Ballantyne, and Thomas Thomson (at the born at Chatham in 1789; studied at end of the table). The three figures stand- Edinburgh University; M.D. 1813; L.C.P. ing up are Sir William Allan, Sir David London, 1819. He lived at 4 AldermansWilkie, and Sir Humphry Davy (examining bury Postern about 1820-24, and lectured a sword). The figure in front of the table, at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1825; died facing round three-quarters, is Thomas at the Oaks, Plumstead Common, Oct. 24, Campbell; and the figure wearing Hessian 1866, aged 77. He published the Bible boots and stroking his chin is Sir Adam referred to in 1841, the title-page of which Ferguson. There are seventeen figures in runs, The Holy Bible, containing the the picture JOHN PATCHING. Authorized Version, with 20,000 emendations; it was printed by John Childs & Son, Bungay, for Longman, Brown & Co., 1841. In the preface the editor mentions about 300 authorities from whose works his emendations have been derived. People's Edition was published in 1843. There are copies of both in the British Museum and in the library of the British and Foreign Bible Society. ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

If L. A. W. will consult The Homes and Haunts of Sir Walter Scott, Bart.,' by George G. Napier (Glasgow, MacLehose, 1897, pp. 174-5), he will there see a photogravure of this picture, and a complete list of the portraits. A similar list will also be found in a work entitled Abbotsford,' painted by William Smith, jun., described by W. S. Crockett (London, A. & C. Black, 1905, pp. 80-81).

The eight portraits he wants named are: Tom Campbell, sitting opposite to Thomas Moore; Constable and Ballantyne, the two printers, both sitting; Allan and Wilkie, the painters, and Sir Humphry Davy (examining a sword), all three standing; Sir Adam Ferguson (in Hessian, boots, sitting); and on the extreme left of the picture Thomas (Hugh) Thompson (sitting). Napier calls the last-named Hugh Thompson, while Crockett refers to him as Thomas Thompson; but Thomson seems the better spelling. J. CLARKE HUDSON..

Thornton, Horncastle.

A

PEERAGES: THEIR SALE (12 S. iii. 479).A definite example of the purchase of a peerage in the reign of James I. is that of John Holles, who for 10,000l. was created Baron Holles of Haughton in 1616, and Earl of Clare at a later date for an additional payment of 5,000l. See Prof. C. H. Firth's life of John Holles in the D.N.B.,' and S. R. Gardiner's History of England,' vol. ii. chap. xxi., where Sir John Roper's title of Lord Teynham is also said to have cost 10,000l. References to authorities will be found in these two places.

On p. 294 of The Memoirs of Ann, [F. H. and MR. W. E. WILSON also thanked for Lady Fanshawe' (1907), the editor has the replies.] following note:

CONQUEST'S VERSION OF THE BIBLE (12 S. iii. 478).-W. S. inquires as to a Bible published about the middle of last century by a Dr. George Conquest. I think W. S. must be referring to a Bible published by Dr. John Tricker Conquest. Of this Bible, which contained 20,000 emendations, two editions were issued: the first (16mo) in 1841, the second (8vo) in 1848. Dr. J. T. Conquest was a noted man-midwife of the .time, and it was popularly said that those practitioners could be divided into two classes: those who enlivened the period of waiting for the infant by ribald stories, and those who did so by pious exhortations and Scriptural quotations. I fancy Dr. J. T. Conquest must have belonged to the latter class.

"A somewhat lurid light upon the honours of these days is thrown by a letter of Sir Thomas this occasion [the coronation of Charles 1.], in Fanshawe of Jenkins to Christopher Hatton on which the uncle writes openly that there are 120 earls, viscounts, and barons to make, and that ready money will be accepted for these, and desires to know his nephew's wishes in the in 1643 was, doubtless, largely in recognition of matter. The peerage conferred on Sir Christopher the considerable sums advanced by him to King Charles I."

EDWARD BENSLY.

STATUE AS WATER-FOUNTAIN (12 S. iii. 478, 521).-At the second reference four contributors point to the Mannekin at Brussels as probably the statue sought by H. K. ST J. S. The Mannikin, however, does but partially answer the description given by the querist. He has in memory, W. S. is in error in calling this man George. in a German or Italian town, a statue He is John Tricker Conquest (British (single figure or group) used as a public Museum Catalogue styles him John Trickey fountain 66 ; and he has a faint impression under both his name and Bible). He was of four Cupids." These recollections are

S. D. CLIPPINGDALE, M.D.

more fully met by the Jugendbrunnen and even "inferior." It was used in Wales, opposite the Bride's Door on the north side long before regular surnames were used, to of St. Lawrence's Church at Nuremberg. distinguish between men of the same ChrisThis Fountain of the Virtues has six female tian name, if one of them was in any respect figures welche aus ihren Brüsten Wasser secondary as compared with the other. The spenden" (I quote from a guide-book), English form Vaughan has taken the place and above them six boys are blowing of the Welsh form Fychan altogether, and trumpets, from which also issue jets of it is a very common surname in Wales. water. There must be many instances of statues used as fountains. K. S.

THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER'S CLIMBING BOYS (12 S. iii. 347, 462).-Members of the Society of Friends took much interest in the condition of boys employed in sweeping chimneys, and there is quite a body of Quaker literature on the subject preserved in this library.

Mrs. Ann Alexander of York wrote Facts relative to the State of Children who are employed as Climbing Boys,' 1817; and Dr. John Walker of London wrote a Letter to the Members of the Society formed for the Suppression of the Inhuman Practice of employing Young Children to sweep Chimneys,' 1828. James Montgomery, the poet (not a Quaker), took an interest in the subject, as did Hannah Kilham, the Quaker missionary to West Africa.

Other information will be gladly given on application. NORMAN PENNEY.

Friends' Reference Library,

136 Bishopsgate, E.C.2.

Welch or Welsh is of course English both in form and origin, though a family bearing it must have originally been of Welsh nationality, or thought to be so. T. LLECHID JONES.

ST. CASSIAN AND ST. NICHOLAS (12 S. iii. 473). As to St. Cassian, or Cassyon, in the fourth century Bishop of Orta in North Africa, and subsequently of Autun, whose festival was observed on Aug. 5, see Miss F. Arnold-Forster's Studies in Church Dedications,' vol. i. pp. 437-8: "His one and only dedication in England is at ChaddesleyCorbett in Worcestershire.'

There is a hamlet in the Abteithal in the Tyrol called St. Cassian or Armentarola. JOHN B WAINEWRIGHT.

SIGNBOARDS AND SHOP DEVICES (12 S. iii. 446, 517).-There was a long article by Mr. M. H. Spielmann on the signs of London booksellers of Shakespeare's time in The Times Literary Supplement of Oct. 11 and Oct. 18, 1917, and Jan. 4, 1918.

DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

6

Two most interesting articles on Inn Brackets Signs and (July, 1894) and The Heraldry of Signs and Signboards (October, 1894) were published in The Reliquary for the months named.

Wм. M. DODSON. [MR. HOWARD S. PEARSON also thanked for reply.]

ARRESTING A CORPSE (12 S. iii. 444, 489). Among the items in my collection of Hertfordshire topography I find the following, which is, I believe, a cutting from The Gentleman's Magazine of June, 1784:

66

June 12.-In the evening, as Sir Barnard Turner was riding to town from Tottenham, his horse took fright and threw him with such violence against the shafts of a chaise, that his He was conveyed home and was attended by left leg and thigh were much wounded by it... three surgeons, but died early this morning."

"June 19.-At noon the corpse of the late Sir Barnard Turner, Bart., was carried in great military pomp from his house at Paul's Wharf, for interment at Therfield, near Royston in Hertfordshire. The procession was intended to have moved at ten o'clock, but the body having been arrested, it was detained near two hours

before matters could be adjusted, and an engagement legally given by his friends. A little before twelve, however, the coffin was put into a hearse and six horses, followed by a mourning coach and four, the state chariot of the deceased, with four other carriages, and about a dozen coaches and four in procession," &c.

"Sir B. Turner was chosen Alderman of the City of London in 1781, and was knighted on earrying up the City Address in March last."

The above may be of interest to DR. MILNE, although it does not give the information for which he asks.

Hertford.

WILLIAM F. ANDREWS.

The following is from The Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1794 :

"Tuesday, Sept. 2. As the corpse of a gentleman was proceeding to the burial-ground, it was arrested by a sheriff's officer and his followers, under the usual warrant of capias ad satisfaciendum. The friends, who followed, immediately left their coaches, and told the officer, if he chose, he was welcome to take the body, but he should not have coffin, shroud, or any one particle in which the body was enveloped, as those things were the property of the executors; and farther insisted that, as the deceased had, by his will, bequeathed his body to them, no execution would hold good against the corpse. The bailiff, after attending to many literary and persuasive arguments, and having discussed the matter as fully as the time and place would permit of, was very properly convinced that the spirit of the law meant a living, and not a dead, body, and accordingly marched off without_insisting farther on the legality of his capture. This, it is presumed, is the first and only instance of the kind that has happened since the arrest of the dead body of a Sheriff of London, not many years since."

W. B. H.

derivation, moulded the word by analogy
from "pacify," &c., which speedily replaced
the more correct form. At the time, strong
protest was made by scholars against the
use of pacifist," and "pacificist is still
the form used in literary journals and by
correct writers and speakers; but unfortun-
ately (not by any means for the first time
in the history of word-building) the shorter
though incorrect form appears to be the
more popular.
F. A. RUSSELL.

116 Arran Road, Catford, S.E.

FOLK-LORE THE SPIDER (12 S. iii. 272, 395, 491).-I was taught not to kill spiders; to do so would bring ill-luck to a household. To have a small spider on one's clothes was the best of good fortune, as they brought money and were known as money-spiders Brand's Popular Antiquities' (Chatto & and money-spinners. I have seen men Windus, 1900, p. 453) states that "Mas-catch them and put them in their pockets, singer's Fatal Dowry,' 1632, contains some and even eat them, with the object of drawcurious thoughts delivered at the funeral of ing money to themselves. a marshal in the army whose corpse was arrested for debt."

