that it determines to effect; for patience, and perseverance, surmount every surmountable difficulty. 6. Keep your appetiteunder the control of reason. 7. The indulgence of a satirical disposition-is always dangerous: 301. EMPHASIS-may be exhibited by stress, and higher pitch: that is, force and loudness of voice, and elevation to the upper notes of the scale. 1. Little minds are tamed-and subdued by misfortunes; but treat ones-rise ABOVE them. 2. VIRTUE --leads to happiness; vice-to misery. 3. TRUE liberty-can exist-only where JuSTICE-is impartially administered. 4. TrnANNY-is detestable in every shape; but in none so formidable, as when assumed and exercised, by a NUMBER of tyrants. 5. Frown INDIGNANTLY, upon the first DAWNING-Of an attempt, to alienate any portion of this it betrays a malicious spirit, a bad heart, and ofUnion from the rest: the UNION-it must ten creates enmities, and dislikes, that no lapse of be preserved. 6. DRUNKENNESS-destroys more of the human race, and alienates more property, than all the other crimes on earth. 7. A day, an HOUR of virtuous liberty, is worth a whole eternity in bondage. 8. I tell you, tho' (5) you; thơ' all the (6) world; tho' an angel from (8) HEAVEN-declare the truth of it, I could not believe it. N. B. The words in small capitals have both stress and elevation. 302. STRONG POINTS. There are, in all kinds of sentences, paragraphs, speeches, &c., what may be called strong points, which are to be shown, principally, by the voice: hence, the importance of throwing all weak parts into the back-ground, and bringing out the strong ones into the fore-ground. Now if the little words, that are insignificant, are, in their pronunciation and delivery, made significant, the proper effect will be destroyed. Therefore, we should never make prominent such words as are not emphatic; and especially, such words as at, by, of, for, from, in, on, up, with, &c., unless they are contrasted with their opposites: as of, or for; by, or through; from or to; in or out; on, or under; up, or down, &c. 303. RECITATIONS. Frequent recitations, from memory, are very useful, as they oblige Le speaker to dwell on the ideas, which he wishes to express, discern their particular meanings, and force, and give him a knowledge of emphasis, tones, &c., which the pieces require: and they will especially relieve him from the influence of school-boy habits-of reading differently from conversation, on similar, subjects, and afford far greater scope for expression and gestures. 304. ETHICS. Moral Philosophy, -treats of our duties to our Maker, to our fellowinen, and to ourselves; and the reasons by which those duties are enforced. Its great ject seems to be-to promote the cause of owtue, by showing its reasonableness, excelence and beauty, and the melancholy effects neglecting or forsaking it. Honor-is an isle,-whose rocky coast years can soften, and death-can hardly extinguish. 8. While the tongue and expression of someseem to be honied, their heart-abounds with vino gar. 9. Superfluity-often leads to profusion. 10. Characters in every other respect virtuous and amiable, if tinged with haughtiness and reserve, become odious. 11. Solitude-dulls thought; too much society-dissipates it. 12. The longest lifeis but a parcel of moments. 13. Without prudence, fortitude is mad. Anecdote. A paver, who had often dunned a Doctor, was one day answered by him, -"Do you pretend to be paid for such work? You have spoiled my pavement, and covered it with earth-to hide its defects." "Mine is not the only bad work, that the earth hides as your practice abundantly proves,"-rejoined the man. Legendary Tales. In countries, where education and learning abound, legendary and miraculous tales lose ground; exciting but little interest, and less belief, and at last almost becoming a dead letter. Mankind, in a state of ignorance, with little education, are credulous, and fond of the marvellous, and there have not been wanting, in all ages, men of craft and invention, to gratify that passion in others, and turn it to their own advantage. Varieties. 1. The Bible-has truth t. its subject, the mind for its object, and the Father of mind for its Author. 2. Such is the arrangement of Divine Order, in the govern ment of the universe, that no evil can be prac ticed, or intended, without eventually falling on the contriver. 3. A knowledge of man's physical organization, as well as mental, is essentially requisite for all, who would successfully cultivate the field of education. 4. Experience is the knowledge of every thing in the natural world, that is capable of being received through the medium of the senses. 