Worksop.

THOS. RATCLIFFE.

ON

MEN OF KENT," AND "INVICTA " MILITARY BADGE (12 S. ii. 477).-The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) was, on the abolition of the old numbers by which the infantry of the line were known, made up of two single-battalion regiments, the 1st Battalion having been formerly the 50th Foot, originally the 52nd Foot; the 2nd Battalion, late 97th (Earl of Ulster's) Regiment of Foot.

The regiment has for its principal badge, worn on the helmet plate, the White Horse of Kent on a scroll inscribed "Invicta above the horse another scroll, inscribed Quo Fas et Gloria Ducunt," all in silver on

"

would have helped towards the cost of re-erecting
them; but as they did not see their way to con-
tributing, the project was abandoned, and all
that remained of this masterpiece was used for
building purposes."
ALAN STEWART.

PADDINGTON POLLAKY (12 S. iii. 509).
Gilbert's allusion was obviously to Ignatius
Paul Pollaky, a Pole who, in the late sixties,
established a private inquiry office at
13 Paddington Green, which he maintained
till 1882. He further advertised himself as
Correspondent to the Foreign Police
I believe he was the first to set
up an office of this description in the
metropolis, though they are plentiful enough
nowadays.
WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.

Gazette."

privilege of selling spare milk, and, by a
system not unknown to modern milk-
vendors, she so cheated her customers that
the Earl, hearing of it, cancelled the privi-
lege. She then bewitched the Castle,
usually in the form of a black dog. The
St. Nicholas's, brought the evil one to rest
chaplain, with the Vicars of St. Mary's and
by reading passages of Scripture, and
of a dog to the height of Cæsar's Tower, from
eventually followed the witch in the form
which she or it sprang into the stream, to a
chamber prepared under the mill dam. Her
statue was placed upon the tower battle-

ments, and was there until blown down some
The statue
years back.
was obviously
one of the stone warders often placed on
castle battlements.

[MR. CECIL CLARKE also thanked for reply.] ARMS OF ENGLAND WITH FRANCE ANCIENT In 1879 I was informed that the schoolroom (12 S. iii. 419, 485).-There is a large chest at Horspath, near Oxford, had been perin the "buttery at Durham Castle bearing sistently haunted by a ghost, to the general. inside the lid the arms of France ancient- annoyance of the teachers and children; three fleurs-de-lis, 3 and 4; 1 and 2 being the but the parish priest, with cross-bearer, arms of England-three leopards (see auto-acolytes, &c., performed a solemn service of type reproduction of the chest open, Arch. exorcism, with good effect. Is there any Eliana, Second Series, xv. 296). I have truth in this tale? also seen in private possession a shield of painted glass from a church in Durham county with same charges: 1 and 4, England; 2 and 3, France ancient.

South Shields.

R. B-R.

TUCKER AND PETER FAMILIES (12 S. iii. 504) The Tucker papers are now in the possession of Ivan Tucker, 2nd Ghoorkhas, Butts Green, Chelmsford.

V. L. OLIVER.

The

LAYING A GHOST (12 S. iii. 504).-The service as performed at Castle Acre in Norfolk, early in the nineteenth century, consisted in requisitioning the services of three of the neighbouring clergy, who read in rotation verses of Scripture, the ghost also reading and keeping pace with them. If the clerics managed to get a verse ahead, their power was established and the ghost laid. recess the spirit was put to rest in had two candle-ends thrown in, from which, I presume, they were lighted during the ceremony. My informant, an old lady, aged 84, was present (so she said) when the event took place. The recess was an object of dread in my boyhood. It was securely barred, two wooden bars and an iron one crossing from side to side; but I believe it was merely an opening into a huge chimneystack.

A somewhat similar story is told of Warwick Castle. An ancient dame had the

J. HARVEY BLOOM.

The only authentic recent case I ever heard of was the rectory at High Wycombe, about thirty years ago. E. E. COPE.

SUGAR ITS INTRODUCTION INTO ENGLAND

(12 S. iii. 472).-The following notes may be of interest.

The Burgundians attacked Paris in July, 1465. Haggard in his Louis XI. and Charles the Bold' states of the besieged as follows:

"They caused the bourgeoisie to close the gate, after the Burgundians had been supplied in turn with all the paper, parchment, ink, sugar, and drugs that they demanded."

Prof. J. E. Thorold Rogers in his account of Holland in "The Story of the Nations,' 1889, p. 49, stated:

"There were

flourishing manufactures in In particular, sugar was Alexandria and Cairo. cultivated, extracted, and refined in the former town, with such success and abundance that its price fell, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, to less than an eighth of what it stood at in the beginning of the fifteenth.'

If sugar was to be obtained in Alexandria at the commencement of the fifteenth century, it is probable that much was used in the Courts of Europe, and that sugar was therefore well known to many.

I have always understood that at the royal and other banquets the art of the sweetmeatmaker was much in evidence, and that this