5. Where liberty dwells, there is my country. 6. Intemperance-drives wit out of the head, money out of the pocket, elbows out of the coat, and health out of the body. 7. In the choice of a wife, take the obedient daugh ter of a good mother. Proverbs. 1. A desire to resist oppressionis implanted in the nature of man. 2. The faults and errors of others, are lessons of caution to ourselves. 3, No shield is so impenetrable, no security so effectual, as a mind-conscious of its innocence. 4. Our most delightful enjoyments-are always liable to interruption. 5. If our passions are not 305. EMPHASIS - is made, secondly, by quantity and force; i. e. prolongation of sound, and stress of voice, on either high, low, or medium pitches. 1. Roll on, thou dark -and deep blue ocean-ROLL; Ten THOUSAND fleets SWEEP-over thee in vain. 2. Let our object be-our country; our WHOLE country; and nothing BUT-our country. 3. I warn you do not DARE-to lay your hand on the constitution. 4. Hail! Universal LORD! Be bounteous still-to give us ONLY GOOD; and if the night-have gathered -aught of evil--or concealed disperse it now, as light-dispels the dark. 5. A Deity -believed is joy begun; a Deity-adored -is joy ADVANCED, -a Deity--BELOVEDis joy matured. 6. Prayer-ardent-opens Anecdote. Law Practice. A lawyer told heaven; lets down a stream of glory-on the consecrated hours of MAN,-in audience -with the DEITY. N. B. The first Ex. is an instance of the lowest division of subjects -the Natural; the second and third, of the middle division-the Human; and the fourth and fifth, of the upper-the Divine: see previous article on this subject. 306. SHERIDAN, of whose oratorical powers, every elocutionist has heard, after having excited a great interest among his friends, who were filled with hope at his prospects, made a signal failure, on his first appearance in Parliament; insomuch, that he was entreated never to make another attempt. He nobly replied " I will; for by Heaven, it is in me, and it shall come out." He did try, and his efforts were crowned with success. In like manner, almost every orator failed at first; but perseverance made them more than conquerors. It is not unfrequent that the most abashed, and ill-omened, succeed the best. Take courage; let your motto be "onward and UPWARD, and true to the line." My crown is in my heart,-not on my head; Nor decked with diamonds, and Indian stones: Nor to be SEEN; my crown-is called-CONTENT; A crown it is that seldom KINGS enjoy. If there is a Power above us, (And that there is-all Nature-cries aloud, For what his heart-THINKS, his tongue-SPEAKS. 5. American Literature-will find, that the intellectual spirit-is her TREE of LIFE; and the union of the STATES, -her garden of Paradise. 6. God is our FATHER; and although we, as children, may be EVER SO guilty, his compassion towards us fails not; and he will pity, forgive, and counsel, advise, teach, and lead us ont of evil, whenever we sincerely wish it. kept under control, they will soon master us. 6. Those things that are unbecoming, are unsafe. 7. Ardent spirits-have drowned more people, than all the waters in the world. 8. He, is never tired of listening, who wishes to gain wisdom 9. All true religion relates to life; and the life of that religion is to do good from a love of it. iv. A wise man is a great wonder. 11. Be courteous to all, and intimate with few. 12. Defile not your mouth with swearing. his client, that his opponent - had removed his suit to a higher court: "Let him remove it where he pleases, (quoth the client;) my attorney will follow it for money." Common Sense. It is in the portico of the Greek sage, that that phrase has received its legitimate explanation; it is there we are taught, that "common sense" signifies "the sense of the common interest." Yes! it is the most beautiful truth in morals, that we have no such thing as a distinct or divided interest from our race. In their welfare is ours, and by choosing the broadest paths to effect their happinesss, we choose the surest and the shortest to our own. Varieties. 1. The universe-is an em pire; and God its sovereign. 2. The smoothness of flattery-cannot now avail, cannot save us, in this rugged and awful crisis. 3. I had much rather see all-industrious and enlightened, than to see one half of mankind-slaves to the other, and these-slaves to their passions. 4. The condition of scoffers, is of all the most dangerous; as well from the particular state of mind, that constitutes their character, as because they are incapable of conviction-by argument; whoever knew such a one converted to the truth? 5. Watch against, and suppress the first motions of spiritual pride; such as proneness to think too highly of yourselves, or a desire to have others think highly of you, on account of your spiritual attainments. 6. How many villains-walk the earth with credit, from the mere fulfilment of negative decencies. 7. Study history, not so much for its political events, as for a knowledge of hu man nature. Away! away to the mountain's brow, Away! away to the rocky glen, Where the deer are wildly bounding; 397.QUANTITY AND RHETORICAL PAUSE. 1. Dwell on such words as are expressive of the kindlier affections, with a slow and adhesive movement of voice, as if you parted with the ideas reluctantly. 2. Very deliberate subjects require more or less of quantity in their emphasis: so also do the sublime, the grand, and the solemn; particularly, the reverential, the grave; so also do earnest entreaty, prayer, deep pathos, &c. Ex. "Join-all ye creatures to extol-Him -FIRST; Him--last; Him-midst, and without end." "O Mary! dear--departed shade, Where is thy place of blissful rest? Seest thou thy lover--lowly laid? Hear'st thou the groans, that rend his breast?" 308. Read, or rather speak from memory, these lines with quantity, and on the lower pitches of voice. Night, (sable goddess) from her ebon throne, 309. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS. If the evils of tight lacing, and tight dressing could only stop with the guilty, one consolation would still be left us; but even this is denied us: no! there is not even one drop of joy to be cast into our cup of bitterness the draught is one of unmingled gall: the human form divine is sadly deformed; the fountain of innumerable evils and diseases is opened by this suicidal practice; and thousands of human beings are yearly coming into life, cursed from head to foot, from mind to body, with the awful effects of this infernal fashion, which originated in the basest passions of the human heart. Oh, who can measure the accumulating woe, which this accursed custom has entailed, and is yet entailing on the human race! Anecdote. To prevent Suicide. A Hibernian Senator, speaking on the subject of preventing suicide, said, "The only way I can conceive, of stopping the business, is, to make it a capital offence, punishable with death." O how weak Is mortal man! How trifling-how confin'd As of the train of ages, when, alas! Unlearn the evils you have learned Proverbs. 1. You cannot appease envy, even by sacrificing virtue. 2. The envious man grows base, by contemplating the success of another. 3. A government, that undervalues the affections of the people, and expects to find a firm basis in terrors, will be mistaken, and short-lived 4. He, who passes over a crime, unreproved, or unpunished, encourages its repetition. 5. He, who controls his passions, subdues his greatest enemy. 6. He, alone is wise, that can adapt himself to all the contingencies of life; but the foolvainly contends, and struggles against the stream. 7. The ways of the lazy-are as a hedge of thorns. 8. To a lazy man-every exertion is painful, and every movement a labor. 9. Innocenceand mysteriousness-seldom dwell together. 10. It is folly-to expect justice-at the hands of the unjust. 11. Great are the charms of novelty. 12. Custom is no small matter. 13. Consider thy ways, and be wise. Humbugs. All new developments of truth--are called, by many, who do not ap preciate them, or dare to think and act for themselves--"HUMBUGS:" and this dreadful name--has no doubt had the effect--to lead some--to condemn them, without further in quiry. But the worst of all humbugs, the most deplorable of all delusions--is that, which leads men to shut their eyes to the truth, lest they should be laughed at for acknowledging it. Varieties. 1. Is not this world-a world of dreams, and the spirit-world-a world of realities? 2. Some are only in the love of knowing what is good, and true; others, of understanding them; and others-of living according to them; to which class do I belong? 3. Xerxes-whipped the sea, because it would not obey him. 4. That, which some people pride themselves in, often becomes the cause of their undoing; and what they very much dislike, becomes the only thing that saves them. 5. Possession-is eleven points of the law: hence, never let a valuable thing go out of your possession, without an ample security. 6. The world belowis a glass, in which we may see the world above: remove the vail, and see where spirit, and matter are connected. 7. The heart-felt prayer, only, is available; and to produce it, there must be deep-felt want; and the stronger it operates, the more perfect, and accepta ble must be the prayer. "Oh! tell me, step-dame Nature, tell, |